View source for Insurgency in Chechnya (1722)

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Insurgency in Chechnya (1722)
| place             = [[Chechnya]] and the [[Endirey Khanate]]
| date              = July–August 1722
| partof            = [[Chechen-Russian conflict]]
| result            = [[Russian Empire|Russian victory]]
| combatant1        = [[Chechens]] <br> [[Endirey Khanate]]
| combatant2        = {{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> [[Kalmyk Khanate]]
| commander1        = [[Aidemir Bardykhanov]] <br> [[Musal Chapalov]]
| commander2        = '''First Campaign:''' <br> [[Andrey Veterani]] <br> [[Colonel]] Naumov <hr>'''Second Campaign:''' <br> [[Lieutenant]] Kudryavtsev <br> [[Ayuka Khan]]
| strength1         = '''First Campaign:''' <br> 5,000–6,000 <hr> '''Second Campaign:''' <br> Unknown
| strength2         = '''First Campaign:''' <br> 2,400 <hr> '''Second Campaign:''' <br> 13,730–15,000
*{{flagicon|Russian Empire}} 10,000
*3,730–5,000 [[Kalmyks]]
}}
{{Campaignbox Chechen–Russian conflict}}
The '''1722 Insurgency in Chechnya''' occurred because of the refusal of the [[Chechens]] and the [[Endirey Khanate]] to swear allegiance to the [[Russian Empire]], due to the oppression of the highlanders by the Tsarist regime, followed by several raids on the [[Terki (fortress)|Terek fortress]] by the former, which led to a Russian campaign against the [[North Caucasus|North Caucasians]] in July and August 1722.
== History ==
=== First Campaign ===
Because of the oppression, the [[North Caucasus|North Caucasians]] formed militias and raided the [[Terki (fortress)|Terek fortress]]. Expecting a Russian punitive campaign, the people of [[Endirey]] began defensive measures such as [[Abatis|ditches]].{{sfn|Ибрагимов|2008|page=300}}
==== Battle of Endirey ====
{{See also|Battle of Endirey}}
In July 1722, a Russian cavalry corps, 2,400 strong, led by brigadier Veterani, approached [[Endirey]]. While marching along the [[Aktash (river)|Aktash River]] in a mountain gorge near the city, the Russian army got ambushed by a [[Chechens|Chechen]]–[[Kumyks|Kumyk]] force between 5,000 and 6,000 strong, who entirely encircled the enemy army and killed 80 soldiers. Meanwhile, another detachment led by Colonel Naumov invaded [[Endirey]] and destroyed it.{{sfn|Ибрагимов|2008|page=300—301}}{{sfn|Jaimoukha|2005|page=39}}
=== Second Campaign ===
By order of [[Peter the Great|Peter I]], on August 4 of the same year, a new campaign against the [[Chechens]] and [[Kumyks]] was conducted. The new army consisted of Russian troops under the command of Lieutenant Kudryavtsev and a 3,700 strong army led by [[Ayuka Khan]] of the [[Kalmyk Khanate]]. <br>
According to Russian sources:{{sfn|Ибрагимов|2008|page=301}}
<blockquote>''In the same August, the Kalmyks really did devastation to the Endyreans, and, extending it, as usual, beyond the limits, they recaptured rams, bulls and horses not only from the Endyrean owner Chopal Chopalov, but also from the Aksai Sultan Magmut, people loyal to Russia.''</blockquote>
The second campaign led to the defeat of the rebels, who were forced to recognize their Russian citizenship. The [[Kumyks]] were allowed to return to [[Endirey]], but were not allowed to build any fortifications near it. Ayuka Khan, who showed diligence in suppressing the uprising, in addition to the 10 thousand rubles granted to him when organizing the campaign, at the end of the raid received the same amount as a reward for his labors. After these events, the Kalmyks were often used to protect Russian settlements and fortifications in the region and punitive raids deep into [[Chechnya]] and [[Dagestan]].{{sfn|Ибрагимов|2008|page=301}}
== See also ==
* [[Murat Kuchukov Movement]] — Previous major Chechen uprising against the [[Russian Empire]]
* [[Battle of Endirey]] — First conflict in the war; Defeat of the Russian troops
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Sources ==
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21678449|last=Ибрагимов |first=М. М.|year=2008|title=История Чечни с древнейших времён до наших дней|location=Grozny|publisher=ГУП «Книжное издательство»|language=Russian|trans-title=|pages=1–827|isbn=}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://inozmi.spilnotv.com/books/sprak/Chechen/Chechens.A.Handbook.pdf|last=Jaimoukha|first=Amjad|year=2005 |title=The Chechens: A handbook|location=|publisher=Psychology Press|language=English|trans-title=|pages=1–320|isbn=}}
[[Category:Wars involving Chechnya|Chechnya (1722)]]
[[Category:Chechen–Russian conflict]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1722]]