View source for Intendancy of Arequipa

{{Short description|Intendancy of the Spanish Empire}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name            = Intendencia de Arequipa
|subdivision            = [[Intendencia indiana|Intendancy]]
|nation                 = the [[Spanish Empire]]
|title_leader           = Intendant
|leader1                = José Menéndez <small>(first)</small>
|year_leader1           = 1784–1786
|leader2                = {{ill|Juan Bautista de Lavalle|es|lt=Juan Bautista}} <small>(last)</small>
|year_leader2           = 1816–1824
|capital                = [[Arequipa]]
|political_subdiv       = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|year_start             = 1784
|year_end               = 1824
|event_start            =
|date_start             =
|event_end              = Dissolved
|date_end               = December
|era                    = [[Viceroyalty of Peru]]
|image_flag             = <!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg -->
|image_coat             = Escudo de Armas de Arequipa.svg
|symbol_type            = Coat of arms
|image_map              = Virreinato del Perú (1810).svg
|image_map_caption      = The intendancy within Peru in 1810
|s1                     = Department of Arequipa
|flag_s1                = Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg
|Divisions              = Partidos
|DivisionsNames         = ''[[#Subdivisions|See relevant section]]''
}}
The '''Intendancy of Arequipa''' ({{langx|es|Intendencia de Arequipa}}), also known informally as '''Arequipa Province''' ({{langx|es|Provincia de Arequipa}}), was one of the territorial divisions of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]], ruled from the city of [[Arequipa]] and under the jurisdiction of the [[Archdiocese of Arequipa|Bishopric of Arequipa]]. It existed from 1784 to 1824, receiving the news of the result of the [[Battle of Ayacucho]] in late December of the same year.
==History==
Created in 1784, the intendancy was under the jurisdiction of the [[Real Audiencia of Lima]] until the city's occupation by [[José de San Martín]] in the 1820s, when it was transferred to the {{ill|Real Audiencia of Cuzco|es|Real Audiencia del Cuzco}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=La formación teórica y práctica de los letrados de Arequipa. entre el Colegio Seminario de San Gerónimo y la audiencia de Cuzco (ss. XVIII-XIX) |journal=Revista de estudios histórico-jurídicos |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-54552022000100741 |last=Tormo Camallonga |first=Carlos |issue=44 |via=[[SciELO]] |doi=10.4067/S0716-54552022000100741 |year=2022 |location=Valparaíso |trans-title=The theoretical and practical training of Arequipa lawyers. Between the College Seminary of San Geronimo and the audience of Cuzco (ss. XVIII-XIX)|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The intendancy was phased out starting on April 26, 1822, when the [[Department of Arequipa]] was created by [[José de San Martín]] as part of his [[Protectorate of Peru|new protectorate]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arequipa cautiva con sus notables atractivos turísticos en su bicentenario departamental |url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-arequipa-cautiva-sus-notables-atractivos-turisticos-su-bicentenario-departamental-890517.aspx#:~:text=El%20departamento%20de%20Arequipa%20fue,funcion%C3%B3%20en%20la%20etapa%20virreinal. |date=2022-04-26 |work=[[Andina (news agency)|Andina]]}}</ref> with {{ill|Francisco de Paula Otero|es}} as its leader. Despite this establishment, the patriot governments' armies of Peru, [[Gran Colombia|Colombia]] and [[Chile]] were subsequently defeated by the royalist troops of [[Valentín Ferraz y Barrau]] and {{ill|Antonio Tur y Berrueta|es}} in the {{ill|Battle of Arequipa|es|Combate de Arequipa}} of October 8, 1823.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Documentos sobre la Guerra de Independencia: Puertos Intermedios |last=Peralta |first=Pedro |publisher=Empresa de Generación Eléctrica del Sur S.A. |year=2023 |isbn=978-612-49528-0-7 |edition=1st |pages=17 |language=es |url=https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/5649063/5006285-documentos-sobre-la-guerra-de-independencia-puertos-intermedios.pdf?v=1704817803 |last2=Villanueva |first2=Alonso}}</ref> After the royalist capitulation at the [[Battle of Ayacucho]] on December 9, 1824, the news reached the intendancy later that month, with [[Pío de Tristán]] being chosen as interim viceroy until the Peruvian troops reached the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://encuentro.pe/cultura/cronicas-de-arequipa/la-jura-de-la-independencia-en-la-ciudad-de-arequipa/ |title=La jura de la independencia en la ciudad de Arequipa |date=2022-08-12 |website=Encuentro.pe |last=Condori |first=Víctor}}</ref>
==Subdivisions==
The intendancy was divided into seven ''partidos''.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Retazos de la Historia de Moquegua |last=Kuong Cabello |first=Luis E. |publisher=Universidad de Moquegua |year=1982 |pages=67 |language=es |url=http://www.luiskuoncabello.com/retazos-de-moquegua.html}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" align="center" width=60%
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! Partido!! Head (city of government)
|-
| Arequipa || [[Arequipa|Ciudad de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa]]
|-
| Cailloma || [[Caylloma District|Caylloma]]
|-
| Condesuyos || [[Chuquibamba]]
|-
| Camaná || [[Camaná|Villa de San Miguel de Ribera]]
|-
| Moquegua || [[Moquegua|Villa de Santa Catalina de Guadalcázar del Valle de Moquegua]]
|-
| Arica || [[Arica|Ciudad de San Marcos de Arica]]
|-
| Tarapacá || [[San Lorenzo de Tarapacá]]
|-
|}
==Intendants==
The Governors (intendants) who ruled the intendancy of Arequipa were:<ref>{{Cite book |title=Diccionario histórico-biográfico del Perú |last=de Mendiburu |first=Manuel |year=1876 |pages=415 |language=es |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsI5-BDe-jUC |volume=1 |author-link=Manuel de Mendiburu}}</ref>
*José Menéndez Escalada, ''director general de Aduana'' (1784–1786)
*Antonio Alvarez y Jimenez, [[Brigadier]] (1786–1796)
*Bartolomé María Salamanca, [[Frigate captain]] of the [[Order of Alcántara]] (1796–1810)
*José Gabriel Moscoso, [[Lieutenant colonel]] (1810–1815)
*[[Pío de Tristán]], Brigadier (1815–1816)
*{{ill|Juan Bautista de Lavalle|es}}, [[Colonel]] of the Order of Alcántara (1816–1824)
==See also==
*[[Department of Arequipa]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Subdivisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru]]
[[Category:Intendancies of the Spanish Empire|Arequipa]]