View source for Ipanema

{{About|the neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                              = Ipanema
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|settlement_type              = Neighbourhood
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|pushpin_map                  = Brazil Rio de Janeiro#Brazil
|pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Rio de Janeiro
|subdivision_type             = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name           = {{flag|Brazil}}
|subdivision_type1          = [[States of Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro (RJ)]]
|subdivision_type2          = Municipality/City
|subdivision_name2        = [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|subdivision_type3           = Zone
|subdivision_name3         = [[Rio de Janeiro#South Zone|South Zone]]
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[[Image:Praia de Ipanema rio.jpg|thumb|Ipanema Beach seen from above]]
'''Ipanema''' ({{IPA|pt|ipaˈnẽmɐ}}) is a neighbourhood located in the [[South Zone (Rio de Janeiro)|South Zone]] of the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, between [[Leblon, Rio de Janeiro|Leblon]] and [[Arpoador]]. The beach at Ipanema became known internationally with the popularity of the [[bossa nova]] song, "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]" ("''Garota de Ipanema''"), written by [[Antônio Carlos Jobim]] and [[Vinícius de Moraes]].
== Etymology ==
The name ''Ipanema'' originally referred to a river in the state of São Paulo, its etymology deriving from the [[Tupi language]] words ''ipá'' (pond) and ''nem-a'' (stinking).<ref name="GärtnerHundt1999">{{cite book|author1=Eberhard Gärtner|author2=Christine Hundt|author3=Axel Schönberger|title=Estudos de história da língua portuguesa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4jjAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Ipanema%22|year=1999|publisher=TFM|isbn=978-3-925203-66-4|page=163}}</ref> Possible translations for its original meaning are "worthless water", "stinking lake", "turbid water", or "water worthless for human consumption".<ref name="Lage2019">{{cite book|author=Joana Darc Purcino Lage|title=Guardiãs da Vida: Vale das almas Guardiãs da Vida|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SyZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|date=28 June 2019|publisher=Bibliomundi|isbn=978-1-5260-1209-8|page=191|quote=Ipanema: Significa "água imprestável", "lago fedorento", "água turva", "água imprestável para o consumo humano"... Ypanema, da língua Yaathe, original da tribo Fulni-ô, também possui o mesmo significado de "água turva", "água imprestável para o consumo humano". English:"Ipanema" means "worthless water", "stinking lake", "turbid water", or "water worthless for human consumption"... ''Ypanema'' in the Yaathe language, originally from the Fulni-ô tribe, arose in reference to a river in the Sorocaba region, and means "turbid water" or "water that can not be used for human consumption."}}</ref> The historian [[Teodoro Fernandes Sampaio|Teodoro Sampaio]] translated ''Ipanema'' as "bad water".<ref name="Sampaio1901">{{cite book|author=Teodoro Sampaio|title=O tupí na geographia nacional: memoria lida no Instituto historico e geographico de S. Paulo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPN42QE8iaoC&pg=PA156|year=1901|publisher=Casa Eclectica|page=156}}</ref>
The neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro was named after José Antonio Moreira Filho, the Baron of Ipanema, who in 1883 created the first urban settlement in the region.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://diariodorio.com/nome-dos-bairros-do-rio-de-janeiro/ | title=Significado do nome dos Bairros do Rio de Janeiro | date=13 April 2020 }}</ref>
The border area between [[Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro|Copacabana]] and Ipanema is known locally as "Copanema".
==History==
Ipanema today consists mostly of land that once belonged to [[José Antônio Moreira Filho, 2nd Baron of Ipanema|José Antonio Moreira Filho]], Baron of Ipanema. The name "Ipanema" did not refer originally to the beach, but to the homeland of the baron at [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://diariodorio.com/nome-dos-bairros-do-rio-de-janeiro/ | title=Significado do nome dos Bairros do Rio de Janeiro | date=13 April 2020 }}</ref>
== Character ==
{{Unsourced|section|date=December 2022}}
Ipanema is adjacent to [[Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro)|Copacabana]] and [[Leblon]] beaches, but it is distinct from its neighbours. It is relatively easy to navigate because the streets are aligned in a grid. Ipanema's beach culture includes surfers and sunbathers who gather daily at the beach. Every Sunday, the roadway closest to the beach is closed to motor vehicles allowing local residents and tourists to ride bikes, roller skate, skateboard, and walk along the ocean. Ipanema is one of Rio's most expensive districts to live in; private investment has led to the building of world-class restaurants, shops, and cafés.
Ipanema has played a cultural role in Rio de Janeiro since the city's beginning, with its own universities, art galleries, and theatres. It holds a street parade, the [[Banda de Ipanema]], during Carnival festivities separate from those of Rio de Janeiro, attracting up to 50,000 people to the streets of Ipanema.
== Beach ==
[[File:Rio_08_2013_Ipanema_beach_near_Posto_9_Km_6913.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Vieira Souto avenue]]
The beach at Ipanema is known for its elegant development and its social life. Two mountains called the ''Dois Irmãos'' (Two Brothers) rise at the western end of the beach, which is divided into segments delineated by ''postos'', or lifeguard towers. Beer is sold everywhere, along with the traditional ''[[cachaça]]''.  There are always circles of people playing [[association football|football]], [[volleyball]], and [[footvolley]], a locally invented sport that is a combination of volleyball and football.
In the winter the [[Ocean surface wave|surf]] can reach three metres (nine feet). The water quality varies from clear light-blue water to a more murky green after heavy rains. Constant swells help keep the water clean, and the often treacherous beach break regularly forms surfable barrels. Just west of this colourful section, towards [[Leblon, Rio de Janeiro]], is another popular stretch of sand known as Posto 10, referring to the #10 lifeguard station.
The beach is one of many areas that suffers from the city's poor waste treatment. In its waters, "fecal coliform bacteria sometimes spike at 16 times the Brazilian government's 'satisfactory' level."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itv.com/news/2014-01-02/filthy-waters-around-rio-spark-fears-over-safety-for-brazil-olympic-sea-sports/|title=Filthy waters around Rio spark safety fears for Brazil Olympic sea sports|access-date=25 May 2016|date=2 January 2014|first=Nick|last=Ravenscroft|publisher=[[ITV plc]]|work=[[ITV News]]}}</ref> Large amounts of pollutants are still dumped into the sea through the nearby [[marine outfall]] pipe, a matter of increasing concern to ecologists.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/biologos-alertam-que-emissario-de-ipanema-pode-gerar-danos-biodiversidade-13246668 | title=Biólogos alertam que emissário de Ipanema pode gerar danos à biodiversidade | date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>
Beachgoers often applaud the sunset in the summer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/12/travel/brazil-best-beaches/ | title=8 of Brazil's best beaches | work=CNN.com | date=24 July 2013 | access-date=17 September 2014 | author=Robinson, Joe | quote=Beachgoers in Rio de Janeiro have been known to break into applause as the sun sets after a particularly fine day of bronzing.}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Travel Channel]] listed Ipanema Beach as the sexiest beach in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur7ud9x-moU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/Ur7ud9x-moU |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=YouTube Video, Travel Channel, 2008|website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==Posto 9==
[[File:Ipanema Beach (4589735501).jpg|thumb|Volleyball players in Ipanema.]]
[[File:1 ipanema beach vidigal sunset.jpg|thumb|Sunset at Ipanema, with Pedra da Gávea mountain, Dois Irmãos mountain and the neighbourhood of [[Vidigal, Rio de Janeiro|Vidigal]] in the background]]
Posto 9 is the section of the beach around the #9 lifeguard station, across from Joana Angelica Street. Its notoriety began around 1979 when [[Fernando Gabeira]], later a [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|federal deputy]] for the State of Rio de Janeiro, returned from political exile in France and was photographed there in a thong.<ref name="Ventura2005">{{cite book|author=Zuenir Ventura|title=Minhas histórias dos outros|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGMbAQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Planeta|isbn=978-85-7665-076-8|page=117}}</ref> He had been a member of the leftist urban guerrilla group [[MR8]], which kidnapped the American ambassador, [[Charles Burke Elbrick]], in 1969 and demanded the release of fifteen political prisoners in exchange for his life.<ref name="Atencio2014">{{cite book|author=Rebecca J. Atencio|title=Memory's Turn: Reckoning with Dictatorship in Brazil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGyXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|date=25 June 2014|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-29724-4|pages=33–34}}</ref><ref name="Skidmore1990">{{cite book|author=Thomas E. Skidmore|title=The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VtMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT500|date=8 March 1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-028167-0|page=500}}</ref>
Posto 9 inherited its status as a gathering spot for counter-cultural types from the area near [[Farme de Amoedo Street]], next to the dunes called ''Dunas do Barato'' and a pier that was demolished in the 1970s.  It has a long history of public cannabis smoking (illegal in Brazil), police raids, and gatherings of left-wing intellectuals. It is still popular with students, artists, actors, and liberal-minded people.
==Feira Hippie de Ipanema==
A group of [[hippie]]s started a Sunday market in Ipanema in 1968 and the traditional fair continues with over 700 stalls set up at the Feira Hippie de Ipanema (Ipanema Hippie Market).
==Cultural references==
Ipanema gained fame with the rise of the popular [[bossa nova]] sound, when residents [[Antônio Carlos Jobim]] and [[Vinicius de Moraes]] created their ode to the neighbourhood, "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]." The song was written in 1962, with music by [[Antônio Carlos Jobim|Jobim]] and Portuguese lyrics by [[Vinícius de Moraes|de Moraes]]; English lyrics were written later by [[Norman Gimbel]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ipanema}}
* [https://rgssa.blogspot.com/2014/07/back-to-rio.html '''back to Rio''', RGSSA blog post contains images of Ipanema Beach, 1914]
* [http://ipanema.com/citytour/bchtour.htm Ipanema Beach]
{{Rio de Janeiro city neighbourhoods}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro (city)]]
[[Category:Beaches of Rio de Janeiro (city)]]