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{{Short description|Torture device}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{ course assignment | course = Education Program:University of Toronto Mississauga/CCT110: The Rhetoric of Digital and Interactive Media Environments (W14) | term = 2014 Q1 }}
[[File:TM-Torture chair.jpg|thumb|Iron chair]]
An '''iron chair''' is a [[torture]] device that has several different variations depending on its origin and use throughout history. It is also known as the Chinese torture chair or the torture chair. In all cases, the victim was seated on several strips or plates of [[brass]] and placed over an open flame and slowly roasted alive. In other variations, the victim was tied to an iron armchair and then slowly pushed nearer and nearer to a blazing fire."<ref>{{cite web|title=Torture|url=http://www.shropshireghostwalks.co.uk/Ghosthunt/torture.htm|work=The Shrewsbury Ghost Hunt|accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medieval Torture|url=http://www.medieval-castles.org/index.php?cat=31|work=Medieval Information|accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lyon: The Roman Amphitheater|url=http://www.athenapub.com/lyamphin.htm|work=Athena Review Image Archive|accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> Other versions of the chair had the addition of small sharp spikes which lined the back, seat, armrests and leg rests. The number of spikes ranged from 500 to 1,500.<ref>Medieval Torture. Medieval warfare Resources. 2013.</ref>
== Origin ==
The iron chair originated from Europe's [[Middle Ages]], though it was used around the world in different variations as well.{{cn|date=November 2022}}
== Lead ==
The iron chair was a torture device that was added to [[dungeons]] in the Middle Ages. It experienced its prime in popularity in Europe. The iron chair has many different variations depending on its location but they consisted of 500-1500 spikes covering the whole chair with a hole on the seat for fire and coal to be placed under.{{cn|date=November 2022}}
The iron chair was used as punishment. Crimes that are punishable by the iron chair include [[adultery]], [[witchcraft]], [[murder]], etc. The instrument was used until the late 1800s in Europe.{{cn|date=November 2022}}
== Variations ==
Another variation of the iron chair was called the Chinese torture chair because it was a very common torture technique in China. Though the Chinese torture chair is slightly different it was used in the same psychological way as Europe's version. The Chinese torture chair was used in from 1701 to the 1900s in China and was "...made from wood with 12 steel blades in the arm, back and foot rests and seat" ([[Science Museum, London]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/classicalmusic/3611930/Viewfinder-Chinese-torture-chair.html|title=Viewfinder: Chinese torture chair|last=Horan|first=Tom|date=9 February 2004|website=The Telegraph|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
== Effects ==
This device was used on convicted people or suspects because it instilled fear in a person. It was used to extract confessions from people by watching another get tortured. If that failed, the person them self had to suffer from it as well. The iron chair "...lies primarily in the psychological fear caused on the victim" (Medievality).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medievality.com/chair.html|title=The Chair of Torture|website=www.medievality.com|access-date=2018-05-10}}</ref> The iron chair was especially unique because it relied on the psychological effects rather than physical, unlike many other torture instruments. Physically, this instrument punctures the skin while the person is tied down tightly onto the chair. If they do not cooperate, the person gets tied down tighter, digging the spikes deeper into their flesh. The large hole at the bottom of the seat was made to put coal and fire under to burn the victims lower body parts and slowly roast them alive. This torture technique did not necessarily cause death itself, it was usually followed with an infection after the person was released. Death was far from instant with the iron chair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/objects/display?id=92956|title=Wooden torture chair with 12 steel blades, China, 1701-1900|website=broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-05-10}}</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:Instruments of torture]]
[[Category:European instruments of torture]]