View source for Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology

{{Orphan|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name                   = Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology
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| former_names = Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute<br > Institute of Caucasian Studies<br > Institute of Language, History and Material Culture<br > Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography <br >
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| established            = {{Start date and age|1917|07|01}}
| type                   = [[Research institute]]
| president              = Giorgi Cheishvili
| city                   = [[Tbilisi]]
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| country                = [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
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| website                = {{URL|http://institutehist.ucoz.net/}}
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''' Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology''' ({{lang-ka|ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის ისტორიისა და ეთნოლოგიის ინსტიტუტი}} ''Ivane Javaxishvilis saxelobis istoriis da etnologiis instituti'') is a Scientific-research institute in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. It originated from the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute, founded in [[Tbilisi]] on July 1, 1917, with [[Nikolai Marr]] as its initiator and [[Ekvtime Takaishvili]] and [[Giorgi Chubinashvili]] as its real members. In 1931 the Department of Natural Sciences was added to the Institute and it was renamed the "Institute of Caucasian Studies".
In 1936, after another reorganization, the institute was renamed the "Academician Nikolai Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture", to which Ivane Javakhishvili was invited as a permanent consultant.
It was split on May 8, 1941, and two institutes were established on its basis: the Institute of History and the Academician. N. Marr Language Institute. Due to the expansion of archeological and ethnographic works, in 1964 the Institute of History was renamed the "Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography". In 1977, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography was separated from the Archaeological Department, which was then established as an independent research center. Since 2006 the institute has been named "Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology".
They worked at the institute at different times: [[Ekvtime Takaishvili]], [[Giorgi Chubinashvili]], [[Simon Janashia]], [[Giorgi Akhvlediani]], [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]], [[Vukol Beridze]], [[Giorgi Nioradze]], [[Akaki Shanidze]], [[Varlam Topuria]], [[Giorgi Tsereteli (orientalist)|Giorgi Tsereteli]], [[Arnold Chikobava]], [[Giorgi Melikishvili]], [[Simon Kaukhchishvili]], [[Vera Bardaveli]], [[Giorgi Chitaia]] and others. Since its establishment, the institute has been a major center for the study of [[History of Georgia (country)|Georgian history]] and the life and culture of the [[Georgians|Georgian people]].
==Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute==
[[File:Nikolai Marr 1905.jpg|left|200px|thumb|[[Nikolai Marr]] ― Founder of Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute]]
[[Nikolai Marr]] drafted the project for the establishment of the Academy of Sciences in [[Tbilisi]] in 1906, but the project could not be implemented at that time. After the [[February Revolution]] in 1917, the idea of founding the institute became a reality. On June 6 of the same year, the Russian Ministry of Education approved the charter and temporary states of the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute. The official founding date of the institute is July 1, 1917.<ref name="Institute 70">{{Cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1988|pages = 7–19|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
The main purpose of the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute was to study the language, history, and way of life of the Caucasus and related peoples (population of the [[Middle East]]), to develop disciplines related to Caucasian studies.<ref name="Janashia, 1944">Janashia, S. (1944). [http://dspace.gela.org.ge/handle/123456789/4990 Short Report of the work of the Academician N. Marie Institute of Language, History and Material Culture and its Scientific Council, 1936-1941]. ''the bulletin of academician N. Marr institute of history and ethnography XIV. '' Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. pp. 375-397.</ref>
On September 6, 1917, according to the charter, [[Ekvtime Takaishvili]] and [[Giorgi Chubinashvili]] were elected as full members of the institute, and [[Dimitri Gordeev]] and Sirakan Tigraniani were elected as adjuncts (junior researchers). Alexander Shchepotiev was the acting secretary for a year, and then Dmitry Gordeev.
By a decree of the Scientific Council in December 1917, 45 scientists were notified about the establishment of the institute and asked to be involved in their activities as a member-employee. Among the addressees were: [[Ivane Javakhishvili]], [[Korneli Kekelidze]], [[Pavle Ingorokva]], [[Iustine Abuladze]], Ivane Orbeli, [[Vukol Beridze]], Leon Melikset-Begi and others. However, only 9 scientists responded to the appeal.<ref name="Institute 70" />
In 1919, Giorgi Chubinashvili made plans for [[Tsnori]] and [[Ateni Sioni Church]]. Ekvtime Takaishvili visited churches and monasteries in [[Kutaisi]] and [[Racha]] in western Georgia and described church items. Dimitri Gordeev worked in [[Mingrelia|Samegrelo]] for a month. In the same year, the Russian Academy of Sciences sent Professor [[Robert Pierpont Blake]] to work on Georgian manuscripts at the institute.<ref name="Institute 70" />
[[File:Giorgi Chubinashvili.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|[[Giorgi Chubinashvili]] – member of the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute in 1917 - 1924]]
In 1922–1931, the number of researchers at the Institute did not exceed 7. In 1921, Ekvtime Takaishvili guarded the treasure taken from [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] to [[France]] and he also resigned from the position of deputy director of the institute.<ref>Gogilashvili, V. Kvachadze, C. (2010). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/189/1/eqvTime%20TayaiSvilis%20Sromebi.pdf Eqvtime Takaishvili: Bibliography]''. Tbilisi: National Science Library. ISBN 978-9941-0-1791-9. pp. 43.</ref> Giorgi Chubinashvili also left the institute in 1924. [[Sargis Kakabadze]] (1922), [[Mikheil Polievktov]] and [[Leon Melikset-Beg]] (1924), Vladimer Futuridze and Vera Bardavelidze (1930) started working at the institute at different times. In 1924, Vasil Bartold was elected as an honorary member of the institute.<ref name="Institute 70" />
In 1928, under the leadership of Sargis Kakabadze, a commission was set up at the institute to study [[Tbilisi]], [[Mtskheta]], and their districts. The commission explored Sioni, [[Anchiskhati Basilica|Anchisckhati]], [[Vank Monastery, Tbilisi|Vank]], and other churches.
===Expeditions===
Scientific expeditions to study historical monuments played an important role in the activities of the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute. In the summer of 1917, at the initiative of Nikolai Marr, expeditions were organized in [[Lazistan]] and [[Meskheti]]. [[Ioseb Kipshidze]] traveled to Lazistan for a month and a half and collected Chanuri texts,<ref>Danelia, K. (1985). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/8855/1/Danelia%20-%20Kipshidze.pdf Ioseb Kipshidze: life and scientific Inheritance]''. Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Publishing House. pp. 41-44.</ref>  which were published in ''Enimki Moambe'' after his death in 1937.<ref>Kipshidze, I. (1937). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4952/1/enimki%20moambe%20I.pdf Report on linguistic business trips to Chaneti in the summer of 1917].'' Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. pp. 145-177.</ref> [[Davit Kipshidze]], S. Lomia and Dimitri Gordeev traveled to Meskheti. Davit Kipshidze studied the frescoes of the great temple of [[Vardzia]], and Dimitri Gordeev studied the painting of the walls of [[Sapara Monastery|Sapara]], [[Chulevi Monastery|Chulevi]] and [[Zarzma monastery|Zarzma]] temples. Organized by the institute, scientific expeditions were organized in [[Lori Province|Lori province]], [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], [[Tsilkani]] and [[Saguramo]], as well as in the regions of western Georgia. An ethnographic expedition was organized in [[Abkhazia]].<ref name="Institute 70" />
==Institute of Caucasian studies==
[[File:Vera Bardavelidze.jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Vera Bardavelidze]] – Employee of the Ethnology Department of the Institute in 1930-1970]]
In 1931, the Department of Natural Sciences was added to the Caucasus Historical-Archaeological Institute and was renamed the "Institute of Caucasian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR". Departments of natural sciences and social sciences were established at the institute. The latter  was divided into two sectors: speech culture (language, literature, folklore, toponymy) and history, economics and material culture.<ref name="Institute 70" />
In the 1930s, along with the renaming of the institute, structural changes were also made. The positions of senior specialist, scientific specialist and scientific staff of different ranks have been established at the institute. Graduates of Tbilisi State University joined the institute at the same time. From 1930 the following people worked in the institute: [[Giorgi Nioradze]], Vladimeri Puturidze, Vera Bardavelidze, Mikheil Polievktov; Since 1934: Giorgi Khachapuridze, Karpez Dondua, [[Grigol Natadze]], [[Shalva Amiranashvili]], [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]],<ref name="Berdzenishvili">{{Cite book|author =Barkava, M. Dolidze, E.|title=''Nikoloz Berdzenishvili:Bibliography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1981|pages = 8}}</ref> [[Sergi Zhgenti]], [[Giorgi Tsereteli (orientalist)|Giorgi Tsereteli]],<ref name="Tsereteli">{{cite book|author =Barkava, M. Baghatauri, N.|title= ''Giorgi Tsereteli: Bibliography''| location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1986 |pages = 6, 26}}</ref> Makar Khubua; Since 1935: [[Simon Janashia]], [[Rusudan Kharadze]], [[Akaki Shanidze]],<ref name="Shanidze">{{cite book|author =Gogilashvili, V. Chkhikvishvili, N.|title=''Akaki Shanidze: Bibliography'' |location =tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1977|pages = 57}}</ref> [[Giorgi Chitaia]],<ref name="Chitaia">{{cite book|author =Gogilashvili, V. Dolidze, E.|title=''Giorgi Chitaia: Bibliography''|location =Tbilisi |publisher = National Science Library|date =2010|pages = 11, 34|isbn = 978-9941-0-2926-4}}</ref> [[Giorgi Akhvlediani]].<ref name="Akhvlediani">{{cite book|author =Barkava, M. Dolidze, E.|title=''Giorgi Akhvlediani: Bibliography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1978 |pages= 39–40}}</ref><ref name="Institute 70" />
In the 1930s, a postgraduate department was established at the institute. On December 20 of the same year, Nicolai Marr died. Following year the institute was renamed after him. In 1934 the departments of history and material culture and literature and language were opened in the institute, the following year - the sectors of the Middle East and ethnography, and in 1936 - the sector of history of Georgia, which initially employed only three scholars: [[Ivane Javakhishvili]], [[Simon Janashia]] and [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]].<ref name="Institute 70" />
On March 25, 1936, the Institute established 8 sectors: the Transcaucasian Peoples' History, the Transcaucasian Peoples' Languages, Ethnography and Archeology, the [[History of Georgia (country)|History of Georgia]], [[Culture of Georgia (country)|Georgian Literature]], the [[Middle East]], the Geography Sectors, and the Nikolai Marr Cabinet.<ref name="Institute 70" />
==Institute of Language, History and Material Culture==
===Structure===
[[File:სიმონ ჯანაშია.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Simon Janashia]] – Head of the History Sector of the institute (1937-1939) and Director (1936-1947)]]
The Nikolai Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture was located at N3 Mikheil Lermontov Street. According to [[Vladimer Machavariani]], [[Ivane Javakhishvili]] was the "spiritual commander" of the institute, and [[Simon Janashia]] was the direct manager.<ref>Machavariani, V. (1976). [http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/21449/1/Mnatobi_1976_N10.pdf Close to a big man]. ''Mnatobi''. N10. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Central Committee of Georgia. pp. 134-137.</ref>
In 1936, by the decree of the Government of Georgia, the Archaeological and Anthropological Institutes under the People's Commissariat of Education of the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgian SSR]] were abolished and joined the Ethnography and Archaeology Sector of the institute. The Terminology Committee was established at the Institute as a Department of Scientific Terminology, headed by [[Vukol Beridze]].<ref name="Beridze">{{Cite book|author = Barkava, M. Kvachadze, C.|title=''Vukol Beridze: Bibliography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =2006 |pages = 13}}</ref> [[Giorgi Nioradze]] was appointed head of the Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography Sector, and [[Alexander Natishvili]] was Head of the Anthropology Sector. The Georgian Literature Sector of the institute was transferred to the Shota Rustaveli Institute of Literature at [[Tbilisi State University]].<ref name="Institute 2">{{Cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili institute of history, archaeology and Ethnography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Mecniereba |date =1988 |pages = 20–37|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
In 1937 the division of the institute into sectors was abolished and departments were formed. The Sectors of the History of the Transcaucasian Peoples and the History of Georgia were united in the History Department, headed by Simon Janashia, and since 1939, [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]].<ref name="Berdzenishvili" /> In 1938 the Anthropology section was closed, and the Ethnography section was formed as a separate section. The following year, the Department of Philology was established, the Departments of Lexicology and Scientific Terminology were merged, and the Department of General Linguistics was established on the basis of two cabinets.<ref name="Institute 2" />
By 1940, the Institute of Language, History and Material Culture had nine departments:
# Department of Kartvelian Languages (Head [[Akaki Shanidze]])<ref name="Shanidze" />
# Department of Caucasian Languages (Head [[Arnold Chikobava]])<ref name="Chikobava">{{cite book|author = Barkava, M. Gverdwiteli, Q.|title=''Arnold Chikobava: Bibliography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Mecniereba |date =1979 |pages = 52}}</ref>
# Department of Lexicology and Terminology (Head Vukol Beridze)<ref name="Beridze" />
# Department of History (Head [[Simon Janashia]], From 1939 - [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]])<ref name="Berdzenishvili" />
# Department of Ethnography (Head [[Giorgi Chitaia]])<ref name = "Chitaia" />
# Department of Archaeology (Head [[Giorgi Nioradze]])
# Department of Middle East Languages (Head [[George Tsereteli]]) <ref name = "Tsereteli" />
# Department of General Linguistics (Head [[Giorgi Akhvlediani]]) <ref name = "Akhvlediani" />
# Department of Philology (Head [[Akaki Shanidze]], From 1940 - [[Simon Kaukhchishvili]])
On November 7, 1939, the Scientific Council of the institute was granted the right to receive PhD and doctoral dissertations. On December 29 of the following year, the dissertation was defended by [[Alexi Robakidze]], a junior researcher at the Ethnography Department. This was the first dissertation defended at the institute.<ref name="Institute 2" />
===Scientific-Research activities===
[[File:Arnold Chikobava.jpg|left|200px|thumb|[[Arnold Chikobava]] – Head of the Mountain Caucasian Languages Department]]
====History====
In the field of history, the key issues were the old period of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and the [[feudalism]] era, the origin and settlement of the Kartvelian tribes, the socio-economic and political history of Georgia, the relations between Georgia and the Caucasus, Georgia and the [[Middle East]], etc. Scientific research was aimed at finding, processing and publishing Georgian and foreign sources.
In 1939, [[Ivane Javakhishvili]] and Nikoloz Berdzenishvili published a monographic study on the history of Georgia in the XIII-XVIII centuries, and the following year, a textbook on the history of Georgia was published by them and Simon Janashia.<ref name="Institute 2" />
====Archaeology====
In the field of archaeology, the leading place in the activities of the institute was held by conducting systematic archaeological excavations in different regions of Georgia, processing and publishing the extracted materials. Ivane Javakhishvili demanded to carry out the archaeological works according to the plan.<ref name="Lortkipanidze">Lortkipanidze, O. (1976). [http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/137389/1/Ciskari_1976_N8.pdf Archaeology at the Ivane Javakhishvili Institute]. ''Ciskari''. N8. Tbilisi; ISSBN 0132-6023. pp. 127-134.</ref>
Archaeological expeditions were organized under the guidance of the scientists of the Institute: in [[Archiloskalo]] (1937), [[Kaspi]] (1937),<ref name="Janashia, 1937">Janashia, S.. (1937). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4954/1/enimki%20moambe%20II-3.pdf Acad. N. Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture]''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 361-362.</ref> [[Gebi, Georgia|Gebi]] (1938),<ref>Janashia, S. (1939). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4967/1/moambe%204-3.pdf Acad. N. Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture]''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. pp.345-361.</ref> [[Dablagomi]] (1936), [[Bolnisi]] (1936), [[Alazani Valley]], near [[Safarlo]] (1937), village In [[Odishi]] (1937), in the [[Colchis Lowland]], in the village of Didi Gantiadi, in [[Chkhorotsqu]] (1939), in [[Samshvilde]] (1939).<ref name="Janashia, 1944" />
====Ethnography====
[[File:Giorgi Chitaia.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Giorgi Chitaia]] – Head of Ethnographic Department]]
In the field of ethnography, the activities of the Institute were given a systematic look at the field ethnographic works, processing and publication of the extracted materials. In 1937, under the leadership of [[Giorgi Chitaia]], the ethnography department organized a complex expedition to [[Imereti]], [[Baghdati Municipality|Baghdati district]], [[Telavi Municipality|Telavi district]] and [[Svaneti|Upper Svaneti]].<ref name="Janashia, 1937" /> In 1939, ethnographic expeditions were organized in [[Racha]], [[Tianeti]], Pirikita Khevsureti, Kiziki, [[Pshavi]], and [[little Liakhvi]].<ref>Chitaia, G. (1941). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4972/1/moambe%20XI.pdf Acad. N. Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture]''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref>
During the existence of the Institute of Language, History and Material Culture, Georgian ethnographers published monographs and ethnographic works: "Georgian Folk Ornament I: Khevsuruli",<ref>Bardavelidze, V. Chitaia, G. (1939). ''Georgian Folk Ornament. 1: Khevsuruli''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.</ref> "Calendar of Svan Folk Days I: New Year Cycle",<ref>Bardavelidze, V. (1939). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/handle/123456789/8705 Calendar of Svan Folk Days I: New Year Cycle]'' Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.</ref> "Reminiscences of a Large Family in Svaneti" <ref>Kharadze, R. (1939). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/7037/1/Didi%20Odjaxis%20gadmonashtebi%20Svanet%201939.pdf Reminiscences of a Large Family in Svaneti]''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.</ref> "Reminiscences of collective hunting in Racha",<ref>Robakidze, A. (1941). ''Reminiscences of collective hunting in Racha''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences .</ref>  "Religious texts of the Georgian mountaineers of Eastern Georgia",<ref>Bardavelidze, V. (1938). ''[http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/321462/1/Masalebi_Saqartvelos_Etnografiistvis_1938_Nakveti_I.pdf Religious texts of the Georgian mountaineers of Eastern Georgia]''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Georgian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences</ref> etc. As a result of the activities of the institute, Georgian monuments of Georgian history and foreign sources of Georgian history were published.<ref name="Institute 2" />
On May 8, 1941, by the order of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, Acad. N. Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture was divided into Institutes of Language and History. After splitting in two, until 1943 Simon Janashia was director of both institutes, and until 1947, until his death, he remained as director of the Institute of History.
==Institute of History during World War II==
The Department of Philology was responsible for the scientific-critical study of Georgian and foreign historical sources and their preparation for publication. During the Second World War, "Life of Anaseuli Kartli" was published under the editorship of [[Simon Kaukhchishvili]].
<ref>Kaukhchishvili, S. (1942). ''[http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4924/8/kartlis%20cxovreba%20anaseuli.pdf Life of Kartli: List of Anna Dedopliseuli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914162527/http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/4924/8/kartlis%20cxovreba%20anaseuli.pdf |date=2021-09-14 }}''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> Intensive work was being done in the department to translate and publish [[Persian language|Persian]] sources about Georgia.<ref name="Topuridze">{{Cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography''|location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1988|pages = 38–45|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
Archaeological excavations in [[Mtskheta]]-[[Armazi]] and western Georgia ceased in July 1941. Systematic archaeological works in [[Mtskheta]]-Armazi were resumed only in September 1943. Two years later excavations began in [[Colchis]].<ref name="Topuridze" />
During the Second World War, the Department of Ethnography worked in three directions: to study the relics of the old economy and material culture of the Georgian tribes; Study of the relics of the old social relations of the Georgian tribes and study of the relics of the spiritual culture of the Georgian tribes. In 1943 a complex ethnographic expedition was organized in [[Khevsureti]], the following year in [[Svaneti]], Khevsureti, [[Guria]] and [[Gudamaqari]], and in 1945 in Gudamakar-Khando and Upper Svaneti.<ref name="Topuridze" />
In 1943, the Institute of History, was named after Ivane Javakhishvili. In 1944–1945, departments of philosophy, Georgian musical folklore and history of Georgian [[Traditional medicine|folk medicine]] were opened at the Institute of History. In 1946, the Department of Philosophy was separated from the Institute and established as a separate institute.<ref name="Topuridze" />
==Institute of History and Ethnology==
In 1977, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography was separated from the Archaeological Department, which was established as an independent research center under the leadership of [[Otar Lordkipanidze]].<ref name="Institute 4">{{cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography'' |location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1988|pages =46–64|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
In 2006 the institute was renamed the Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology.
According to the data of 2021, the institute has five departments: History of Ancient Countries (headed by [[Levan Gordeziani]]), History and Medieval History of Georgia (headed by Mariam Chkhartishvili), New and Recent History (headed by [[Avtandil Songhulashvili]]), Ethnology of Georgia (headed by Ketevan Khucishvili) And Departments of Caucasian Ethnology (headed by Roland Topchishvili). The institute also includes an anthropological research laboratory.
==Scientific Research==
===Department of Archaeology===
Well-known archaeologists: [[Andria Apakidze]], [[Mikheil Ivashchenko]], [[Germane Gobejishvili]], [[Alexander Kalandadze]], [[Giorgi Lomtatidze]], [[Tariel Chubinishvili]], [[Giorgi Tskitishvili]] and others worked in the archaeology department. In 1937, under the leadership of [[Ivane Javakhishvili]] and [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]], the archaeological study of [[Mtskheta]] began, in 1947 - the city of [[Vani]] (under the leadership of N. Khoshtaria), 1948-1949 - Study of Ganjiskar ceramic enterprise and [[Rustavi]] town (led by Giorgi Lomtatidze), 1952 - [[Pitsunda|Bichvinta]] town (led by Andria Apakidze), 1952 - [[Khovlegori]] and 1958 - Black Sea coast.<ref name="Archaeology">{{cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, .|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography'' |location =Tbilisi|work = Metsniereba |date =1988 |pages = 117–142|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
In 1959, the Department of Archaeology was separated from the [[Masonry]] and [[Bronze Age]] (headed by Germane Gobejishvili) and the [[Ancient history|Ancient Age]] (headed by Andria Apakidze). In 1965, the Department of [[Stone Age]] and [[Medieval archaeology|Medieval Archaeology]] of Georgia was established at the institute. In 1972, the Department of Archaeological Monuments of Georgia was established, and the following year, the Department of Archaeology of the Early and [[Bronze Age|Middle Bronze Age]], the Department of Archaeology of the Late Bronze Age, and the Paleo-Urban Research Laboratory were established.<ref>"Archaeology"</ref>
In 1977, the Archaeological Research Center was established as an independent research center. Expeditions of the Old Stone Age Georgian Archaeology Department were organized in the mountains of southern Georgia, [[Tskaltsitela valley]], [[Kodori Valley|Kodori valley]] and [[Terjola Municipality|Terjola district]]. Studies on the problems of the Stone Age have been published by: Guram Grigolia,<ref>Grigolia, G. (1963). ''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Lp8zE0bA0xY_QnL6swBjA9YgvKCY6I2q/view paleolith of kvemo kartli: Buried cave Tsofi I]. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> [[Medea Nioradze]],<ref>Nioradze, M. (1975). ''Swallow Rock Cave and Upper Paleolithic of western Georgia''. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref> L. Nebieridze,<ref>Nebieradze, L. (1978). ''Darkvetis mravalperiani exi''. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref> Luiza Tsereteli<ref>Tsereteli, L. (1973). ''Mesolithic culture on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus''. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref>  and others.
Since 1969, field archaeological research of the Department of Ancient Archaeology has been carried out in [[Mtskheta]], [[Pitsunda|Bichvinta]], [[Borjomi Gorge]], [[Vani]], etc. The Department of Ancient Archaeology compiled collections: "Mtskheta" (six volumes) and "Great Pitiunti" (three volumes). Monographs were published by [[Andria Apakidze]],<ref>Apakidze, A. (1963). ''Cities and urban life in ancient Georgia''. Tbilisi: USSR Academy of Sciences.</ref> [[Guram Lordkipanidze]],<ref>Lordkipanidze, G. (1991). ''Bichvinta town''. Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Publishing House.</ref> [[Giorgi Dundua]]<ref>Dundua, G. (1979). ''Georgian coin hoards: Roman coins From Eki and Sephia.''Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref> and others.
===Department of Ethnology===
[[File:Nunu Benduqidze239.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Julieta Rukhadze in archaeological expedition, [[khevsureti]]]]
In the ethnography department of the Institute of History and Ethnology, research was conducted in different directions. [[Giorgi Chitaia]] actively studied the issues of material culture and agricultural life, who published several researches on Georgian plowing tools and farming systems, including: "Rachuli plowing", "Ksnuri mountain plow" and others.
[[Neli Bregadze]] ("Mountain Farming in Georgia"), [[Julieta Rukhadze]] ("Folk Agriculture in Western Georgia"), [[Mikheil Gegeshidze]] ("Irrigation Farming in Georgia")<ref>Gegeshidze, M. (1961). ''Irrigation farming in Georgia''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> worked on issues of agriculture, terrace farming, soil science and agro-ethnography. Viticulture and winemaking issues were studied by [[Levan Pruidze]] ("Viticulture and Enology in Georgia, I, Racha"),<ref>Pruidze, L. (1974). ''[https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/101407 Viticulture and winemaking in Georgia: according to ethnographic materials , I, Racha]''. Tbilisi: Georgian Historical Society.</ref> a. Lekiashvili, L. Gabunia and others.<ref name="Ethnic departament">{{cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography'' |location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1988|pages = 142–159|isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}</ref>
[[File:Malkhaz Abdushelishvili.jpg|150px|left|thumb|[[Malkhaz Abdushelishvili]] – One of the founders of the Georgian Anthropological School]]
Giorgi Chitaia laid the foundation for the study of residential and agricultural buildings and types of settlements based on ethnographic data. Residential buildings in different parts of Georgia were studied by [[Tinatin Ochiauri]], [[Valerian Itonishvili]] ("Residential buildings in the valley in the past and now"), Julieta Rukhadze and others. The staff of the institute also studied the mills spread in Georgia (S. Bedukadze), folk transport (Mikheil Gegeshidze),<ref>Gegeshidze, M. (1956). ''Georgian folk transport''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> Georgian [[ceramic]] ([[Luba Bochorishvili]]) <ref>Bochorishvili, L. (1949). ''Georgian Ceramic''. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> and [[metallurgy]], wooden utensils and others. From 1962 to 1968, members of the ethnography department studied cult monuments in the mountains of eastern Georgia.
From 1945 to 1953, the Department of Musical Folklore operated at the institute. Since the 1960s, work has focused on musical ethnography. The staff of the department studied Georgian songs and instruments in the historical-ethnographic aspect (Nanuli Maisuradze,<ref>Maisuradze, N. (1989). ''Georgian folk music and its historical-ethnographic aspects''. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref> Manana Shilakadze).
In 1964, the sector of Anthropology was established in the Ethnography Department, where mainly ethnogenesis and the history of the formation of races were studied. Anthropo-somatological issues of the population of Georgia and the Caucasus were also studied in the anthropology sector. In order to obtain paleoanthropological materials, anthropologists often participated in archaeological expeditions. Dermatoglyphic and odontological expeditions began in 1968.
In 1985, the study of ethnic processes foundation were laid by N. Abesadze. [[Roland Topchishvili]] worked on the issues of population migration on the territory of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. Wedding customs from different parts of Georgia were studied by [[Valerian Itonishvili]],<ref>Itonishvili, V. (1960). ''From the history of family relations of Georgian mountaineers''. Tbilisi: Publishing house and printing house of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.</ref> Rusudan Kharadze, Liana Melikishvili <ref>Melikishvili, L. (1986). ''Analysis and innovation of the structure of traditional wedding customs''. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.</ref> and others.
==Structure==
===Historical and ethnographic archive===
After the changes in the institute in 2006, a special structural unit was created: the historical and ethnographic archive. The material preserved in the departments of the institute was collected in the archive. Together with the archival fund of expeditions, the institute preserves:
====Personal Archival Fund====
The personal archives of the institute's staff are preserved in the personal archival fund, including the personal funds of [[Nanuli Abesadze]], [[Vera Bardavelidze]], [[Luba Bochorishvili]], [[Mikheil Gegeshidze]], [[Giorgi Lomtatidze]], [[Alexi Ochiauri]], [[Tinatin Ochiauri]] and others.
====Graphic Material Fund====
Measurements, sketches of Georgian and Caucasian cultural heritage monuments, religious, residential, defense and agricultural buildings are protected in the graphic material fund. The materials were made in the 1930s and 1980s.
====Music Foundation====
The foundation combines songs recorded by [[Sergi Zhgenti]], Tamar Mamaladze, [[Shalva Aslanishvili]] and an unknown recorder in different parts of Georgia. In 2005, with the support of the Ministry of Culture, Monument Protection and Sports of Georgia and the Vienna Phonogram Archive, the music fund material was fully transferred to digital trains.
====Publications====
"Kronos" is annual, multi-profile, peer-reviewed scientific journal which publishes original works on [[history]], [[ethnology]], [[Biological anthropology|physical anthropology]], [[archaeology]] and [[art history]]. The first issue of the magazine was published in 2020.<ref>Tvaradze, A. (2020). ''Kronos, 1''. Tbilisi: Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology. ISSN 2667-9477.</ref>
The collections of the Institute of History and Ethnology are: "Georgian Source Studies", "Issues of New and Recent History", "Caucasus Ethnological Collection", "Issues of Medieval History of Georgia", "Historical-Ethnological Research", "Proceedings of the Institute of History and Ethnology" and "Caucasian-Near Eastern Collection".
====Directors====
* [[Simon Janashia]] (1936-1947) <ref name="Janashia">{{cite book|author =Khoshtaria, E.|title=''Simon Janashia: Bibliography'' |location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1976 |pages = 48–49}}</ref>
* [[Nikoloz Berdzenishvili]] (1947-1965) <ref name = "Berdzenishvili" />
* [[Giorgi Melikishvili]] (1965-1999)
* [[David Muskhelishvili]] (1999-2006)
* [[Vazha Kiknadze]] (2006-2018)
* [[Giorgi Cheishvili]] (2018–present)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|author =Topuridze, Q. Miqeladze, T. Itonishvili, V. Zhordania, O.|title=''Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography''   |location =Tbilisi |work = Metsniereba |date =1988 |isbn = 5-520-00575-3}}
*Kiknadze, R. (1984). [https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/169178 Source Studies At the Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography]. Tbilisi: Science. ISSN 0132-6058. pp.&nbsp;157–168.
*Lortqipanidze, O. (1976). [http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/137389/1/Ciskari_1976_N8.pdf Archaeology at the Ivane Javakhishvili institute]. ''Ciskari''. N8. Tbilisi: Literary-artistic and socio-political magazine. ISSN 0132-6023. pp.&nbsp;127–134.
*Odisheli, J. (1971). [https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/handle/1234/168952 Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography in 1970]. Tbilisi: Science. pp.&nbsp;149–158.
*Janashia, S. (1944). [http://dspace.gela.org.ge/handle/123456789/4990 short report of Nicolai Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture, 1936-1941]. Tbilisi: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. pp.&nbsp;375–397.
==External links==
* [http://institutehist.ucoz.net/ Official Website]
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[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1917]]
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[[Category:Research institutes in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1917]]