View source for Ivinghoe

{{Distinguish|Ivanhoe}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
|official_name= Ivinghoe
|static_image_name= Ivinghoe - geograph.org.uk - 787578.jpg
|static_image_caption= Ivinghoe
|coordinates= {{coord|51.836384|-0.626118|display=inline,title}}
|population= 965
|population_ref= ([[2011 United Kingdom census|2011]])<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=E04001498|title=Ivinghoe Parish|accessdate=17 November 2021}}</ref>
|os_grid_reference= SP946162
|civil_parish= Ivinghoe
|unitary_england= [[Buckinghamshire Council|Buckinghamshire]]
|lieutenancy_england= [[Buckinghamshire]]
|region= South East England
|country= England
|post_town= LEIGHTON BUZZARD
|postcode_area=	LU
|postcode_district= LU7
|dial_code= 01296
|constituency_westminster= [[Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Buckingham]]
}}
'''Ivinghoe''' is a town and [[civil parish]] in east [[Buckinghamshire]], England, close to the borders with [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Bedfordshire]].  It is {{convert|33|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of [[London]], {{convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Tring]] and {{convert|6|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} south of [[Leighton Buzzard]], close to the village of [[Pitstone]].
==Etymology==
The town name is [[Old English|Anglo-Saxon]] in origin, and means 'Ifa's hill-spur'. The same name is found in Ivington (He) and its strong form in Iveston and Ivesley (Du).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/id/53282ee4b47fc407e3000382|title=Ivinghoe :: Survey of English Place-Names|website=epns.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref> The term "hoh" ('projecting ridge of land, a promontory' similar to German Höhe) refers probably to [[Ivinghoe Beacon]].
Allen Mawer notes that Ivinghoe is located "at the base of a considerable spur of land jutting out from the main range of the [[Chilterns]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mawer |first=A. |url=https://www.irhb.org/w/index.php/Mawer,_Allen_1925b |title=The Place-Names of Buckinghamshire (English Place-Name Society, vol. II) |last2=Stenton |first2=F.M. |publisher=Cambrídge: At the University Press |year=1925 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922221619/https://www.irhb.org/w/index.php/Mawer,_Allen_1925b |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
In the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 it was recorded as ''Evinghehou''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/SP9415/ivinghoe/|title = Ivinghoe &#124; Domesday Book}}</ref>
Other forms: Iuingeho, Hythingho, Yvyngho (xii–xiii cent.); Ivanhoe (xvii cent.)<ref name="british-history.ac.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/bucks/vol3/pp379-387|title = Parishes: Ivinghoe &#124; British History Online}}</ref>
===Ivinghoe and Ivanhoe===
[[Ivanhoe]] is an alternative form of Ivinghoe.<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/> It is the inspiration for the title of [[Walter Scott]]'s most famous novel. Ivanhoe is the feudal title of Wilfred of Ivanhoe. In the novel, [[Richard Coeur de Lion]] gives Wilfred the investiture of the Lordship of the Manor (Fief) of Ivanhoe.
Scott took the name from an old rhyme (Tring, Wing and Ivanhoe, For striking of a blow, Hampden did forego, And glad he could escape so ..”).
The form "Ivanhoe" is recorded in the Hertfordshire county sessions records for 1665. Until the creation of the Ordnance Survey in the mid 19th century many place names remained uncertain and varied. They often depended on local use and how they might have been written in various documents over time. Prof. Paul Kerswill (a linguistics specialist) writes in a private letter to Dr. Marco Paret (Lord of the Manor of Ivinghoe),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ivanhoemanor.com/|title=IVANHOE/IVINGHOE - BUCKINGAMSHIRE|website=www.ivanhoemanor.com}}</ref> that "it is very likely that older, rural people in the Ivinghoe area would have pronounced the name in the same way as Ivanhoe, also dropping the h. Something like 'ivanoe'. the suffix -ing is pronounced 'in' in most dialects in the English-speaking world - and has been for many centuries."
Sir Walter Scott most likely knew Ivinghoe directly. He stayed at “Stocks" in Berkhamsted for a short time. Berkhamsted is {{convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} from Ivinghoe.<ref>{{Cite web |orig-date=1952 |title=Some Notable Berkhampsted Women |url=https://blhms.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/beorcham_1952-07.pd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119093008/https://blhms.files.wordpress.com/2019/05/beorcham_1952-07.pdf |archive-date=19 November 2022 |access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
==Location==
Ivinghoe is situated within the [[Chiltern Hills]], on the edge of the Chilterns' [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].<ref name=AVDC>{{cite web|title=Aylesbury Vale District Council Ivinghoe Conservation Area Review, 2015|url=https://www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/page_downloads/Ivinghoe%20Adopted.pdf|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
Ivinghoe is an important point on the [[Icknield Way]], joining the Upper Icknield and Lower Icknield together. The Icknield Way is claimed to be the oldest road in Britain, dating back to the Celtic period, though this has been disputed.<ref name="Har">S. Harrison, "The Icknield Way: some queries", ''The Archaeological Journal'', 160, 1–22, 2003.</ref><ref name="Mat">K. Matthews, ''[http://www.north-herts.gov.uk/wilbury_walk.pdf Circular Walk (Wilbury Hill, Ickleford, Cadwell, Wilbury Hill)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513203607/http://www.north-herts.gov.uk/wilbury_walk.pdf |date=13 May 2008 }}''.</ref><ref name="Bra">R. Bradley, [http://thehumanjourney.net/pdf_store/sthames/phase%202/Neolithic%20and%20Early%20Bronze%20Age%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf ''Solent Thames Research Assessment – the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age''], 2008.</ref><ref name="Cla">W.G. Clarke ''In Breckland Wilds'', Heffer, Cambridge; 2nd edition, 1937; p.67.</ref><ref name="Rhi">Rhiannon, ''[http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/post/68722/miscellaneous/icknield_way.html The Icknield Way: Miscellaneous]'', 2008.</ref> Today the village is known as a starting point on [[The Ridgeway]], a popular route for hikers and cyclists which uses part of the Icknield Way, running for {{convert|87|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} to [[Overton Hill]] in [[Wiltshire]].
'''Ivinghoe Aston''' is a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] within the [[parish]] of Ivinghoe. Its name refers to a farm to the east of the town. The hamlet has four farms, several houses and a [[public house]], ''The Village Swan'', which was bought by local residents in 1997.<ref name=VillageSwan>{{cite web|title=The Village Swan website|url=https://www.thevillageswan.net/|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
A small stream called [[Whistle Brook]] flows down through the hamlet, from the Chilterns above, to join the [[River Ouzel]] at nearby [[Slapton, Buckinghamshire|Slapton]].
Other hamlets close to Ivinghoe are Ford End and '''Great Gap'''.
==Buildings==
[[File:St Mary the Virgin, Ivinghoe.jpeg|thumb|left|240px| St Mary's Church, Ivinghoe, from the north-east]]
The [[St Mary the Virgin, Ivinghoe|Church of St Mary the Virgin, Ivinghoe]] dates from 1220 but was set on fire in 1234 in an act of spite against the local [[Bishop]]. The church was rebuilt in 1241.
The town has some fine examples of [[Tudor architecture]], particularly around the [[village green]], with 28 buildings marked as listed or significant.<ref name="AVDC"/>
[[Ivinghoe Beacon]], near the town, is an ancient [[beacon]], or signal point, which was used in times of crisis to send messages across the country and is now popular with walkers who just want to get exercise and see the view. It is used as a site for flying model aeroplanes. The hill is the site of an early [[Iron Age]] [[hill fort]] which, during excavations in the 1960s, was identified from bronzework finds to date back to the Bronze-Iron transition period between 800 and 700 BC. Like many other similar hill forts in the [[Chilterns]] it is thought to have been occupied for only a short period, possibly less than one generation.
Nearby is [[Pitstone Windmill]], the oldest windmill in Britain that can be dated, which is owned by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]].<ref name=Windmill>{{cite web|title=National Trust: Pitstone Windmill|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/pitstone-windmill|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
The population of Ivinghoe in 1841 was 740.<ref>''The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol.III'', London, (1847), Charles Knight, p.898</ref>
==Lords of the Manor==
The manor of Ivinghoe belonged before the [[Norman Conquest]] to the demesne of the church of St Peter of Winchester, and at the time of the Domesday Survey it was still held by the bishop, being assessed for 20 hides and valued at £18. It is listed in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as “Evinghehou”.
Succeeding bishops held the manor until the reign of [[Henry VIII]]. Lords included [[William Giffard]], [[Henry of Blois]], [[Godfrey de Luci]], [[John Gervais]], [[Nicholas of Ely]], [[John of Pontoise]], [[John de Stratford]], Cardinal [[Henry Beaufort]], [[William Waynflete]], and [[Richard Foxe]]. In 1531 William Cholmeley was appointed to be bailiff of Ivinghoe, which had come into the king's hands by the forfeiture of Cardinal [[Thomas Wolsey]], who was BoBishop of Winchester. It was, however, restored to the bishopric almost at once to Bishop [[Stephen Gardiner]], and so remained until in 1551, when John Poynet, bishop, surrendered it to the King. In the following month Edward VI made a grant in fee of the manor to Sir [[John Mason (diplomat)]], kt., and Elizabeth his wife.
After the death of [[Edward VI]] and the flight of Poynet, Ivinghoe, with other episcopal manors, was regranted to the see of Winchester, but was again taken by the Crown at the accession of Elizabeth, the grant to Mason apparently holding good, passing to his son Anthony.
'''The Egerton Family and Ivinghoe'''
Anthony Mason held the manor in 1582 and in 1586 alienated the manor to Charles Glenham who sold it in 1589 to Lady Jane Cheyne, widow of Henry Lord Cheyne. In 1603 she conveyed the manor to Ralph Crewe, Thomas Chamberlayn and Richard Cartwright, trustees for the Egertons, and Sir [[Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley]], and Sir [[John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater]], his son and heir, received Ivinghoe from the trustees in 1604.
Lord Ellesmere, who also bore the title of Viscount Brackley, died seised of the manor in 1617. In the same year his son was created Earl of Bridgewater and the manor descended with this title until the latter became extinct in 1829.
By the will of the seventh earl, who died in 1823, the estates were then held by his widow until her death in 1849, when they devolved upon his great-nephew [[John Egerton, Viscount Alford]], father of the second Earl Brownlow, from whom the title and lands descended to the Barons Brownlow. The sixth Baron, notably served as a [[Lord-in-waiting]] to the [[Prince of Wales]] (later [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VIII]]), as Mayor of [[Grantham]], as [[Parliamentary Private Secretary]] to the [[Minister of Aircraft Production]] [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]] and as [[Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire]]. {{As of|2017}} the titles are held by his son, the seventh Baron, who succeeded in 1978. Edward John Peregrine Cust (b.1936), CStJ, seventh Baron Brownlow, is the immediate past Lord of the Manor of Ivinghoe. He married Shirlie Edith Yeomans (b.1937), daughter of John Paske Yeomans and Marguerite Watkins, on 31 December 1964. The seventh Baron Brownlow is the last of the direct Egerton line to have hold the Manor of Ivinghoe. Actual Lord of the Manor is Dr. Marco Paret that succeeded to an Egerton descendent. The Lord of the Manor has still the right to hold the customary Courts Baron and Court Leet as permitted by Administration of Justice Act 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3871117|title = Other Notices &#124; the Gazette}}</ref>
==On Film==
Scenes for feature films, such as [[Quatermass 2]], [[Batman Begins]],
[[Maleficent (film)|Maleficent]], [[The Dirty Dozen]], [[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)]], [[Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker]] as well as the [[BBC America]] production [[Killing Eve]], have been shot at Ivinghoe Beacon.<ref name=Filming>{{cite web|title=Leighton Buzzard Observer: Road closure today as BBC America drama filmed around Ivinghoe Beacon and residents warned about gun shots|url=https://www.leightonbuzzardonline.co.uk/news/road-closure-today-as-bbc-america-drama-filmed-around-ivinghoe-beacon-and-residents-warned-about-gun-shots-1-8188145|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707173233/https://www.leightonbuzzardonline.co.uk/news/road-closure-today-as-bbc-america-drama-filmed-around-ivinghoe-beacon-and-residents-warned-about-gun-shots-1-8188145 |access-date=2023-02-13|archive-date=7 July 2018 }}</ref> Director Raymond Austin filmed the 1960s-1970's TV shows [[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]], [[The New Avengers (TV series)|The New Avengers]] and [[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]] in and around the village,<ref name=Avengers>{{cite web|title=Avengerland TV location guide|url=http://avengerland.theavengers.tv/b.htm|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> which once also served as a set for the children's TV series [[ChuckleVision]].
== Schools ==
Brookmead School is a mixed, [[Foundation school|foundation]] [[primary school]] in Ivinghoe. It takes children from the age of four through to the age of eleven. The school has 340 pupils.<ref name=Brookmead>{{cite web|title=Brookmead School website|url=https://sites.google.com/a/brookmead.net/brookmead-school-website/|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ivinghoe}}
* [http://www.ivinghoe.co.uk/ Village Website]
* [http://www.ivinghoe-church.org/ St Mary the Virgin Church Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090923145202/http://learning.brookmead.bucks.sch.uk/ Brookmead School]
{{Aylesbury Vale}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Ivinghoe| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Buckinghamshire]]
[[Category:Hill forts in Buckinghamshire]]