View source for Izeh

{{Short description|City in Khuzestan province, Iran}}
{{for|the administrative division of Khuzestan province|Izeh County}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                    = Izeh
|native_name             = {{langx|fa|ايذه}}
|native_name_lang        = fa
|settlement_type         = City
|image_skyline           = Kul-e Farah I.jpg
|imagesize               =
|image_alt               =
|image_caption           = [[Kul-e Farah]]
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|image_map               =
|map_alt                 =
|map_caption             =
|pushpin_map             = Iran
|pushpin_map_alt         =
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|coordinates             = {{Coord|31|49|45|N|49|52|07|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes   = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=31.829167&mlon=49.868611&zoom=15#map=15/31.8292/49.8686 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Izeh, Izeh County |date=1 April 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type        = Country
|subdivision_name        = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1       = [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]]
|subdivision_type2       = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2       = [[Izeh County|Izeh]]
|subdivision_type3       = [[Bakhsh|District]]
|subdivision_name3       = [[Central District (Izeh County)|Central]]
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|unit_pref               = Metric
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|population_footnotes    = <ref name="2016 census"/>
|population_as_of        = 2016
|population_total        = 119399
|population_density_km2  = auto
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|timezone                = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset              = +3:30
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|website                 = {{URL|http://www.izehpress.com}}
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'''Izeh''' ({{langx|fa|ايذه}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Eazeh''' and '''Īz̄eh'''; also known as '''Idhaj''', '''Izaj''', '''Malāmir''', '''Malemir''', and '''Malmir'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3067328}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Izeh County)|Central District]] of [[Izeh County]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Khuzestan Structure">{{cite web |title =  Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz |language = fa |website = Islamic Parliament Research Center |url = https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140717093724/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029 |publisher = Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board |last = Habibi |first = Hassan |archive-date = 17 July 2014 |access-date = 25 January 2024}}</ref>
Izeh has mines of rocks and minerals. It is famous for its dam and ancient monuments that are located in [[Kul-e Farah]], [[Eshkaft-e Salman]], Khongazhdar, [[Tagh e Tavileh]], [[Shir-e Sangi]] (Stone Lion cemetery), [[Shahsavar, Khuzestan|Shahsavar]] relief, Khong e Kamalvand, Khong e Ajdar, Khong e Yaralivand, ghalesard village (Qalesard), and [[Sheyvand]] relief.
== History ==
From the works found in Izeh, including Elamite paintings and reliefs (the first sculptures of ancient Iran before the Achaemenid period), it can be concluded that it was an important center during the Elamite period. These works are divided into two categories of old and new works of Elam, which are as follows: Old Elam period: This period belongs to the Anzan dynasty, which was destroyed several times by the ruler of Ur. [14] The remaining works from this period are as follows. :
Shaheswar relief: Shaheswar is an ancient place in the outskirts of Izeh, where there are ancient works, including a relief belonging to the old Elam period (20th century BC). This relief most likely represents a public scene of a king or an expression of servitude before a god.
The relief of Khong Azdar: This place is also known as Khong Nowrozi and it is located near Miangaran Lake (12 km north of Izeh) whose reliefs are carved like Shaheswar.
Period of New Elam: Izeh was called "Ayapir" in the period of New Elam [source needed] and its kings ruled independently under Sukhalmahu, the prime minister of Elam. The government of Elam in this era was in the form of a union and was administered by a number of independent local governments.[15]
The works of this course are:
Kul Farah (Kul Farah): Kul Farah is a valley-like survey in the mountains around the plain, located 7 km northeast of Izeh, which was used as an open prayer place in the era of New Elam. In this gap, 6 reliefs along with Elamite (cuneiform) writings provide valuable historical information. Most of these reliefs commemorate the religious ceremonies or feasts of Hani Shah, the son of Tahi Hei (Takhi Hei), the puppet ruler of Ayapir by Shutruk Nahunte. Among the interesting points of these reliefs, we can mention the religious customs of Elam, where priests are sacrificing animals and musicians are playing music, and people or elders are in a special state (perhaps a state of trance) in praying and carrying the gods. [16]
Shaheswar relief: It is one of the oldest reliefs from the Elam period, which is carved at the end of the road leading to the village of Kohbad Ik in the heart of the mountain. Shaheswar cemetery, one of the ancient cemeteries covered with stone lions of Bakhtiari region, is located in this village.
Ashkeft Salman: It is a gorge in Mount Elhak located in the southwest of Izeh. In this gorge, there are four reliefs, all of which belong to Hani, which mostly refers to the royal family and gods. In this ancient place, there was once a "Tarisha" prayer house.
According to some historical narratives, after entering Iran and stopping in Hamedan, Alexander was deeply disturbed by the death of his young general Hephaestion and ordered to trim the manes of the horses and mules and erect the congresses of the towers and ramparts. Then the unseen Wei Wei called Hephaestion a demigod on behalf of Jupiter and demanded a sacrifice for his forgiveness. Finally, in order to find solace in the war, Alexander went to the land of the Kusians and after subduing them, he organized a manhunt and ordered to kill everyone, leaving no difference between men and women, big and small, and called this terrible butchery the burial sacrifice of Hephaestion. This incident happened in Bakhtiari mountains in Izeh.[17]
From this era and then from the Party era, several statues and some reliefs and... have remained. From this time on, Izeh was run independently and was called Elimayd. The works of this course are:
Khong Yar Alivand: In this ancient site, which is located 3 km from Khong Ajdar, there is a relief including two people from Elimai in a ritual ceremony.
Khong Kamal Vand: This ancient site is located 4 kilometers north of Khong Yar Ali Vand and has a relief along with an Elimian inscription.
Khong Ajdar: [18] (142 BC) right behind the stone slab where the relief of old Elam was, there is a relief belonging to the Parthian period, which is Mehrdad I (source: matching the image of Shah Drangarkand Khong Ajdar with the image of Mehrdad I Parthian coin) It shows the Parthian king with Elymai high-ranking people.
Kazhdemak Castle: In the heights of Khong Atzdar, there is a castle made of stone, clay, and clay with crescent and stone arches, which is known as "Kazhdemak Castle" in this area. This castle was probably abandoned during the time of Ardeshir Sassanid.
[19] And for the first time they were the ones who called Izeh Malmir or Mal Amir (Malek Amir): [20]
"We left from Tester (Sushtar). We walked through the high mountains for three days until we reached the city of Izeh, Izeh is also called the Mall of the Amir.
The works of Atabakan Ler period is a stone structure that was exposed in Ashkeft Salman after excavation. After the fall of the Atabakan government in 857 AH. Qaizeh began to fall into disrepair and its inhabitants turned to wandering. [22] Also, the works of the Ilkhanid and Mughal eras from the ancient site called Atabki Taq Tavaleh citadel in the form of stone-plaster construction with plastering and tiling works are available in the current city of Izeh. has come From the Safavid period, there is a cemetery with stone lions in Shaheswar, which of course were used until the Qajar period.
==Demographics==
===Ethnicity===
The population of Izeh mainly consists of [[Bakhtiaris]].{{cn|date=June 2024}}
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 103,695 in 20,127 households.<ref name="2006 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) | page = 06 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls | access-date = 25 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920093911/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/06.xls | format = Excel | archive-date = 20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 170,093 people in 27,084 households.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) | page = 06 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = Syracuse University | url = https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230118191739/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Khuzestan.xls | archive-date = 18 January 2023 | access-date = 19 December 2022 | format = Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 119,399 people in 30,066 households.<ref name="2016 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) | page = 06 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx | access-date = 19 December 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201021081917/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx | format = Excel | archive-date = 21 October 2020}}</ref>
== Climate ==
Izeh has a [[Hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csa'') with scorching, rainless summers and comfortable, somewhat wet winters with cold and often freezing mornings.
{{Weather box|location = Izeh (1993-2005)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|width = auto
|Jan record high C = 24.0
|Feb record high C = 24.0
|Mar record high C = 29.0
|Apr record high C = 35.4
|May record high C = 42.0
|Jun record high C = 46.0
|Jul record high C = 46.6
|Aug record high C = 45.8
|Sep record high C = 42.6
|Oct record high C = 37.8
|Nov record high C = 32.0
|Dec record high C = 27.2
|Jan high C = 14.2
|Feb high C = 15.9
|Mar high C = 19.3
|Apr high C = 25.4
|May high C = 32.9
|Jun high C = 39.1
|Jul high C = 41.4
|Aug high C = 41.7
|Sep high C = 37.5
|Oct high C = 31.1
|Nov high C = 22.1
|Dec high C = 16.9
|Jan mean C = 9.5
|Feb mean C = 10.6
|Mar mean C = 13.4
|Apr mean C = 18.6
|May mean C = 24.7
|Jun mean C = 30.1
|Jul mean C = 33.1
|Aug mean C = 32.9
|Sep mean C = 28.3
|Oct mean C = 23.0
|Nov mean C = 15.9
|Dec mean C = 11.7
|Jan low C = 4.8
|Feb low C = 5.2
|Mar low C = 7.5
|Apr low C = 11.7
|May low C = 16.4
|Jun low C = 21.0
|Jul low C = 24.8
|Aug low C = 24.1
|Sep low C = 19.2
|Oct low C = 14.9
|Nov low C = 9.7
|Dec low C = 6.6
|Jan record low C = -6.8
|Feb record low C = -3.8
|Mar record low C = -0.4
|Apr record low C = 1.6
|May record low C = 7.6
|Jun record low C = 12.0
|Jul record low C = 18.8
|Aug record low C = 14.6
|Sep record low C = 13.6
|Oct record low C = 5.2
|Nov record low C = -1.2
|Dec record low C = -1.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 154.5
|Feb rain mm = 106.9
|Mar rain mm = 121.0
|Apr rain mm = 63.5
|May rain mm = 11.8
|Jun rain mm = 0.6
|Jul rain mm = 1.1
|Aug rain mm = 0.6
|Sep rain mm = 0.1
|Oct rain mm = 6.8
|Nov rain mm = 84.6
|Dec rain mm = 142.6
|source = [https://irimo.ir]
}}
== Notable people ==
*[[Iman Mobali]] Iranian retired football player and coach
*[[Pouya Dadmarz]] Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler
*[[Ramin Taheri]] Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler
*[[Aref Aghasi]] Iranian footballer
*[[Iman Mohammadi]] Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler
*[[Behrouz Jamshidi]] Iranian Greco-Roman wrestler
*[[Safdar Hosseini]] Iranian academic and politician
*[[Ali Landi]] student who saved the lives of two elderly women in a fire<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran pays tribute to teen hero who died after saving women in fire|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2021/09/25/Iran-pays-tribute-to-teen-hero-who-died-after-saving-women-in-fire|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Al Arabiya English|date=25 September 2021|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Ali Salehi]] Iranian poet and writer
*[[Mahmoud Rahmani]] Iranian documentary filmmaker
*[[Sajjad Kouchaki]] Iranian retired
*[[ Barat Ghobadian]]
Iranian Professor of Biosystems Engineering at Tarbiat Modarres University – Head of the Departemen
officer
==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ideh IḎEH], Encyclopædia Iranica
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070328143128/http://www.ostan-kz.ir/gallery-en.html Izeh Photo Gallery from the Khuzestan Governorship]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120701140301/http://www.fravahr.org/spip.php?article139 Ayapir] at fravahr.org
{{Authority control}}
{{Khuzestan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Izeh County|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Cities in Khuzestan province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Izeh County]]
{{Izeh-geo-stub}}