View source for Jackdaw

{{Short description|Two species of bird}}
{{Other uses|Jackdaw (disambiguation)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name =
| image = Western_Jackdaw_and_Daurian_Jackdaw.jpg
| image_caption = Left to right: [[Daurian jackdaw]] (''Coloeus dauuricus'') and [[Western jackdaw]] (''C. monedula'')
| taxon = Coloeus
| authority = [[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1829<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/skizzirteentwick01kaup#page/114/mode/2up/|page=114 |title=Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt : Erster Theil welcher die Vogelsäugethiere und Vögel nebst Andeutung der Entstehung der letzteren aus Amphibien enthält| author=Kaup, J. J. | publisher=Carl Wilhelm Leste |place=Darmstadt und Leipzig| year=1829}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
*''[[Daurian jackdaw|C. dauuricus]]''
*''[[Western jackdaw|C. monedula]]''
}}
'''Jackdaws''' are two species of bird in the genus '''''Coloeus''''' closely related to, but generally smaller than, [[crow]]s and [[raven]]s (''[[Corvus]]''). They have a blackish crown, wings, and tail, with the rest of their plumage paler.<ref name = madge2>Madge & Burn (1994) 136–138.</ref> The word ''Coloeus'' is [[Neo-Latin]], from the [[Ancient Greek]] for jackdaws: ''{{transliteration|grc|koloiós}}'' ({{lang|grc|κολοιός}}).<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Cancik|editor1-first=Hubert|editor2-last=Schneider|editor2-first=Helmuth|title=[[Brill's New Pauly]]|date=2006|publisher=Brill|chapter=Crow|quote=the jackdaw ({{lang|grc|κολοιός}}/ ''{{transliteration|grc|koloiós}}'', {{lang|grc|βωμωλόχος}}/ ''{{transliteration|grc|bōmōlóchos}}'', Lat. ''{{lang|la|monedula}}'' or ''{{lang|la|graculus}}''.)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Composition of Scientific Words: A Manual of Methods and a Lexicon of Materials for the Practice of Logotechnics|last=Brown|first=R. W.|author-link=Roland W. Brown |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |date=1954|page=219|url=https://archive.org/stream/compositionofsci00brow#page/219/mode/1up/search/jackdaw}}</ref> They come from Asia, Europe, Africa and Siberia.
==Taxonomy==
While some authors consider ''Coloeus'' a subgenus of ''Corvus'', others have classified ''Coloeus'' as a distinct genus in the family Corvidae.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Phylogeographic patterns in widespread corvid birds |year=2007 |last1=Haring |first1=E. |last2=Gamauf |first2=A. |last3=Kryukov |first3=A. |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=840–862 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.016 |pmid=17920300}}</ref> Following ''[[Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide]]'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide |first=Pamela&nbsp;C. |last=Rasmussen |first2=John&nbsp;C. |last2=Anderton |publisher=Lynx Edicions |year=2005 |isbn=978-84-87334-67-2}}</ref> the [[International Ornithological Congress]] has also reassigned the two Jackdaw species from the genus ''Corvus'' to the genus ''Coloeus''.<ref>{{cite web |editor1=Gill, F. |editor2=Donsker, D. |work=IOC World Bird List (version 2.8) |title=Vireos, Crows & Allies |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-vireos.html |access-date=June 10, 2011 |archive-date=September 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917184945/http://www.worldbirdnames.org/n-vireos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Species===
{{Species table |genus=Coloeus  |authority-name=[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]] |authority-year=1829 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name=[[western jackdaw]] |binomial=[[Coloeus monedula]]
|image=File:Галка (Corvus monedula), Царицыно.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range=  breeds in Europe, northern Asia and Northern Africa<ref name = madge2/>
|range-image=File:Corvus monedula distribution de.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=[[Daurian jackdaw]] |binomial=[[Coloeus dauuricus]]
|image=File:Coloeus dauuricus, adult, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan 3.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Pallas|authority-year=1776 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= from [[China]] and eastern [[Siberia]] to [[Japan]]
|range-image=File:Corvus dauricus map.jpg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}
The eastern species is smaller than the western jackdaw, and in eastern adults, the pale areas of the plumage are almost white, whereas in the western bird, these areas are pale grey. The iris is pale in western jackdaw and dark in Daurian jackdaw. The two species are otherwise very similar in shape, calls, and behaviour. There is an argument for lumping the subgenus members as one species, but they do not interbreed where their ranges meet in [[Mongolia]].<ref name = madge2/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last = Madge | first = Steve |author2=Burn, Hilary |title = Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays and Magpies of the World | year = 1994 | publisher = [[A & C Black]] | isbn = 0-7136-3999-7}}
{{Corvides|Co.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1234846}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Coloeus| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johann Jakob Kaup]]