View source for Jeongjong, 3rd monarch of Goryeo

{{Short description|3rd King of Goryeo (r. 945–949)}}
{{For|the 10th Korean monarch during the [[Goryeo Dynasty]]|Jeongjong, 10th monarch of Goryeo}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name           =Jeongjong<br>{{lang|ko|정종}}<br>{{lang|ko|定宗}}
|title          =
|image          =
|caption        =
|succession     =[[List of monarchs of Korea|King]] of [[Goryeo]]
|reign          =23 October 945 – 13 April 949
|coronation     =945<br />[[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]], [[Goryeo]]
|predecessor    =[[Hyejong of Goryeo]]
|successor      =[[Gwangjong of Goryeo]]
|spouse         =[[Queen Mungong]]<br />[[Queen Munseong]]
|spouse-type    =[[Queen Consort]]
|spouses        =[[Lady Cheongjunam]]won
|spouses-type   =[[Concubine|Consort]]
|issue          =[[Prince Gyeongchunwon]]<br />Princess Wang
|posthumous name=
*Great King Jideok Janggyeong Jeongsuk '''Munmyeong'''<br />(지덕장경정숙'''문명'''대왕, 至德章敬正肅'''文明'''大王; original)
*Great King Jangwon Gangyeong Yeongin Jeongsuk Janggyeong '''Munmyeong'''<br />(장원간경영인정숙장경'''문명'''대왕, 莊元簡敬令仁正肅章敬'''文明'''大王; final)
|temple name    = '''Jeongjong''' ({{Korean|hangul=정종|hanja=定宗|labels=no}})
|house          = [[House of Wang|Wang]]
|dynasty        = [[Goryeo]]
|father         =[[Taejo of Goryeo]]
|mother         =[[Queen Sinmyeongsunseong|Queen Sinmyeong]]
|birth_name     =Wang Yo
|birth_date     =923
|birth_place    =[[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]], [[Goryeo|State of Goryeo]], [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]]
|death_date     ={{death date and age|949|4|13|923|df=yes}}
|death_place    =Jeseok-won, Gaegyeong, [[Goryeo]]
|burial_place   =Alleung ({{Korean|hangul=안릉|hanja=安陵|labels=no}})
|religion       = [[Buddhism]]
|module         = {{Infobox Korean name
|title=Korean name
|hangul=정종
|hanja=定宗
|rr=Jeongjong
|mr=Chŏngjong
|hangulph=문명{{linktext|대왕}}
|hanjaph={{linktext|文|明|大王}}
|rrph=Munmyeong Daewang
|mrph=Munmyŏng Taewang
|hangulborn=왕요
|hanjaborn=王堯
|rrborn=Wang Yo
|mrborn=Wang Yo
|hangulja=천의
|hanjaja=天義
|rrja=Cheonui
|mrja=Ch'ŏnŭi
|child=yes
}}
}}
'''Jeongjong''' ({{Korean|hangul=정종|hanja=定宗}}; 923 – 13 April 949), personal name '''Wang Yo''', was the third king of the [[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]] of Korea. He was the third son of [[Taejo of Goryeo|King Taejo]], the dynastic founder.
==Reign==
Jeongjong rose to the throne after his half-brother [[Hyejong of Goryeo|King Hyejong]] died, and set to reducing the power of various royal in-laws, including [[Wang Gyu]] and [[Pak Sul-hui]]. However, lacking the support of the [[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]] elites, he was unable to substantially strengthen the throne.
In 946, he spent 70,000 sacks of grain from the royal storehouses to support [[Korean Buddhism|Buddhism]] in the country. In 947, he had the fortress of [[Pyongyang]] constructed as the country's Western Capital. He sought to move the capital from Gaegyeong to Pyongyang like his father had desired, as Jeongjong believed that in order to restore Goguryeo's old territories, the capital should be moved further north.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ko:고려 정종과 서경 천도 |url=https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=k&menu_cate=history&id=&board_seq=41688&page=11&board_code= |access-date=20 January 2024 |agency=KBS World |date=November 15, 2014}}</ref> However, Jeongjong was not successful in his attempts due to opposition from the nobility based in [[Kaesong|Gaegyeong]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ko:고려 정종과 서경 천도 |url=https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=k&menu_cate=history&id=&board_seq=41688&page=11&board_code= |access-date=20 January 2024 |agency=KBS World |date=November 15, 2014}}</ref>
Jeongjong became paranoid however that people inside the palace were conspiring to kill him and he then started to go insane. After four years of his reign, he died just after he signed a royal decree to make his brother, the fourth prince Wang So (known as [[Gwangjong of Goryeo|Gwangjong]]), king instead of his son.
{{Goryeo monarchs}}
==Family==
*Father: [[Taejo of Goryeo]] (31 January 877 – 4 July 943)
*Mother[[Queen Sinmyeongsunseong|: Queen Sinmyeongsunseong, of the Chungju Yu clan]]
*Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
#[[Queen Mungong|Queen Mungong of the Suncheon Pak clan]] – No issue.
#[[Queen Munseong|Queen Munseong of the Suncheon Pak clan]]
##''[[Prince Gyeongchunwon]], 1st son''
##''Princess Wang ({{Korean|hangul=공주 왕씨|labels=no}}), 2nd daughter''
#[[Lady Cheongjunam|Lady Cheongjunamwon of the Cheongju Kim clan]] – No issue.
==In popular culture==
* Portrayed by Kim Young-chan in the 2000–2002 [[KBS1]] TV series ''[[Taejo Wang Geon (TV series)|Taejo Wang Geon]]''
*Portrayed by [[Choi Jae-sung]] in the 2002–2003 [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] TV series ''[[The Dawn of the Empire]]''.
* Portrayed by [[Ryu Seung-soo]] in the 2015 [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] TV series ''[[Shine or Go Crazy]]''.
* Portrayed by [[Hong Jong-hyun]] in the 2016 [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] TV series ''[[Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo]].''
* Portrayed by [[Lee Dong-wook]] in the 2016 [[Total Variety Network|TVN]] TV series ''[[Guardian: The Lonely and Great God]].''
==See also==
*[[List of Korean monarchs]]
*[[Jeongjong, 10th Monarch of Goryeo]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000893482|script-title=ko:정종|publisher=[[Doosan Encyclopedia]]|language=Korean}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Wang]]||923|13 April|949}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hyejong of Goryeo|Hyejong]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of monarchs of Korea|King of Goryeo]]|years=945–949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gwangjong of Goryeo|Gwangjong]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Rulers of Goryeo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeongjong, 3rd Monarch Of Goryeo}}
[[Category:Goryeo Buddhists]]
[[Category:923 births]]
[[Category:949 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century Korean monarchs]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]
[[Category:Korean Buddhist monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Kaesong]]