View source for Jerzy Radziwiłł (1556–1600)

{{Short description|Polish-Lithuanian magnate}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name =
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| title = [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]], [[Bishop of Vilnius]]
| image = Cardinal Jerzy Radziwiłł.PNG
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| church = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
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| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius|Vilnius]]
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| term = 1579-1600
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| other_post = [[Archbishop of Kraków|Bishop of Kraków]] (1591-1600)<br>[[San Sisto Vecchio|Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto]]<br>(1586-1600)
| ordination = 10 April 1583
| ordained_by = [[Cyprian Wiliński]]
| consecration = 26 December 1583
| consecrated_by = [[Alberto Bolognetti]]
| cardinal = 12 December 1583
| rank = [[Cardinal-Priest]]
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Gregory XIII]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 31 May 1556
| birth_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
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| death_date = 21 January 1600 (aged 43)
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
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}}
Prince '''Jerzy Radziwiłł''' ({{langx|lt|Jurgis Radvila}}; 31 May 1556 – 21 January 1600) was a [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] [[Magnates of Poland and Lithuania|magnate]] and Imperial [[Reichsfürst]] from the [[Radziwiłł family]]. He was ordained a Catholic priest and later rose through the ranks as [[Bishop of Vilnius]] eventually becoming a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]]. He was a close friend and adviser of King [[Sigismund III of Poland|Sigismund III]] and represented his interests in front of the [[Pope]].
Raised a [[Calvinist]], Radziwiłł was educated at the [[University of Leipzig]]. In 1572 he converted to [[Catholicism]] and became associated with the [[Jesuits]].<ref name=el/> He continued to study at Jesuit colleges in [[Poznań]], [[Vilnius]], and [[Rome]]. Radziwiłł began his duties as [[Bishop of Vilnius]] in 1579.<ref name=el/> He established [[Vilnius Seminary]] and helped to obtain university status for the [[Vilnius University|Jesuit Academy in Vilnius]].  He was ordained to the priesthood (10 April 1583) and was not consecrated bishop until 26 December 1583. He was elevated to the cardinalate by [[Pope Gregory XIII]] only on 12 December 1583 and was assigned the ''titulus'' of S. Sisto on 14 July 1586. He did not participate in the [[1585 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Sixtus V]]; or the [[September 1590 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Urban VII]]; or the [[October–December 1590 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Gregory XIV]]. In 1591, he became [[Bishop of Kraków]]. He did participate in the [[1591 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Innocent IX]];  and in the [[1592 papal conclave]], which elected [[Pope Clement VIII]].<ref>[http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1591.html Conclaves of 1591 and 1592 (J. P. Adams)]</ref>
Radziwiłł was also involved in political life. He served as deputy administrator (''namiestnik'') of [[Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)|Polish Livonia]] (Inflanty) from 1582 until 1585. He participated in the [[1587 Polish–Lithuanian royal election|1587 election]] of King Sigismund III Vasa and became his trusted adviser. Radziwiłł supported the Third [[Statute of Lithuania]] (1588) and the [[Union of Brest]] (1596).<ref name=el/>
He came to Rome to participate in the Jubilee of 1600, but died in Rome on 21 January and was buried in the [[Church of the Gesu]].<ref name=el/><ref>V. Forcella, ''Inscrizione delle chiese di Roma'' X, p. 463, no. 746.</ref>
== Works ==
[[File:Jerzy Radziwill ordered ciborium and gifted chalice.jpg|thumb|Jerzy Radziwiłł ordered [[Ciborium (container)|ciborium]] and gifted [[chalice]], 16th century]]
*"Diary of a trip to Italy in 1575." Wierzbowski diary published in Latin in 1899.
*The Notebook ... from 1556 to 1575, ed. T. Wierzbowski, Warsaw 1899, ''Library of Forgotten Polish poets and prose writers of the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries'', Volume 12 (description in English. Livonia to join Latin Polish)
*Official trip to Italy ... in 1575 (in Polish. Latin), ed. H. Barycz Historical Quarterly 1935-copy manuscript: Czartoryski Library No. 2242, pp.&nbsp;369–379.
*Letters to the pope, the Nuncio (Possewina?) And the Secretariat of State in the years 1575–1591, manuscripts Archives Vatican (news reported P. Savio "De actis Nuntiaturae Poloniae quae partem Archivi Secretariatus constituunt status", the Vatican in 1947, Theological Studies XIII, page 104 -106, 121.
*Individual letters from the years 1582–1583 to A. Bolognettiego and A. Possewina, ed. E. Kuntze and C. Nanke, Poloniae Monumenta Vaticana, Volume 5 (1923/1933), E. Kuntze Poloniae Monumenta Vaticana, Vol 6 (1938)
*The S. Sokolowski, dates. 2 August 1583 in Riga, ed. F. Bracha "Science S. Sokolowski has the characteristics of the true church," Our past 1947, vol 2, p 133.
*Letters from the years 1587–1597 to the Duke of Mantua, manuscripts Archivio di Stato in Mantua (news reported E. Czapski "Documents anglais dans les archives des Gonzagues à Mantoue", ''Antemurale'' (Rome), Vol 3 (1956).
*Single list of the years 1578, 1581 to 1583 from: Stefan Batory, A. Bolognettiego, Gregory XIII, ed. L. Boratyński ''Poloniae Monumenta Vaticana'', Volume 4 (1915), E. Kuntze and C. Nanke, ''Monumenta Vaticana Poloniae'', Vol 5 (1923/1933), E. Kuntze ''Poloniae Monumenta Vaticana'', Vol 6 (1938).
*More than a dozen letters from the years 1578–1585 by J. Zamoyski, Ref.No. W. Nehring "Letters to the Radziwill Jan Zamoyski of the 1574–1602" ''Historical Quarterly'' 1890.
*From P. Complaints dates. 13 January 1588 in Kraków, ed. WA Maciejowski ''Polish Literature'', Vol 3 extra, Warszawa 1852, pp.&nbsp;181–183.
*From Sigismund III, dates. 18 July in Kraków, 14 December 1588 from genista, ed. JU Niemcewicz Collection of historical memoirs of former Polszcze, Volume 2, Warsaw 1822, pp.&nbsp;466–469.
*From Sigismund III, dates. 11 March 1592 in Kraków, ed. T. Wierzbowski ''Materials on the history of Polish literature'', Volume 1, Warszawa 1900, pp.&nbsp;301–302.
*Letter from Garsias Alabianusa, dates. in Cracow, 4 June 1595 and the three documents concerning the visit of bishops from the years 1594 to 1599, Ref.No. F. Machay pastoral activity Radziwill Cardinal, Bishop of Cracow (1591–1600), Kraków 1936
For extra knowledge of letters and materials, see.: F. Machay pastoral activity Cardinal Radziwill, Bishop of Cracow (1591–1600), Kraków 1936 extra, O. Halecki "From florence to Brest (1439–1596)," ''The Sacred Poloniae Millennium'', t 5 (1958).
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=el>{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Simas Sužiedėlis | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Lituanica]] | title=Radvilas, Georg | year=1970–1978 | publisher=Juozas Kapočius | volume=IV | location=Boston, Massachusetts | pages=414–415| lccn=74-114275 }}</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/desbillons/eico/seite39.html Portrait of Cardinal Georgius Radzivil, Radvila]
*[http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=oai:www.wbc.poznan.pl:72068&from=http://fbc.pionier.net.pl]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bradzj.html]
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Walerian Protasewicz]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Bishop of Vilnius]] | years=1579–1591}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Benedykt Woyna]]}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Piotr Myszkowski (bishop)|Piotr Myszkowski]]}}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Bishop of Kraków]] | years=1591–1600}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Bernard Maciejowski]]}}
{{end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radziwill, Jerzy}}
[[Category:Ecclesiastical senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:1556 births]]
[[Category:1600 deaths]]
[[Category:Bishops of Kraków]]
[[Category:Bishops of Vilnius]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIV]]
[[Category:Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Poland]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Lithuania]]
[[Category:16th-century Polish cardinals]]
[[Category:Cardinals created by Pope Gregory XIII]]
[[Category:Polish–Lithuanian cardinals]]
[[Category:Diplomats of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Calvinism]]
[[Category:Radziwiłł family|Jerzy]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Poland to Austria]]
[[Category:Leipzig University alumni]]