View source for Jhelum

{{Short description|City in Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Other uses|Jhelum (disambiguation)}}
{{For|the district|Jhelum District}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions-->| name               = Jhelum
| official_name      =
| native_name        = {{Nastaliq|جہلم}}<!--if different from the English name-->
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<!--images, nickname, motto-->| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage|location=center
|photo1a =Masjid Afghana with reflection.jpg
|photo2b =PU-Jhelum Campus-2.JPG
|photo2a =CMH Mosque.JPG
|photo3a =Tulip lawn Jhelum 003.jpg
|size    = 250
|border  = 0
|color   =black
|foot_montage =}}
| imagesize          = 250
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| image_caption      = Clockwise from top: Masjid Afghana, Tareekh-e-Jhelum book cover, Cantonment Square, CMH Mosque and [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]]
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| nickname           = City of Soldiers<br/>Land of [[Martyrs]] and [[Warrior]]s
<!--maps and coordinates-->| image_map          = Map of Jhelum.jpg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_alt            =
| map_caption        = Map of Jhelum City
| pushpin_map        = Punjab Pakistan#Pakistan<!--name of a location map as per Template:Location_map-->
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| pushpin_mapsize    = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Punjab, Pakistan
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| coordinates        = {{Coord|32|56|33|N|73|43|32|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = <!--to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type)-->
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PK/04/Jhelum.html |title=Location of Jhelum&nbsp;– Falling Rain Genomics |publisher=Fallingrain.com website|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
<!--location-->| subdivision_type   = Country <!--Country-->
| subdivision_name   = {{PAK}} <!--the name of the country-->
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon|Punjab, Pakistan}} [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Rawalpindi Division|Rawalpindi]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]]
<!--established-->| established_title  = <!--Settled-->
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu]]
| founder            = Before BC
| named_for          = <!--seat, smaller parts-->
| seat_type          = Municipal Corporation
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| parts_type         = [[Union councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]]
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| parts              = 7
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| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = None (vacant)
| leader_title1      = Deputy Commissioner
| leader_name1       = Samiullah Farooq ([[Pakistan Administrative Service|PAS]])
| leader_title2      = District Police Officer
| leader_name2       = Nasir Mehmood Bajwa ([[Police Service of Pakistan|PSP]])
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| area_blank2_sq_mi  = <!--elevation-->
| elevation_m        = 233
| elevation_ft       = 768
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=415980&refer=&units=metric |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Jhelum, Pakistan |publisher=Weatherbase website}}</ref>
<!--population-->| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1  = Jhelumi
| population_footnotes = <ref name="citypop1">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/cities/punjab|title= Punjab (Pakistan): Province and Major Cities, Municipalities & Towns – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=Citypopulation.de website}}</ref>
| population_total   = 190,425
| population_as_of   = [[2023 Pakistani census|2023]]
| total_type         = City
| population_rank    = [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|44th, Pakistan]]
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| postal_code        = 49600
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| area_code_type     = [[Dialling codes in Pakistan|Dialling code]]<!--defaults to: Area code(s)-->
| area_code          = 0544
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}}
'''Jhelum''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|eɪ|l|ə|m|}}; {{nq|جہلم}}; {{IPA-pa|d͡ʒéˈlˑɐ̃mᵊ|lang}}; {{IPA-ur|d͡ʒeɦˈləm|lang}}) is a city on the West Bank of the [[Jhelum River]], which is located in the district of [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]] in the North of [[Punjab (Pakistani province)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. It is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|44th largest city of Pakistan]] by population. Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British Army before independence,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/army.htm |title=Pakistan Army |publisher=Globalsecurity.org website|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> and later to the [[Pakistan armed forces]], due to which it is also known as ''City of Soldiers'' or ''Land of [[Martyr]]s and Warriors''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Syed Shoaib Hasan |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7024719.stm |title=Rise of Pakistan's 'quiet man' (Ashfaq Parvez Kayani)|publisher=BBC News |date=17 June 2009 |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhDX0D-8qjc&feature=player_embedded  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/xhDX0D-8qjc| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title=AAJ TV NEWS Report (City of martyrs and warriors) |publisher=Youtube.com |date=10 February 2009 |access-date=24 July 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the ancient [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] between the armies of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] and King [[Porus the Elder|Porus]]. Possibly Jhelum City was the capital of Porus' Kingdom, [[Pauravas|Paurava]]. A city called [[Alexandria Bucephalous|Bucephala]]<!-- Should be bold, since Bucephala redirects here --> was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander's horse, [[Bucephalus]]. Other notable sites nearby include the 16th-century [[Rohtas Fort]], the [[Tilla Jogian]] complex of ancient temples, and the 16th-century [[Grand Trunk Road]] which passes through the city. According to the 2023 census of [[Pakistan]], the population of Jhelum was 190,425.<ref name="citypop1"/> The name of the city is derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow), as the water that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas. There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city, including a tobacco factory, wood, marble, glass and flour mills. Its near the capital of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tmajhelum.com/industry.html |title=Tehsil Municipal Administration Jhelum – Industries of Jhelum |publisher=Tehsil Municipal Administration Jhelum website |access-date=24 July 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511074658/http://www.tmajhelum.com/industry.html |archive-date=11 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
==Etymology==
Anjum Sultan Shahbaz recorded some stories of the name ''Jhelum'' in his book Tareekh-e-Jhelum as:<ref>{{cite book|first=Anjum Sultan|last=Shahbaz|title=Tareekh-e-Jhelum|publisher=Book Corner, Main Bazar, Jhelum|url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL23138105M/Tareekh-e-Jhelum|series=History of Jhelum|date=14 September 2012|edition=2nd|page=92|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
{{cquote|Many writers have different opinions about the name of ''Jhelum''. One suggestion is that in ancient days ''Jhelumabad'' was known as Jalham. The word Jhelum is reportedly derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow). The name thus refers to the waters of a river (flowing besides the city) which have their origins in the snow-capped Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk/aboutjlm.htm |title= The District Jhelum| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415090046/http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk/aboutjlm.htm |date=2 March 2008|archive-date=15 April 2009|website=Jhelum Police website|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
However, some writers believe that when "Dara-e-Azam" reached a certain place on the river bank after winning many battles, he fixed his flag at that place and called it "Ja-e-Alam" which means "Place of the Flag". With the passage of time it became ''Jhelum'' from "Ja-e-Alam".
According to tradition, Saeed Bin Abi Waqas, brother of [[Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas|Saad Bin Abi Waqas]], was sent to China to preach Islam, during his journey he arrived at the city of ''Jhelum'', he saw the reflection of a city in the river and said "{{lang|ar|هذا جهيلم}}" ''(this is Jhelum)'', which means "City besides the river, in full moonlight".
[[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] also used "Jheelum" in place of ''Jhelum'' and "Harian" for [[Kharian]] in his diary.}}
==History==
===Ancient===
The [[Rajput]], [[Gujjar]]s, [[Labana]],<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43Fzt-G_-XYC&q=great+abhiras&pg=PA3 |title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography – Subodh Kapoor |isbn=9788177552980 |access-date=2013-01-25|last1=Kapoor |first1=Subodh |year=2002 }}</ref><ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43Fzt-G_-XYC&q=great+abhiras&pg=PA3|title=Encyclopaedia of Ancient Indian Geography|first=Subodh|last=Kapoor|date=16 July 2017|publisher=Cosmo Publications|via=Google Books|isbn=9788177552980}}</ref><ref name="v. 8">[[Arrian]], ''[[Anabasis Alexandri]]'', [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5a.asp v. 8], [http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book5b.asp 20, 29]; [[Quintus Curtius Rufus|Curtius Rufus]], ''Historiae Alexandri Magni'', [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/quintecurce/huit.htm viii. 12–14], [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/quintecurce/neuf.htm ix. 1], [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/quintecurce/dix.htm x. 1]</ref> who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest inhabitants of Jhelum.<ref name="IGI">{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_158.gif |title=Jhelum District Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 152 |publisher=Digital South Asia Library website |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> The next major point in the history of the district was the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] between [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] and the local ruler, [[Porus the Elder]]. [[Abisares]] (or Abhisara;<ref name="EB">{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Chisholm
| first = Hugh
| author-link = Hugh Chisholm
| title = Alexander III (Alexander the Great)
| encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]
| volume = 1
| year = 1910
}}</ref> in [[Greek language|Greek]] Αβισαρης), called Embisarus (Eμ
Oβισαρoς) by [[Diodorus]],<ref>Diodorus, ''Bibliotheca'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Diod.+17.90.1 xvii. 90]</ref> was an Indian king of the [[Abhira tribe]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FoT6gPrbTp8C&q=Abisares++abhira+or+ahir+king&pg=PA18 |title=The Tribes and Castes of Bombay: Ill – Reginald E. Enthoven |access-date=24 July 2021|isbn=9788120606302 |last1=Enthoven |first1=Reginald Edward |year=1990 }}</ref> descent beyond the river [[Hydaspes]], whose territory lay in the mountains, sent embassies to [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] both before and after the conquest of [[Porus the Elder|Porus]] in 326 BC, although inclined to espouse the side of the latter. Alexander not only allowed him to retain his kingdom but increased it, and on his death appointed his son as his successor. Porus' kingdom [[Pauravas|Paurava]] was on the left bank of the Jhelem River corresponding the limits of the present Gujrat District. The [[Gakhars]] appear to represent an early wave of conquerors from the west, who still inhabit a large tract in the mountain north of tilla range. Gakhars were the dominant race during the early Muslim era and they long continued to retain their independence, both in Jhelum itself and in the neighbouring district of [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="IGI"/>
===Medieval===
In 997 CE, [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi]], took over the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid dynasty]] empire established by his father, [[Sabuktigin|Sultan Sebuktegin]]. In 1005 he conquered the [[Hindu Shahi|Shahi]]s in [[Kabul]] and followed it by the conquests of [[Punjab region]] including Jhelum. The [[Delhi Sultanate]] and later [[Mughal Empire]] ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly [[Muslim]] due to [[missionary]] [[Sufi]] saints whose [[dargah]]s dot the landscape of [[Punjab region]].
The [[Mughals]] were [[Persianate|Persianized]] [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] who claimed descent from both [[Timur]] and [[Genghis Khan]] and strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India. Being very few in number, main families of Mughal [[Barlas]], the descent of Ameer-i Taimoor settled in Mong Rasool and afterward scattered to village chak Nazar, Shamaspur, Aima Afghana, khardiyala, Chak sikander, Malhar Muglain, Mota Garbi, [[Bhimber]], they adopted a policy of converting the local [[Jats]] and [[Gakhars]] mandatory as recorded in the [[Baburnama]].<ref name="Biography of Abdur Rahim Khankhana">{{cite web
|url         = http://www.poemhunter.com/abdur-rahim-khankhana/biography/poet-33381/
|title       = Biography of Abdur Rahim Khankhana
|access-date  = 24 July 2021
|url-status     = dead
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060117163845/http://www.poemhunter.com/abdur-rahim-khankhana/biography/poet-33381/
|archive-date = 17 January 2006
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> Thus it is credited to the Mughals, who were largely responsible for the conversion of the [[Jats]] to [[Islam]].<ref>^ a b c Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in historical perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 20: "The Mughals – Persianized Turks who invaded from Central Asia and claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis – strengthened the Persianate culture of Muslim India."</ref>
With the collapse of the [[Mughal Empire]] after the death of [[Aurangzeb]], the [[Durrani Empire]] had occupied the plains but were eventually ousted by the [[Sikhs]].
===Later periods===
After the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]], the region fell under [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] occupation. During the decline of Afghan rule following the [[Third Battle of Panipat]], the newly emerging [[Sikh Empire]] invaded and occupied [[Jhelum District]] in 1808 from its [[Gakhars|Gakhar]] ruler Raja Sultan Muqarrab Khan. In 1849 Jhelum passed with the rest of the [[Sikh]] territories to the [[British Raj|British]]. The [[British Empire|British]] conquered Jhelum in 1849 with the assistance of the local [[Gakhars]] who resented [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] rule. In 1857 the 14th Native Infantry stationed at Jhelum town mutinied, and displayed a vigorous defence against a force sent from [[Rawalpindi]] to disarm them, but decamped for the night following the action, with the main body being subsequently arrested by the Kashmiri authorities, into whose territory they had escaped. They were then handed over to the British colonial authorities and executed for treason.[[File:A Fort in Jhelum City.jpg|thumb|A [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]]-era fort in Jhelum City]]
===British Raj===
During [[British rule]], Jhelum was connected by the [[North Western Railway (British India)|North-Western Railway]] to other cities in the [[British Raj|Indian Empire]], 1,367 miles from [[Calcutta]], 1,413 from [[Bombay]], and 849 from [[Karachi]]. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,951.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_165.gif |title=''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', v. 14, p. 159-160 |publisher=Digital South Asia Library website |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
According to the ''[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'':
{{cquote|The present town is of modern origin, the old town, which may have been the Bucephala of Alexander having been, on the left or opposite bank of the river. Under [[Sikh empire|Sikh rule]] the place was quite unimportant, being mainly occupied by a settlement of boatmen, and at the time of annexation contained about 500 houses. It was then chosen as the site of a cantonment and as the headquarters of the civil administration. For some years it was the seat of the Commissioner of the Division, but in 1859 his headquarters were transferred to [[Rawalpindi]]. Under British rule, Jhelum has steadily advanced in prosperity; and is the entrepôt for most of the trade of the District, though, since the completion of the Sind-Sāgar branch of the [[North Western Railway (British India)|North-Western Railway]]; the salt trade no longer passes through it. It is an important timber dépôt, the timber from the Kashmir forests which is floated down the river being collected here. A good deal of boat-building is carried on. The cantonment, which is 3 miles from the civil station, contains the church and post office. The normal strength of the garrison is one Native cavalry and four Native infantry regiments. The municipality was founded in 1867. During the ten years ending 1902–3 the receipts averaged Rs. 32,100, and the expenditure Rs, 31,900. Receipts and expenditure from cantonment funds in the same period averaged Rs. 31,900 and Rs. 6,100 respectively. The chief income of the municipality in 1903-4 was Rs. 34,200 chiefly from [[octroi]]; and the expenditure was Rs. 41,000. The town has two Anglo vernacular schools, a municipal high school, and a middle school maintained by the American Presbyterian Mission. Besides the civil hospital, the mission also maintains a hospital.<ref name=autogenerated1/>|}}
[[File:Lectern - Jhelum by Khalid Mahmood.jpg|thumb|upright|Marble [[lectern]] in memory of 35 British soldiers]]
During the [[Mutiny of 1857]], 35 British soldiers of the Regular [[South Wales Borderers|24th Regiment of Foot]] were killed at the [[Battle of Jhelum (1857)|Battle of Jhelum]] by mutineers from the [[East India Company|Honourable East India Companies]] 14th Bengal Native Infantry (roughly 500 of the soldiers mutinied with roughly 100 of the [[Sikh]] soldiers remaining loyal). Among the dead was Captain Francis Spring, the eldest son of [[William Spring (British Army officer)|Colonel William Spring]].<ref>The London Gazette, 19 May 1858 http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/22141/pages/2492/page.pdf</ref> A lectern inside St John's Church Jhelum shows the names of those 35 soldiers. St John's Church is located in the Jhelum Cantonment, [[Pakistan]] beside the river Jhelum. It was built in 1860 and remains a landmark in the city. It was built as a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] church and was in use throughout the [[British Raj|British period]]. For the past forty years, it has been closed to the public and in poor condition, however, it has since{{when|date=May 2012}} been renovated and reopened and is now maintained.
The British soldier [[William Connolly (VC)|William Connolly]] won a [[Victoria Cross]] for his bravery during this battle. Mirza Dildar Baig, also known as Khaki Shah, took part in the [[mutiny]] at Jhelum and was later celebrated by [[Indian nationalist movement|Indian Nationalists]]. He was captured and arrested with the remaining mutineers by authorities in Kashmir and later hanged near the river Jhelum. His grave is in a shrine in Jhelum Dildarnagar, and a small town in Uttar Pradesh is also named after him.
The railway bridge on the river Jhelum was built in 1873 by the British engineer William St. John Galwey. He also made the great Empress Victoria Bridge over the river [[Sutlej]]. During [[World War I]], the [[Jhelum District]] "stood first" among districts in recruiting for the British war effort, with greater financial assistance from the British government channelled into the area in return.<ref name="army">{{cite book|title=The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab|date=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788178240596|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC&pg=PA114|access-date=10 December 2017|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819164013/https://books.google.com/books?id=O4Wop9vwS9sC&pg=PA114|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Independence===
The predominantly Muslim population supported [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] and [[Pakistan Movement]]. After the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, the minority [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikh]]s [[Human migration|migrated]] to [[India]] while [[Muslim]] refugees from [[India]] settled down in the [[Jhelum District]].
==Administration==
[[File:Jhelum River Bridge.JPG|thumb|The River Jhelum below the bridge from Sarai Alamgir side]]
As well as being district capital, Jhelum city is also the headquarters of [[Jhelum Tehsil]], the city of Jhelum is administratively subdivided into seven [[Union councils of Pakistan|union councils]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=12&dn=Jhelum |title=Tehsils & Unions in the District of Jhelum – Government of Pakistan |publisher=National Reconstruction Bureau|access-date=24 July 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209043508/http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=12&dn=Jhelum |archive-date=9 February 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> Jhelum-I, Jhelum-II, Jhelum-III, Jhelum-IV, Jhelum-V, Jhelum-VI and Jhelum-VII.
==Demography==
{{PakistanCensusPop
|title=Jhelum city population
|1961=52685
|1972=70157
|1981=106462
|1998=145847
|estimate=188803
|estyear=2012
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source:
}}
The population of the Jhelum city is about 188,800 (2012) and it is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|32nd]] largest city of [[Pakistan]] with respect to population. Total area of city is about {{convert|22|km2|abbr=on}}. Population density is 261/km. Population growth rate is 1.51<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan |title=Population growth rate |publisher=World-gazetteer.com |access-date=24 July 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131017035730/world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan |archive-date=17 October 2013}}</ref> which is very low as compared to other urban areas of Pakistan. The majority of the population i.e. 98.47 percent is [[Islam|Muslim]]. Among the minorities Christians are in the majority sharing 1.36 percent in the district.
The literacy rate of Jhelum is among the highest in [[Pakistan]]. At 79%, it is only lower than that of [[Islamabad]] and neighbouring [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="statpak.gov.pk">{{cite web|url=http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/pslm_prov2006-07/2.14a.pdf |title=Literacy - Population 10 Years And Older |access-date=24 July 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113174308/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/pslm_prov2006-07/2.14a.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2010}}</ref> Somewhat higher than the literacy in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province (58 percent).<ref name="statpak.gov.pk"/> The literacy rate has remarkably increased from 38.9 percent in 1981. The rate is much higher in the urban areas for both males and females. 84% of the population have electricity and 96% have access to water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/herald/herald33.htm |title=District Profile - Jhelum|publisher=Dawn (newspaper) |access-date=24 July 2021|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829223211/http://dawn.com/weekly/herald/herald33.htm |archive-date=29 August 2008}}</ref> [[Human Development Index]] of Jhelum is 0.770, which is highest in [[Pakistan]] after [[Karachi]].
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Jhelum City (1881−2017){{efn|1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Jhelum, which included Jhelum Municipality and Jhelum Cantonment.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|32}}|name="JhelumCity1881to1941"}}
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Pakistan|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=520 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=250 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318666 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states. |year=1891 }}</ref>{{rp|68}}<ref name="Census1891B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838 |jstor=saoa.crl.25352838 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|44}}<ref name="Census1901B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393779 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|19}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394121 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref name="Census1921B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|21}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|26}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|32}}
! colspan="2" |2017<ref name="Census2017B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/final-results-census-2017|title=Final Results (Census-2017)|access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 11,369
| {{Percentage | 11369 | 21107 | 2 }}
| 7,373
| {{Percentage | 7373 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 8,322
| {{Percentage | 8322 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 10,470
| {{Percentage | 10470 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 10,816
| {{Percentage | 10816 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 13,980
| {{Percentage | 13980 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 19,416
| {{Percentage | 19416 | 33191 | 2 }}
| 185,323
| {{Percentage | 185323 | 190471 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 7,966
| {{Percentage | 7966 | 21107 | 2 }}
| 4,250
| {{Percentage | 4250 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 4,350
| {{Percentage | 4350 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 5,824
| {{Percentage | 5824 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 5,379
| {{Percentage | 5379 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 6,304
| {{Percentage | 6304 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 8,936
| {{Percentage | 8936 | 33191 | 2 }}
| 50
| {{Percentage | 50 | 190471 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,460
| {{Percentage | 1460 | 21107 | 2 }}
| 1,064
| {{Percentage | 1064 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 2,074
| {{Percentage | 2074 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 3,029
| {{Percentage | 3029 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 1,497
| {{Percentage | 1497 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 2,581
| {{Percentage | 2581 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 3,950
| {{Percentage | 3950 | 33191 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 21107 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 15
| {{Percentage | 15 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 25
| {{Percentage | 25 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 33
| {{Percentage | 33 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 69
| {{Percentage | 69 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 146
| {{Percentage | 146 | 33191 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 153
| {{Percentage | 153 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 190
| {{Percentage | 190 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 326
| {{Percentage | 326 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 334
| {{Percentage | 334 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 565
| {{Percentage | 565 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 619
| {{Percentage | 619 | 33191 | 2 }}
| 4,560
| {{Percentage | 4560 | 190471 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 9
| {{Percentage | 9 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23499 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23499 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23499 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 533
| {{Percentage | 533 | 190471 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
| 312
| {{Percentage | 312 | 21107 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12878 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 14951 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 19678 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 18060 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 23499 | 2 }}
| 124
| {{Percentage | 124 | 33191 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 190471 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 21,107
! {{Percentage | 21107 | 21107 | 2 }}
! 12,878
! {{Percentage | 12878 | 12878 | 2 }}
! 14,951
! {{Percentage | 14951 | 14951 | 2 }}
! 19,678
! {{Percentage | 19678 | 19678 | 2 }}
! 18,060
! {{Percentage | 18060 | 18060 | 2 }}
! 23,499
! {{Percentage | 23499 | 23499 | 2 }}
! 33,191
! {{Percentage | 33191 | 33191 | 2 }}
! 190,471
! {{Percentage | 190471 | 190471 | 2 }}
|}
==Geography and climate==
Lying at 32°56′ North latitude and 73°44′ East longitude, Jhelum is located a 1-hour and 30 minutes drive from the Capital of Pakistan [[Islamabad]], and 3 hours drive from the heart of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] [[Lahore]]. Jhelum is linked with these cities through the [[National Highways of Pakistan|National Highway]] [[N-5 National Highway|N-5]]. Several cities are within 1 to 2 hours drive including [[Gujrat city|Gujrat]] (home to fan manufacturing),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uog.edu.pk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=194&Itemid=1 |title=University of Gujrat |publisher=University of Gujrat |date=3 March 2012 |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> [[Gujranwala]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pak-times.com/2007/05/13/gujranwala-business-center/ |title=Gujranwala Business Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111133546/http://www.pak-times.com/2007/05/13/gujranwala-business-center/ |archive-date=11 January 2009|date=13 May 2007|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> [[Chakwal]] and [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir]].
Jhelum has a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa'') and is extremely hot and humid in summer, and cold and generally dry in winter. The maximum recorded temperature in the pre-[[monsoon]] season of April to June is {{convert|49.2|C|F}}, whereas in winter the minimum temperature recorded is {{convert|-0.6|C|F|1}}. Average annual rainfall is about {{convert|850|mm|in|0}} which is much below the required quantity given the extremely high evaporation levels. Nevertheless, in the rainy season water torrents flow from the north to the Jhelum River very rapidly and cause damage to the crops, bridges, roads. This is responsible for the soil erosion in the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=415980&refer=&units=metric|title=Jhelum, Pakistan Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>
Over the years, global climate change has affected Jhelum as well as any other place on Earth and below comparison charts from Weatherbase and NOAA show the difference in rainfall between 1990 and 2015:
{{Weather box
|location = Jhelum, Pakistan
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 19
|Feb high C = 21
|Mar high C = 27
|Apr high C = 33
|May high C = 38
|Jun high C = 40
|Jul high C = 36
|Aug high C = 34
|Sep high C = 34
|Oct high C = 33
|Nov high C = 27
|Dec high C = 21
|Jan high F = 66
|Feb high F = 69
|Mar high F = 80
|Apr high F = 91
|May high F = 100
|Jun high F = 104
|Jul high F = 96
|Aug high F = 93
|Sep high F = 93
|Oct high F = 91
|Nov high F = 80
|Dec high F = 69
|year high C = 30
|year high F = 86
|Jan low C = 4
|Feb low C = 7
|Mar low C = 12
|Apr low C = 17
|May low C = 22
|Jun low C = 26
|Jul low C = 26
|Aug low C = 25
|Sep low C = 23
|Oct low C = 16
|Nov low C = 9
|Dec low C = 5
|Jan low F = 39
|Feb low F = 44
|Mar low F = 53
|Apr low F = 62
|May low F = 71
|Jun low F = 78
|Jul low F = 78
|Aug low F = 77
|Sep low F = 73
|Oct low F = 60
|Nov low F = 48
|Dec low F = 41
|year low C = 16
|year low F = 60
|Jan precipitation mm = 35
|Feb precipitation mm = 46
|Mar precipitation mm = 45
|Apr precipitation mm = 32
|May precipitation mm = 27
|Jun precipitation mm = 51
|Jul precipitation mm = 223
|Aug precipitation mm = 225
|Sep precipitation mm = 79
|Oct precipitation mm = 18
|Nov precipitation mm = 12
|Dec precipitation mm = 25
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.4
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.8
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.8
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.2
|May precipitation inch = 1
|Jun precipitation inch = 2
|Jul precipitation inch = 8.8
|Aug precipitation inch = 8.9
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.1
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.7
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.5
|Dec precipitation inch = 1
|year precipitation cm = 81.8
|year precipitation mm =
|year precipitation inch = 32.2
|source 1 = Weatherbase 2015<ref name="Weatherbase2015">{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=415980&refer=&units=metric |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Jhelum, Pakistan | publisher=Weatherbase | year=2015|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
|date=September 2015
}}
{{Weather box|location = Jhelum (1991-2020)
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
| Jan high C = 18.9
| Feb high C = 22.2
| Mar high C = 27.4
| Apr high C = 33.5
| May high C = 38.7
| Jun high C = 39.9
| Jul high C = 36.1
| Aug high C = 34.8
| Sep high C = 34.6
| Oct high C = 32.7
| Nov high C = 27.3
| Dec high C = 21.8
|year high C = 30.7
| Jan mean C = 12.1
| Feb mean C = 15.4
| Mar mean C = 20.4
| Apr mean C = 25.9
| May mean C = 31.0
| Jun mean C = 33.0
| Jul mean C = 31.2
| Aug mean C = 30.3
| Sep mean C = 29.2
| Oct mean C = 25.1
| Nov mean C = 19.1
| Dec mean C = 14.0
|year mean C = 23.9
| Jan low C = 5.3
| Feb low C = 8.5
| Mar low C = 13.2
| Apr low C = 18.3
| May low C = 23.2
| Jun low C = 26.0
| Jul low C = 26.2
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 23.7
| Oct low C = 17.5
| Nov low C = 10.9
| Dec low C = 6.3
|year low C = 17.1
|precipitation colour=green
| Jan precipitation mm = 41.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 58.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 58.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 43.5
| May precipitation mm = 27.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 67.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 234.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 235.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 78.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 22.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 10.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 16.1
|year precipitation mm = 892.8
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 3.9
|Feb precipitation days = 4.9
|Mar precipitation days = 4.9
|Apr precipitation days = 4.8
|May precipitation days = 4.0
|Jun precipitation days = 5.8
|Jul precipitation days = 12.0
|Aug precipitation days = 10.4
|Sep precipitation days = 5.5
|Oct precipitation days = 2.3
|Nov precipitation days = 1.2
|Dec precipitation days = 1.4
|year precipitation days = 61.1
| Jan sun =
| Feb sun =
| Mar sun =
| Apr sun =
| May sun =
| Jun sun = 265.2
| Jul sun = 232.4
| Aug sun = 230.9
| Sep sun =
| Oct sun =
| Nov sun = 219.2
| Dec sun = 194.8
|source 1=NOAA <ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Pakistan/CSV/Jhelum_41598.csv |title=Jhelum Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work=World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref>}}
===Major floods===
The biggest floods in Jhelum in recent years were in 1992. Jhelum city and surrounding areas were almost completely submerged under flood waters.
==Important sites==
[[File:Melange Super, Jhelum Cantt.jpg|thumb|Front view of Melange supermarket]]
[[File:Major Akram Shaheed Library Jhelum.jpg|thumb|left|Akram Shaheed Library]]
[[Rohtas Fort]] is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king [[Sher Shah Suri]]. This fort is about 4&nbsp;km in circumference. Qila Rohtas is situated in a gorge approximately 18&nbsp;km NW of Jhelum and 7&nbsp;km from [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]].
The old city has a labyrinth of narrow streets and bazaars. Opposite the [[CMH Jhelum|CMH]] [[Jhelum Cantt]] is located the CMH Masjid Jhelum mosque.
Located in the [[Jhelum Cantonment|cantonment]] area is the [[St. John's Church Jhelum]] which was built in 1860. There was a local stadium near Gul Afshan Colony which was changed to a cricket stadium named [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]]. Altaf Park which was constructed in 1994–95 is in a very close proximity of Cricket Stadium. Nearly 100&nbsp;m from Shandar Chowk, in the center of city, is [[Major Akram Shaheed Memorial]] Park. Major [[Muhammad Akram]] Memorial Library is also present in this park. This is also a site of a parade which takes place every year on 6 September at the occasion of [[Defence Day]].
[[File:Mangladam.JPG|thumb|left|Mangla Dam Water Reservoir]]
[[Lehri Nature Park]] is located 10 kilometers away from [[Grand Trunk Road|G. T. Road]] between Jhelum and [[Islamabad]], it is 30 kilometers from Jhelum and 90 kilometers from Islamabad in the hilly Pothohar region.
The [[Mangla Dam]] is located on the [[Jhelum River]] about {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from Jhelum, it is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River. There is the Mangla View Resort that is the first planned resort development in Pakistan to offer residences, villas, townhouses, hotels, serviced apartments and retail outlets. The resort is located on a 340-acre (1.4 km2) site on the Mangla Dam area.
[[Rasul Barrage]] is located on the Jhelum River about 30&nbsp;km downstream from Jhelum. Two major water canals originate at the Rasul barrage, Rasul-Qadirabad link canal which is also called Lower-Jhelum link canal and Rasul-Shahpur branch canal. The area around the Rasul Barrage lake is also a picnic spot.
==Travel and tourism==
[[File:Bus Stand Jhelum.jpg|thumb|Bus Stand Jhelum]]
[[File:Jhelum Railway Station.JPG|thumb|left|Jhelum Railway Station]]
[[Auto Rickshaw]]s are a common mode of transport for short routes within the city. Many of the new rickshaws in the city use [[Compressed natural gas|Compressed natural gas (CNG)]] instead of the petrol engines as CNG is environmentally clean and cheaper than petrol. [[Rickshaws]] are another important mode of transportation. The older horse drawn tongas are now defunct although some can still be privately commissioned. Taxis and privately commissioned small passenger carrying vans are available. [[Daewoo Express]] Bus Service and other bus services operate from the city to the entire country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daewoo.com.pk/terminal_view.asp?menu_set=5&submenu_set=2&page_title=Jehlum&terminal_code=46 |website=Daewoo Express Bus Service| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521112926/http://www.daewoo.com.pk/terminal_view.asp?menu_set=5&submenu_set=2&page_title=Jehlum&terminal_code=46 |archive-date=21 May 2014|title=Jhelum city|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
The Jhelum Railway Station was built in 1928 during [[British Raj|British rule]] before the independence of Pakistan. It was connected by the [[North Western Railway (British India)|North-Western Railway]] to other cities in the Indian empire. Jhelum is on main line of [[Pakistan Railways]], and linked to whole country through Railway line across Pakistan. The nearest international airport is the [[Islamabad International Airport]], which is approximately 110&nbsp;km by road from Jhelum. The [[Sialkot International Airport]], is approximately 100&nbsp;km by road from Jhelum. A small airport called [[Gurha Salim Airport]] is situated 13&nbsp;km (8&nbsp;mi) from the city centre. It is not being used by any commercial airlines, but only for military purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-aviation/10260-air-force-question-thread-19.html|title=Air Force Question Thread|access-date=11 May 2016|archive-date=1 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001005919/http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-aviation/10260-air-force-question-thread-19.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Sports==
{{Main|Sport in Jhelum}}
[[File:District Cricket Stadium Jeulum 003.jpg|thumb|Cricket Stadium Jhelum]]
[[File:Ch Asifs Hussains Horse.jpg|thumb|left|Horse and rider in action]]
Located within the city is a golf course called the River-View Golf Club, where national golf tournaments are held regularly.
There is a cricket and football stadium, [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]], where district level tournaments are held. In October 2008, [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] upgraded this stadium for regional events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jang.com.pk/thenews/may2008-weekly/nos-25-05-2008/spo.htm |newspaper=The News International (newspaper)|title=(District Cricket Stadium, Jhelum)| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930010558/http://jang.com.pk/thenews/may2008-weekly/nos-25-05-2008/spo.htm |archive-date=30 September 2008|access-date=24 July 2021 }}</ref>
==Education==
[[File:PujcAnnotation 2020-05-30 171638.jpg|thumb|University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus]]
Jhelum has six degree colleges for women, ten degree colleges for men, six co-education colleges, six commerce colleges, one law college, numerous higher secondary schools and over 150 high schools. It also has a campus Of Punjab University, Punjab University Jhelum Campus, near Rathiyan, Kala Gujran and Satellite Town Jhelum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aepam.edu.pk/Download/schools%20directory/Punjab(Jhehlum).pdf |title=School Directory of PUNJAB (Jhelum)|  archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811045124/http://aepam.edu.pk/Download/schools%20directory/Punjab%28Jhehlum%29.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=24 July 2021 }}</ref>
The [[University of the Punjab]] has established a campus in Jhelum offering programs related to business, commerce, law, and computer science. The new undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs are due to commence soon.{{when|date=September 2020}} The literacy rate of Jhelum is high in comparison to other cities of the Punjab. 65 kanals of land was allocated to establish this campus by Government of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pu.edu.pk/newsletter/pu_newsletter-nov_06.pdf |title=Punjab University NewsLetter - November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230170031/http://www.pu.edu.pk/newsletter/pu_newsletter-nov_06.pdf |archive-date=30 December 2008|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> Jhelum also has two sub-campuses of the [[Virtual University of Pakistan]], Virtual University Campus at Civil Lines opposite city Church, and a private virtual campus, Wings Institute of Learning. Virtual University of Pakistan inaugurated its own Campus in Jhelum in March 2012; VU Jhelum Campus is located in the middle of the city.
==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|Asia|Pakistan}}
* [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], thirteenth [[Prime Minister of India]]
* [[Military College Jhelum]]
* [[Rabia Qari]], the first female [[Muslim]] barrister in South Asia
* [[Rawalpindi]]
* [[Rawalpindi Division]]
* [[Potohar plateau]]
* [[List of colleges in Jhelum]]
==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=}}
{{notelist}}
==External links==
{{Sister project links|Jhelum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014039/http://www.jhelum.gop.pk/ Jhelum District official portal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081225083333/http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk/ Jhelum Police website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121161718/http://www.tmajhelum.com/ TMA Jhelum website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080421230729/http://pportal.punjab.gov.pk/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/314 Punjab Government website (Jhelum profile)]
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Jhelum}}
{{Pakistani cities}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Jhelum}}
{{Pakistan topics}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Jhelum| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Cities in Punjab (Pakistan)]]