View source for Jiangxi

{{short description|Province in eastern China}}
{{other places}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = Jiangxi
| native_name        = {{lang|zh|江西}}
| settlement_type    = [[Province of China|Province]]
| translit_lang1     = Name
| translit_lang1_type = {{nobold|Chinese}}
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|zh|江西省}} ({{transliteration|zh|Jiāngxī Shěng}})
| translit_lang1_type1 = {{nobold|Abbreviation}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = JX / {{linktext|lang=zh-hans|赣}} ({{zh|p=Gàn}}; Gan Chinese: {{transliteration|gan|Kōm}})
| translit_lang1_type2 = {{nobold|[[Gan Chinese|Gan]]}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{transliteration|gan|Kongsi}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nobold|[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] [[Guangdong Romanization|Pinyim]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{transliteration|hak|Gong<sup>1</sup> Si<sup>1</sup> Sen<sup>3</sup>}}
| image_map          = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg
| mapsize            = 275px
| map_alt            = Map showing the location of Jiangxi Province
| map_caption        = Map showing the location of Jiangxi Province
| coordinates        = {{coord|27.3|N|116.0|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-36|format=dms|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = China
| named_for          = Short for [[Jiangnanxi Circuit]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|江南|西|道}})
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Nanchang]]
| seat1_type         = Largest City
| seat1              = [[Ganzhou]]
| parts_type         = Divisions
| parts_style        = para
| p1                 = 11 [[Prefectures of China|prefectures]]
| p2                 = 99 [[Counties of China|counties]]
| p3                 = 1549 [[Townships of China|townships]]
| government_type    = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| governing_body     = [[Jiangxi Provincial People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = [[Yin Hong]]
| leader_title1      = [[Jiangxi Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] chairman
| leader_name1       = Yin Hong
| leader_title2      = [[Governor (China)|Governor]]
| leader_name2       = [[Ye Jianchun]]
| leader_title3      = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] chairman
| leader_name3       = ''vacant''
| leader_title4      = [[National People's Congress]] Representation
| leader_name4       = 80 deputies
| area_footnotes     =
| area_total_km2     = 166919
| area_rank          = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|18th]]
| elevation_max_m    = 2158
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Huanggang|Mt. Huanggang]]
| elevation_max_rank =
| elevation_min_m    =
| elevation_min_point =
| elevation_min_rank =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>
| population_total   = 45,188,635
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_rank    = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|13th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|16th]]
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition
| demographics1_info1 = [[Han Chinese|Han]] – 99.7% <br /> [[She (ethnic group)|She]] – 0.2%
| demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects
| demographics1_info2 = [[Gan Chinese|Gan]], [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]], [[Wu Chinese|Wu]], [[Lower Yangtze Mandarin|Jianghuai Mandarin]]
| demographics_type2   = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] <span style="font-weight: normal;">{{small|(2023)}}</span><ref name="GDPdata">{{cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China|China NBS]]|date=March 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}; see also {{cite web|url=http://tjj.jiangxi.gov.cn/art/2024/3/30/art_38773_4835606.html |title=zh: 2023年江西省国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=jiangxi.gov.cn|date=March 20, 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 3,220 billion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|15th]])
<br />[[US$]] 457 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 71,216  ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|21th]])
<br />US$ 10,106
| iso_code           = CN-JX
| blank4_name_sec2   = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank4_info_sec2   = 0.768<ref name="SHDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices (8.0)- China |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=Global Data Lab}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|19th]]) – {{color|#090|high}}
| website            = {{url|http://www.jiangxi.gov.cn|jiangxi.gov.cn}}
| footnotes          =
| image_skyline      = SanQingShan9.jpg
| image_caption      = [[Mount Lu]]
}}
{{infobox Chinese
| pic = Jiangxi (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Jiangxi" in Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.45
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|江西}}
| psp = Kiangsi
| l = "Western [[Jiangnan|Jiang[nan]]]"
| p = Jiāngxī
| gr = Jiangshi
| bpmf = ㄐㄧㄤ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄒㄧ
| w = Chiang<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|j|iang|1|.|x|i|1}}
| wuu = Kaon<sup>平</sup>si<sup>平</sup>
| j = Gong<sup>1</sup>-sai<sup>1</sup>
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|g|ong|1|.|s|ai|1}}
| y = Gōng-sāi
| tl = Kang-sai
| gan = Kong si
| order = st
| showflag = gan|
}}
'''Jiangxi'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|dZ|æ|N|'|S|i:|,_|dZ|i|Q|N|-}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519014238/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangxi |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 19, 2021 |title=Jiangxi |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> <!-- details in infobox -->{{zh|c={{Audio|zh-Jiangxi.ogg|江西|help=no}}|labels=no}}; [[Postal romanization|formerly romanized]] as '''Kiangsi''' or '''Chianghsi'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jiangxi|access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>}} is an inland [[Provinces of China|province]] in [[East China|the east]] of the [[China|People's Republic of China]]. Its major cities include [[Nanchang]] and [[Jiujiang]]. Spanning from the banks of the [[Yangtze]] river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with [[Anhui]] to the north, [[Zhejiang]] to the northeast, [[Fujian]] to the east, [[Guangdong]] to the south, [[Hunan]] to the west, and [[Hubei]] to the northwest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctoptravel.com/jiangxi/jiangxi-details/jiangxi-location.html |title=www.ctoptravel.com |publisher=www.ctoptravel.com |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816112347/http://www.ctoptravel.com/jiangxi/jiangxi-details/jiangxi-location.html |archive-date=2012-08-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The name "Jiangxi" is derived from the [[Circuit (administrative division)|circuit]] administrated under the [[Tang dynasty]] in 733, [[Jiangnanxidao]].{{efn|{{zh|labels=no |c=江南西道 |l=Circuit of Western [[Jiangnan]]}}; Gan: Kongnomsitau) <ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html Origin of the Names of China's Provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427100058/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html |date=2016-04-27 }}, ''[[People's Daily Online]]''.</ref>}} The abbreviation for Jiangxi is "{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|赣}}}}",{{efn|{{zh|p=Gàn|links=no}}; [[Gan Chinese|Gan]]: Gōm}} for the [[Gan River]] which runs across from the south to the north and flows into the Yangtze River. Jiangxi is also alternately called ''Ganpo Dadi''{{efn|{{lang|zh|贛鄱大地}}}} which literally means the "Great Land of Gan and [[Poyang Lake|Po]]".
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Communists]] and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The [[Nanchang Uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on August 1, 1927, during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s government was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital",{{efn|{{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu}} or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the [[Long March]] to [[Yan'an]].
The southern half of Jiangxi is hilly and mountainous, with ranges and valleys interspersed; notable mountains and mountain ranges include [[Mountain Lu|Mount Lu]], the [[Jinggang Mountains]] and [[Mount Sanqing]]. The northern half is comparatively lower in altitude. The [[Gan River]] flows through the province.
Although the majority of Jiangxi's population is [[Han Chinese]], Jiangxi is linguistically diverse. It is considered the center of [[Gan Chinese]]; [[Hakka Chinese]], is also spoken to some degree. Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of [[copper]], [[tungsten]], [[gold]], [[silver]], [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[tantalum]], [[niobium]] and [[lithium]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-01 |title=China's lithium mining likely to face more scrutiny |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-lithium-yichun-idUSKBN2V32I2 |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref>
==History==
{{main|History of Jiangxi}}
Jiangxi is centered on the [[Gan River]] valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the [[North China Plain]] and the [[Yangtze River]] valley in the north and the territory of modern [[Guangdong]] province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.
Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the [[Shang dynasty]] (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the [[Baiyue]] inhabited the region. During the [[Spring and Autumn period]], the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of [[Wu (state)|Wu]]. After Wu was conquered by the [[Yue (state)|state of Yue]] (a power based in modern northern [[Zhejiang]]) in 473 BC, the state of [[Chu (state)|Chu]] (based in modern [[Hubei]]) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when [[Qin (state)|Qin]] conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in [[Shou County|Shouchun]] ({{lang|zh-hant|壽春}}).<ref>http://218.65.88.149:8080/was40/detail?record=1&primarykeyvalue=%E9%A2%98%E5%90%8D%3D%E8%B1%AB%E7%AB%A0%E6%95%85%E9%83%A1&channelid=7274{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls.
[[Yuzhang Commandery]] ({{lang|zh|豫章}}, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the [[Han dynasty]], possibly before the death of [[Xiang Yu]] in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River ({{lang|zh|豫章江}}, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.
Under the reign of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Emperor Wu]] of the [[Han dynasty]], Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to [[Yangzhou Province]], as part of a trend to establish provinces (''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'') all across China. In 291 AD, during the [[Western Jin dynasty]], Jiangxi became its own ''Zhou'' called Jiangzhou ({{lang|zh|江州}}, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]], Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of ''zhou'' slowly grew.
During the [[Sui dynasty]], there were seven [[Commandery (China)|commanderies]] and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the [[Tang dynasty]], another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming ''zhou'' (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").
[[Circuit (administrative division)|Circuits]] were established during the [[Tang dynasty]] as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the [[Jiangnan Circuit]] (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called [[Jiangnanxi Circuit]] (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".
The [[Tang dynasty]] collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. Jiangxi first belonged to [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] ({{lang|zh-hant|吳}}, Gan: Ng), then to [[Southern Tang]] ({{lang|zh|南唐}}, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day [[Nanjing]], further down the [[Yangtze River]].
During the [[Song dynasty]], Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).
During the [[Yuan dynasty]], the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern [[Guangdong]]. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the [[Ming dynasty]] after [[Guangdong]] was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The [[Nanchang Uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on August 1, 1927, during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s government was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" ({{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the [[Long March]] to [[Yan'an]].
From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.
In 1936, after the opening of the [[Guangzhou–Hankou railway|Yuehan Railway]] in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port ({{lang|zh|九江港}}) began to decline in importance.
Following the [[Doolittle Raid]] during [[World War II]], most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The [[Imperial Japanese Army]] began the [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]] to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/|title=The Perilous Fight: America's World War II in Color |website=PBS }}</ref>
Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to [[Taichung]] in [[Taiwan Province]] before dissolving itself that same year.<ref> https://www.culture.taichung.gov.tw/media/827206/文化萬象p53-57.pdf</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:亚新地学社1936年《袖珍中华全图》--09江西省.jpg|thumb|Jiangxi in 1936]]
[[File:Nanchang Bayi Guangchang 20120723-14.jpg|thumb|Nanchang City]]
[[File:XinYu.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Xinyu City]]
[[File:Ayfg-sjgc-yj21.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Pingxiang City]]
Mountains surround Jiangxi on three sides, with the [[Mufu Mountains]], [[Jiuling Mountains]], and [[Luoxiao Mountains]] on the west; [[Huaiyu Mountains]] and [[Wuyi Mountains]] on the east; and the [[Jiulian Mountains]] ({{lang|zh|九连山}}) and [[Dayu Mountains]] in the south. The southern half of the province is hilly with ranges and valleys interspersed; while the northern half is flatter and lower in altitude. The highest point in Jiangxi is [[Mount Huanggang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|黄岗山}}) in the Wuyi Mountains, on the border with [[Fujian]]. It has an altitude of {{convert|2157|m}}.
The [[Gan River]] dominates the province, flowing through the entire length of the province from south to north. It enters [[Lake Poyang]] in the north, the largest freshwater lake of China; that lake in turn empties into the [[Yangtze River]], which forms part of the northern border of Jiangxi. Important [[Reservoir (water)|reservoirs]] include the [[Xiushui Tuolin Reservoir]] in the northwest of the province on the [[Xiushui River]], and the [[:zh:万安水库|Wan'an Reservoir(zh)]] in the upper section of the Gan.
Jiangxi has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'' under the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with short, cool, damp winters, and very hot, humid summers. Average temperatures are about {{convert|3|to|9|°C|°F}} in January and {{convert|27|to|30|°C|°F}} in July. Annual precipitation is {{convert|1200|to|1900|mm|in}}, much of it falling in the heavy rains occurring in late spring and summer.
[[Nanchang]], the provincial capital and the most densely populated city, is one of the largest Chinese [[metropolis]]es. Nanchang is the hub of [[Culture of Jiangxi|Jiangxi civilization]] throughout its history, which plays a leading role in the commercial, intellectual and industrial and political fields.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/culture/txt/2008-11/26/content_16834445_3.htm |title=www.china.com.cn |publisher=China.com.cn |date=2008-11-26 |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref> [[Ganzhou]] is the largest subdivision of Jiangxi.
Major cities in Jiangxi include:
* [[Nanchang]]
* [[Jiujiang]]
==Administrative divisions==
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi|List of township-level divisions of Jiangxi}}
Jiangxi is divided into eleven [[Administrative divisions of China#Prefectural level|prefecture-level divisions]]: all [[Prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]]:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="9" |Administrative divisions of Jiangxi
|-
| colspan="9" style="font-size:larger" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Jiangxi.svg|width=500}}
{{Image label|x=455|y=345|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Nanchang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=680|y=200|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Jingdezhen]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=20|y=590|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Pingxiang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=380|y=175|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Jiujiang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=240|y=520|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Xinyu]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=670|y=445|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Yingtan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=330|y=1000|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Ganzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=240|y=710|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Ji'an]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=260|y=395|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Yichun, Jiangxi|Yichun]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=560|y=595|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Fuzhou, Jiangxi|Fuzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=700|y=340|scale=500/1000|text='''[[Shangrao]]'''}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web| language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]]}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{cite book|language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|access-date=2015-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|archive-date=2015-05-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population 2020<ref>{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat
!! scope="col" colspan="3" | Divisions<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans |author=Ministry of Civil Affairs |script-title=zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 |date=August 2014 |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn= 978-7-5037-7130-9|author-link=Ministry of Civil Affairs }}</ref>
|-
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[District (China)|Districts]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Counties of the People's Republic of China|Counties]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[County-level city|CL cities]]
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 360000 !! Jiangxi Province
| 166,900.00 || 45,188,635 || [[Nanchang]] city || 27 || 61 || 12
|-
! 360100 !! [[Nanchang]] city
| 7,432.18 || 6,255,007 || [[Donghu District]] || 6 || 3 ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 360200 !! [[Jingdezhen]] city
| 5,256.23 || 1,618,979 || [[Changjiang District]] || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
! 360300 !! [[Pingxiang]] city
| 3,823.99 || 1,804,805 || [[Anyuan District]] || 2 || 3 ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 360400 !! [[Jiujiang]] city
| 18,796.79 || 4,600,276 || [[Xunyang District]] || 3 || 7 || 3
|-
! 360500 !! [[Xinyu]] city
| 3,177.68 || 1,202,499 || [[Yushui District]] || 1 || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 360600 !! [[Yingtan]] city
| 3,556.74 || 1,154,223 || [[Yuehu District]] || 2 ||bgcolor="grey"| || 1
|-
! 360700 !! [[Ganzhou]] city
| 39,317.14 || 8,970,014 || [[Zhanggong District]] || 3 || 13 || 2
|-
! 360800 !! [[Ji'an]] city
| 25,283.80 || 4,469,176 || [[Jizhou District, Ji'an|Jizhou District]] || 2 || 10 || 1
|-
! 360900 !! [[Yichun, Jiangxi|Yichun]] city
| 18,637.67 || 5,007,702 || [[Yuanzhou District, Yichun|Yuanzhou District]] || 1 || 6 || 3
|-
! 361000 !! [[Fuzhou, Jiangxi|Fuzhou]] city
| 18,811.12 || 3,614,866 || [[Linchuan District]] || 2 || 9 ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 361100 !! [[Shangrao]] city
| 22,826.04 || 6,491,088 || [[Xinzhou District, Shangrao|Xinzhou District]] || 3 || 8 || 1
|}
{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
! colspan="5" |Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
|-
! English !! Chinese !! Pinyin !! Gan Romanization
|-
| '''Jiangxi Province''' || {{lang|zh|江西省}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jiāngxī Shěng}} || {{transliteration|gan|kɔŋ11 śi11 sɛn2}}
|-
| [[Nanchang]] city || {{lang|zh|南昌市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Nánchāng Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|lan31 chɔŋ11 si32}}
|-
| [[Jingdezhen]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|景德镇市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jǐngdézhèn Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|ćin2 tɛt41 cǝn31 si32}}
|-
| [[Pingxiang]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|萍乡市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Píngxiāng Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|phin12 śiɔŋ11 si32}}
|-
| [[Jiujiang]] city || {{lang|zh|九江市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jiǔjiāng Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|ćiu2 kɔŋ11 si32}}
|-
| [[Xinyu]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|新余市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Xīnyú Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|śin11 y31 si32}}
|-
| [[Yingtan]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|鹰潭市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Yīngtán Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|in11 ? si32}}
|-
| [[Ganzhou]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|赣州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Gànzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|? cǝu11 si32}}
|-
| [[Ji'an]] city || {{lang|zh|吉安市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jí'ān Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|ćit41 ŋɔn11 si32}}
|-
| [[Yichun, Jiangxi|Yichun]] city || {{lang|zh|宜春市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Yíchūn Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|ńi31 chun11 si32}}
|-
| [[Fuzhou, Jiangxi|Fuzhou]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|抚州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Fǔzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|? cǝu11 si32}}
|-
| [[Shangrao]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|上饶市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Shàngráo Shì}} || {{transliteration|gan|sɔŋ32 ? si32}}
|}
These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 100 [[county-level division]]s (27 [[District of China|district]]s, 12 [[county-level cities]], and 61 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]). Those in turn are divided into 1566 [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|township-level divisions]] (830 [[town of China|town]]s, 560 [[Townships of the People's Republic of China|township]]s, 8 [[ethnic township]]s, and 168 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistrict]]s).
See [[List of administrative divisions of Jiangxi]] for a complete list of [[county-level division]]s.
===Urban areas===
{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
! colspan="6" | Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
|-
!#!!City!!style ="background-color: #aaaaff;"|Urban area<ref name ="2010PRCcensus"/>!!style ="background-color: #aaffaa;"|District area<ref name ="2010PRCcensus"/>!!style ="background-color: #ffaaaa;"|City proper<ref name ="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |others=Compiled by {{lang|zh-hans|国务院人口普查办公室}} [Department of Population Census of the State Council], {{lang|zh-hans|国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编}} [Department of Population and Social Science and Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics] |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 }}</ref>!!Census date
|-
|1||'''[[Nanchang]]'''{{efn|name=Nanchang|New district established after census: [[Xinjian District|Xinjian (Xinjian County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||2,223,661||2,357,839||5,042,566||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(1)||Nanchang {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Nanchang}}||390,719||795,412||{{small|''see Nanchang''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|2||[[Pingxiang]]||716,229||893,550||1,854,515||2010-11-01
|-
|3||[[Jiujiang]]{{efn|name=Jiujiang|New district established after census: [[Chaisang District|Chaisang (Jiujiang County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||611,321||704,986||4,728,778||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(3)||Jiujiang {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Jiujiang}}||93,035||159,909||{{small|''see Jiujiang''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|4||[[Ganzhou]]{{efn|name=Ganzhou|New districts established after census: [[Nankang District, Ganzhou|Nankang (Nankang CLC)]], [[Ganxian District|Ganxian (Ganxian County)]]. These new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||605,231||642,653||8,368,447||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(4)||Ganzhou {{small|(new districts)}}{{efn|name=Ganzhou}}||430,680||1,334,600||{{small|''see Ganzhou''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|5||[[Xinyu]]||567,820||839,488||1,138,874||2010-11-01
|-
|6||[[Fuzhou, Jiangxi|Fuzhou]]{{efn|name=Fuzhou|New district established after census: [[Dongxiang District|Dongxiang (Dongxiang County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||482,940||1,089,888||3,912,307||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(6)||Fuzhou {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Fuzhou}}||169,404||438,319||{{small|''see Fuzhou''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|7||[[Yichun, Jiangxi|Yichun]]||461,817||1,045,952||5,419,591||2010-11-01
|-
|8||[[Jingdezhen]]||430,084||473,561||1,587,477||2010-11-01
|-
|9||[[Fengcheng, Jiangxi|Fengcheng]]||379,914||1,336,392||{{small|''see Yichun''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|10||[[Ji'an]]||328,318||538,699||4,810,339||2010-11-01
|-
|11||[[Shangrao]]{{efn|name=Shangrao|New district established after census: [[Guangfeng District|Guangfeng (Guangfeng County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||298,975||416,219||6,579,747||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(11)||Shangrao {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Shangrao}}||392,302||752,953||{{small|''see Shangrao''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|12||[[Gao'an]]||295,507||811,633||{{small|''see Yichun''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|13||[[Leping]]||286,351||810,353||{{small|''see Jingdezhen''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|14||[[Ruijin]]||216,229||618,885||{{small|''see Ganzhou''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|15||[[Guixi]]||210,319||558,451||{{small|''see Yingtan''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|16||[[Yingtan]]{{efn|name=Yingtan|New district established after census: [[Yujiang District|Yujiang (Yujiang County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.}}||191,893||214,229||1,125,156||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"
|(16)||Yingtan {{small|(new district)}}{{efn|name=Yingtan}}||131,470||352,476||{{small|''see Yingtan''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|17||[[Zhangshu]]||188,586||555,120||{{small|''see Yichun''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|18||[[Ruichang]]||150,531||419,047||{{small|''see Jiujiang''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|19||[[Dexing, Jiangxi|Dexing]]||148,565||293,201||{{small|''see Shangrao''}}||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(20)||[[Gongqingcheng]]{{efn|name=Gongqingcheng|Gongqingcheng CLC was established by splitting from parts of [[De'an County]] after census.}}||118,986||118,986||{{small|''see Jiujiang''}}||2010-11-01
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
|(21)||[[Lushan City|Lushan]]{{efn|name=Lushan|Xingzi County is currently known as Lushan CLC after census.}}||101,630||245,526||{{small|''see Jiujiang''}}||2010-11-01
|-
|22||[[Jinggangshan City|Jinggangshan]]||86,673||152,310||{{small|''see Ji'an''}}||2010-11-01
|}
{{notelist}}
{{Largest cities
|largest = Most populous
|country = Jiangxi
|kind = cities
|stat_ref = Source: ''China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018'' Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |date=2019 |title=中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 |trans-title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistic Publishing House |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718211023/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|list_by_pop =
|city_1 = Nanchang
|pop_1 = 2,824,000
|img_1 = 南昌滕王阁.jpg
|city_2 = Ganzhou
|pop_2 = 1,790,000
|img_2 = 滨江广场 - panoramio.jpg
|city_3 = Fuzhou, Jiangxi{{!}}Fuzhou
|pop_3 = 806,800
|img_3 = Fuzhou, Jiangxi 20150825 173108.jpg
|city_4 = Jiujiang
|pop_4 = 774,900
|img_4 = Jiujiang 02.jpg
|city_5 = Shangrao
|pop_5 = 752,200
|city_6 = Yichun, Jiangxi{{!}}Yichun
|pop_6 = 700,000
|city_7 = Jingdezhen
|pop_7 = 535,400
|city_8 = Xinyu
|pop_8 = 485,300
|city_9 = Ji'an
|pop_9 = 483,100
|city_10 = Pingxiang
|pop_10 = 454,100
|city_11 = Fengcheng, Jiangxi{{!}}Fengcheng
|pop_11 = 375,400
|city_12 = Yingtan
|pop_12 = 305,300
|city_13 = Ruijin
|pop_13 = 302,500
|city_14 = Gao'an
|pop_14 = 268,700
|city_15 = Zhangshu
|pop_15 = 251,700
|city_16 = Ruichang
|pop_16 = 220,600
|city_17 = Leping
|pop_17 = 172,900
|city_18 = Gongqingcheng
|pop_18 = 149,000
|city_19 = Guixi
|pop_19 = 145,000
|city_20 = Dexing, Jiangxi{{!}}Dexing
|pop_20 = 83,300
}}
==Politics==
{{main|Politics of Jiangxi|List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China}}
The Politics of Jiangxi is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The [[Governor of Jiangxi]] is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangxi [[Chinese Communist Party]] Provincial [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|Committee Secretary]], colloquially termed the "Jiangxi CCP Party Chief".
==Economy==
Jiangxi was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the [[Third Front (China)|Third Front]] campaign.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Lan |first=Xiaohuan |title=How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2024 |isbn=978-981-97-0079-0 |translator-last=Topp |translator-first=Gary |doi=10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6}}</ref>{{Rp|page=298}}
[[Rice]] is the dominant crop in Jiangxi. Cash crops commonly grown include [[cotton]] and [[rapeseed]]. Jiangxi is the leading [[Kumquat production in China|producer of kumquats]] in China, particularly [[Suichuan County]].<ref name="huibu1988">{{cite book|author=Zhonghua quan guo min zhu fu nü lian he hui|title=Chung-kuo fu nü|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcmGAAAAIAAJ|access-date=16 June 2011|year=1988|publisher=Foreign Language Press}}</ref>
[[Mining industry of China|Mining-related industries]] are a major part of Jiangxi's economy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhan |first=Jing Vivian |title=China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations |date=2022 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-04898-9 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom}}</ref>{{Rp|page=23}}Jiangxi is rich in mineral resources, leading the provinces of China in deposits of [[copper]], [[tungsten]], [[gold]], [[silver]], [[uranium]], [[thorium]], [[tantalum]], [[niobium]], among others. Noted centers of mining include [[Dexing, Jiangxi|Dexing]] (copper) and [[Dayu County]] (tungsten).
It is located in extreme proximity to some of the richest provinces of China ([[Guangdong]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Fujian]]), which are sometimes blamed for taking away talent and capital from Jiangxi.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |title=Jiangxi Province: Economic News and Statistics for Jiangxi's Economy |publisher=Thechinaperspective.com |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815200822/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangxi-province/ |archive-date=2012-08-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Jiangxi has the lowest wages and third lowest property prices in all of China.,<ref name="thechinaperspective.com"/> As of 2016 Jiangxi's nominal GDP was CNY 1.84 trillion or US$276.48 billion, and a per capita of CNY 40,400 or US$6,082.<ref name="SNA2008"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
| align=center colspan=10 | '''Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province for 1978 –present''' (SNA2008)<ref name="SNA2008">''Historical GDP of Jiangxi Province'' published on ''Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook 2017'', ALSO see [http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html Jiangxi GDP Revision (Chinese)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051233/http://www.gdstats.gov.cn/tjzl/tjgb/201712/t20171209_377708.html |date=2017-12-22 }}</ref><br />(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as [[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l. dollar]] based on IMF WEO October 2017<ref>'''Purchasing power parity''' (PPP) for Chinese yuan is estimate according to [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] '''''[[World Economic Outlook|WEO]]''''' ([http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 '''October 2017''']) data; Exchange rate of CN¥ to US$ is according to State Administration of Foreign Exchange, published on [http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/Statisticaldata/AnnualData/ ''China Statistical Yearbook''].</ref>)
|- align=center
| align=center rowspan=3| year
| align=center colspan=4| '''GDP'''
| align=center colspan=3| '''GDP per capita (GDPpc)<br />''' ''based on mid-year population ''
| align=center colspan=2| '''Reference index'''
|- align=center
| align=center colspan=3| GDP  ''in millions''
| align=center rowspan=2| real<br />growth<br />(%)
| align=center colspan=3| GDPpc
| align=center colspan=2| exchange rate<br />''1 foreign currency<br /> to CNY ''
|- align=center
||[[Renminbi|CNY]]
||USD
||[[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]<br />([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l$.]])
||CNY
||USD
||PPP<br />(Int'l$.)
||USD 1
||Int'l$. 1<br />(PPP)
|- align=right
||2016||1,836,440||276,477||524,562||9.0||40,400||6082||11,540||6.6423||3.5009
|- align=right
||2015||1,672,378||268,508||471,159||9.1||36,968||5935||10,415||6.2284||3.5495
|- align=right
||2014||1,571,463||255,822||442,616||9.7||34,890||5680||9,827||6.1428||3.5504
|- align=right
||2013||1,441,019||232,678||402,868||10.1||32,122||5187||8,980||6.1932||3.5769
|- align=right
||2012||1,294,888||205,131||364,675||11.0||28,967||4589||8,158||6.3125||3.5508
|- align=right
||2011||1,170,282||181,192||333,842||12.4||26,292||4071||7,500||6.4588||3.5055
|- align=right
||2010||945,126||139,615||285,485||14.0||21,368||3156||6,454||6.7695||3.3106
|- align=right
||2009||765,518||112,065||242,444||13.2||17,437||2553||5,522||6.8310||3.1575
|- align=right
||2008||697,105||100,374||219,436||13.3||15,986||2302||5,032||6.9451||3.1768
|- align=right
||2007||580,025||76,279||192,386||13.2||13,389||1761||4,441||7.6040||3.0149
|- align=right
||2006||482,053||60,470||167,513||12.3||11,197||1405||3,891||7.9718||2.8777
|- align=right
||2005||405,676||49,523||141,894||12.9||9,478||1157||3,315||8.1917||2.8590
|- align=right
||2000||200,307||24,196||73,661||8.0||4851||586||1,784||8.2784||2.7193
|- align=right
||1995||116,973||14,007||42,857||6.8||2896||347||1,061||8.3510||2.7294
|- align=right
||1990||42,862||8,961||25,174||4.5||1134||237||666||4.7832||1.7026
|- align=right
||1985||20,789||7,079||14,831||14.8||597||203||426||2.9366||1.4017
|- align=right
||1980||11,115||7,418||7,432||4.2||342||228||229||1.4984||1.4955
|- align=right
||1978||8,700||5,595||||13.3||276||177||||1.5550||
|}
===Economic and technological development zones===
*Nanchang Export Processing Zone
Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in Nanchang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of {{convert|1|km2|2|abbr=on}} and now has built {{convert|0.31|km2|abbr=on}}. It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-export-processing-zone/ |title=Nanchang Export Processing Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref>
*Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone
Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of {{convert|231|km2|abbr=on}}, in which {{convert|32|km2|abbr=on}} have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25% industrial added value and 50% industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4% land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang High-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref>
*Nanchang Economic and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nanchang-economic-technological-development-zone/ |title=Nanchang Economic & Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=2012-12-24}}</ref>
* [[Jiujiang]] Free Trade (Tariff-free) Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江综合保税区 |url=http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang Free Trade Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063114/http://bsq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Jiujiang]] National Economical and Technological Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江国家级经济技术开发区 |url=http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |website=Jiujiang National Economical and Technological Development Zone Website |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722230112/http://jkq.jiujiang.gov.cn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Jiujiang [[Gongqingcheng]] National High-tech Industrial Development Zone<ref>{{cite web |title=九江共青城国家高新技术产业开发区 |url=http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ |website=Jiujiang Gongqingcheng National High-tech Industrial Development Zone |access-date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720063656/http://www.gongqing.gov.cn/zwzx/ztzl/gqcgxq/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Demographics==
[[File:She ethnic townships in Jiangxi.png|thumb|150px|She ethnic townships in Jiangxi]]
The population of Jiangxi is approximately 39.66 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-04/02/content_815398.htm |title=:: Xinhuanet |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2003-04-02 |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115033139/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2003-04/02/content_815398.htm |archive-date=2013-11-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  99.73% of that is [[Han Chinese]], predominantly [[Gan-speaking people|Gan]] and [[Hakka people|Hakka]]. [[Ganzhou]], Jiangxi's largest city, has an especially large number of Hakka. Ethnic minorities include [[She people|She]].
Jiangxi and [[Henan]] both have the most unbalanced gender ratios of all Chinese provinces. Based on a 2009 ''[[British Medical Journal]]'' study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1211.full |title=China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey |year=2009 |journal=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.b1211 |access-date=2012-12-24|last1=Zhu |first1=W. X. |last2=Lu |first2=L. |last3=Hesketh |first3=T. |volume=338 |pages=b1211 |pmid=19359290 |pmc=2667570 }}</ref>
{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical population
|align = none | cols = 2
|footnote    =
|1912<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1912年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref>  |23,988,000
|1928<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1928年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |20,323,000
|1936-37<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1936-37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |15,805,000
|1947<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> |12,507,000
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=2009-08-05 }}</ref> |16,772,865
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=2012-09-14 }}</ref> |21,068,019
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10 }}</ref> |33,184,827
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=2012-06-19 }}</ref> |37,710,281
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=2012-08-29 }}</ref> |40,397,598
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=2013-07-27 }}</ref> |44,567,475
}}
In 2019 the most-common surname in Jiangxi was [[Liu (surname)|Liú]] (刘), the only province where this was the case. Overall Liu is the fourth-most common surname in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bjnews.com.cn/news/2020/01/20/676822.html|title = 新京报 - 好新闻，无止境}}</ref>
=== Religion ===
{{See also|Christianity in Jiangxi}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Jiangxi<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2015-09-25 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.}}
|label1 = [[Chinese folk religion]]
|value1 = 24.05
|color1 = FireBrick
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|value2 = 2.31
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = Other religions or not religious people{{NoteTag|This may include:
* [[Buddhism|Buddhists]];
* [[Confucianism|Confucians]];
* [[Chinese folk religion|Deity worshippers]];
* [[Taoism|Taoists]];
* Members of [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]];
* Small minorities of [[Muslim]]s;
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.}}
|value3 = 73.64
|color3 = Honeydew
}}
The predominant religions in Jiangxi are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 24.05% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 2.31% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015" />
The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 73.64% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]].
{|
|<gallery mode="packed" style="line-height:130%;">
File:Shangdi and Doumu altar in Chengxu Temple, Zhouzhuang, Jiangxi.jpg|Altar of [[Shangdi]] and [[Doumu]] at the [[Chengxu Temple]] (Taoist) in [[Zhouzhuang]].
File:Nanchang Youmin Si 20120712-03.jpg|Youmin Buddhist Temple in [[Nanchong]].
</gallery>
|}
==Culture==
[[Image:Porcelain Workshop, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.jpg|thumb|left|Porcelain workshop in Jingdezhen.]]
{{main|Culture of Jiangxi}}
Jiangxi is the main area of concentration of the [[Gan Chinese|Gan]] varieties of [[Chinese language|Chinese]], spoken over most of the northern two-thirds of the province. Examples include the [[Nanchang dialect]], [[Yichun dialect]] and [[Ji'an dialect]]. The southern one-third of the province speaks [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]. There are also [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]], and [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] dialects spoken along the northern border.
[[Ganju (Jiangxi Opera)|Ganju]] (Jiangxi opera) is the type of [[Chinese opera]] performed in Jiangxi.
Although little known outside of the province, [[Jiangxi cuisine]] is rich and distinctive. Flavors are some of the strongest in China, with heavy use of [[chili pepper]]s and especially [[pickling|pickled]] and [[fermentation (food)|fermented]] products.
[[Jingdezhen]] is widely regarded as the producer of the best [[porcelain]] in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2017-09-15/jingdezhen-where-emperors-got-their-porcelain-101145647.html|title=Jingdezhen: Where Emperors Got Their Porcelain - Caixin Global|website=www.caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref>
Jiangxi also was a historical center of [[Chan Buddhism]].
Prominent examples of [[Hakka architecture]] can be found in Jiangxi.
==Transportation==
As of January 2015, Jiangxi had two [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|Yangtze River crossings]], both in Jiujiang.
===Rail===
The [[Beijing–Kowloon Railway]] and [[Shanghai–Kunming Railway]] crisscross the province and intersect at Nanchang, which also has a [[Nanchang–Jiujiang Intercity Railway|high-speed rail link to Jiujiang]]. In addition, Jiangxi is connected by rail to Anhui Province via the [[Anhui–Jiangxi Railway|Anhui–Jiangxi]] and [[Tongling–Jiujiang Railway]]s; to Hubei via the [[Wuhan–Jiujiang Railway]]; and to Fujian via the [[Yingtan–Xiamen Railway|Yingtan–Xiamen]], [[Hengfeng–Nanping Railway|Hengfeng–Nanping]], [[Ganzhou–Longyan Railway|Ganzhou–Longyan]] and [[Xiangtang–Putian Railway]]s.
==Tourism==
[[Image:Mount Lushan - fog.JPG|right|thumb|The mountain peaks of Mount Lu National Park.]]
There are several famous mountains in Jiangxi Province, including [[Mount Lu]] in [[Jiujiang]], Mount jinggang at the border of Jiangxi province and Hunan province, Mount Sanqing in Yushan county.
Near the northern port city of [[Jiujiang]] lies the well-known resort area of [[Mount Lu]]. Also near the city is the [[Donglin Temple (Jiujiang)|Donglin Temple]], an important [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple in china.
Near the small city of [[Yingtan]] is the resort area of [[Longhushan]], which purports to be the birthplace of [[Taoism]] and hence has great symbolic value to Taoists. The region has many temples, cave complexes, mountains and villages.
The [[Mountain Lu National Park|Mount Lu National Park]] has been a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 1996.
[[Kuling, Jiujiang|Kuling]] located on the top of [[Mountain Lu|Mount Lu]] is a summer resort developed by European in the 19th century. There were 3000 European living in [[Kuling, Jiujiang|Kuling]], Mount Lu, [[Jiujiang]] in summer time in 1920 s.
In 2007, Jiangxi (specifically the [[Mount Lu West Sea]], located in [[Jiujiang]]) was the filming location for the fifteenth series of the American TV show ''[[Survivor: China|Survivor]]''.
==Flora and fauna==
The mountainous terrain and large forest coverage of Jiangxi has made it historically one of the more wild places of central China. [[South China tiger]]s have been seen as recently as fifteen or twenty years ago and projects are underway to document evidence of existing tigers, if there are any. Several mountain areas along the northern border with Hunan and Hubei are potential sites for "wilderness" preserves specifically for protecting or even reintroducing tigers.
Other wildlife, though not plentiful, are more numerous in Jiangxi than in many other developed areas of China. Numerous species of birds are common, especially around the marshes of Lake Poyang in the north. Though protected, mammals such as [[muntjac]], wild boar, civet cats, and [[pangolin]]s, are still common enough that they'll even occasionally be seen in markets for sale as game meat, or possibly even in a forest.
The late [[Paleocene]] [[Mesonychidae|mesonychid]], ''[[Jiangxia chaotoensis]]'' was found in the province, and named after it.
==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
{{main|List of universities and colleges in Jiangxi}}
List of colleges and universities in Jiangxi:
*[[University of Jiujiang]]
*[[Jiangxi College of Foreign Studies]] (江西外语外贸职业学院)<!--English name from http://test15.jxcfs.com/news-show-2.html , Chinese name from https://archive.today/20130906181318/http://www.jxcfs.com/ or  http://www.jxcfs.com/ -->
* [[East China University of Technology]]
* [[East China Jiaotong University]]
* [[Jiangxi Agricultural University]]
* [[Jiangxi Institute of Education]]
* [[Jiangxi Normal University]]
* [[Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University]]
* [[Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics]]
* [[Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute]]
* [[Jinggangshan University]]
* [[Nanchang Institute of Technology]]
* [[Nanchang Hangkong University]]
* [[Nanchang University]]
* [[Xinyu University]]
* [[Yichun University]]
==Sister provinces==
*{{flagdeco|Finland}} [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]], Finland
*{{flagdeco|NZ}} [[Bay of Plenty Region]], New Zealand
*{{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Okayama Prefecture]], Japan
*{{flagdeco|PHL}} [[Bohol]], Philippines
*{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Hesse]], Germany
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Kentucky]], United States
*{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], Brazil<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |title=:: Notícias MS |publisher=Noticias.ms.gov.br |date=2009-10-23 |access-date=2012-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228221504/http://www.noticias.ms.gov.br/index.php?templat=vis&site=136&id_comp=1068&id_reg=85352&voltar=home&site_reg=136&id_comp_orig=1068 |archive-date=2012-02-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|MYS}} [[Sabah]], Malaysia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/04/21/sabah-and-china-jiangxi-look-to-become-sister-provinces-says-shafie/|title=Sabah and China's Jiangxi look to become 'sister provinces', says Shafie|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=21 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/04/22/sabah-jiangxi-sign-friendship-pact/|title=Sabah, Jiangxi sign friendship pact|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=22 April 2019|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[Major national historical and cultural sites (Jiangxi)|Major national historical and cultural sites in Jiangxi]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons}}
{{Wiktionary|Jiangxi|Kiangsi}}
{{EB1911 Poster|Kiang-Si}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* {{in lang|zh}} [http://www.jiangxi.gov.cn Jiangxi Government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027224222/http://www.jiangxi.gov.cn/ |date=2009-10-27 }}
* [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3049 "Map of Jiangxi Province with Explanations"] from 1573 CE - 1620 CE
* [http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/jiangxi.htm Economic profile for Jiangxi] at [[Hong Kong Trade Development Council|HKTDC]]
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Jiangxi
|North     = [[Anhui]]
|Northeast = [[Zhejiang]]
|East      = [[Fujian]]
|Southeast =
|South     = [[Guangdong]]
|Southwest =
|West      = [[Hunan]]
|Northwest = [[Hubei]]
}}
{{Jiangxi topics}}
{{Jiangxi}}
{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Jiangxi| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:East China]]