View source for José Osorio, 9th Duke of Sesto

{{Short description|Spanish nobleman, politician and army officer}}
{{more sources|date=November 2024}}
{{family name hatnote|Osorio|Silva|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = The Duke of Sesto
| image               = Exposition universelle de 1900 - portraits des commissaires généraux-José Osorio y Silva.jpg
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| caption             = The Duke of Sesto in diplomatic uniform at the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|Exposition Universelle]], 1900
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| office              = [[Mayor of Madrid]]
| monarch             = [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]]
| term_start          = 16 October 1857
| term_end            = 6 October 1864
| succeeding          = <!--For President-elect or equivalent-->
| predecessor         = [[Carlos Marfori y Callejas|Carlos Marfori]]
| successor           = [[José Mesía del Barco, 3rd Duke of Tamames|José Mesía del Barco]]
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1825|4|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place         = [[Madrid, Spain]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age |1909|12|30 |1825|4|04 |df=yes}}
| death_place         = [[Madrid, Spain]]
| restingplace        =
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| birthname           = José Osorio y Silva
| nationality         = [[Spain|Spanish]]
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| footnotes           = <!--Military service-->
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| honorific_prefix    = [[The Most Excellent]]
| honorific_suffix    = [[Grandee|GE]]
}}
{{Expand Spanish|date=January 2016}}
'''José Osorio y Silva, 9th Duke of Sesto, 16th Duke of Alburquerque, 17th Marquess of Alcañices''' (4 April 1825 – 30 December 1909), was a Spanish nobleman, politician and army officer. He was also known by one of his titles, Duke of Sesto, inherited from his father, and by nicknames [[Pepe]] Osorio or Pepe Alcañices. He was head and representative of the houses of Alcañices, Alburquerque and los Balbases, causing a [[personal union]] of sixteen noble titles and four grandee titles. He is also considered one of the most notable [[mayors of Madrid]], serving from 1857 to 1864. Prior to this, during the 1850s and briefly in 1876 he was a Deputy for [[Segovia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Buscador histórico - Congreso de los Diputados |url=https://www.congreso.es/es/web/guest/historico-diputados?p_p_id=historicodiputados&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&_historicodiputados_mvcRenderCommandName=indiceDiputado&_historicodiputados_ndip=(83760) |website=www.congreso.es |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref>
He had inherited strong monarchist convictions as a result of his education and family tradition. During the [[Glorious Revolution (Spain)|Glorious Revolution]] he convinced [[Isabel II of Spain|Isabel II]] that the only way to re-establish the monarchy was for her to abdicate - he was the first to sign the abdication document and became so involved in the process that the queen told her son "Alfonso, shake hands with Pepe, who has managed to make you king". During the royal family's exile he paid their expenses and put his residence in [[Deauville]] at their disposal.
He then paved the way for the [[Restoration (Spain)|restoration of the monarchy]] and the accession of Isabel's son [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]], on which he spent much of his family fortune. Alfonso XII came to look on him as a second father and throughout Alfonso's life José was his best friend and main advisor. He also acted as mentor to prince Alfonso (the future [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]]) and José's wife, the Russian princess [[Sofia Sergeyevna Trubetskaya|Sofía Troubetzkaya]], built up support for the restoration socially among the Spanish nobility while José's friend [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]] consolidated support politically.
On Alfonso XII's death in 1885, José was disgraced before his widow [[Maria Christina of Austria]] and left the Spanish court. He briefly returned to be the vice-president of the Senate form 1898 to 1899.<ref>{{cite web |title=PÉREZ OSORIO Y SILVA, JOSÉ. MARQUÉS DE ALCAÑICES Y DUQUE DE SESTO |url=https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/senadohistoria/senado18341923/senadores/fichasenador/index.html?id1=76 |website=www.senado.es |access-date=16 November 2024 |language=es}}</ref> He spent his last years back in politics as well as on business and leisure travel across Europe with his wife. He died aged 84 in his palace of [[Paseo de Recoletos]] on the thirty-fifth anniversary of the start of the restoration of the monarchy. He left no children and named his nephew Miguel Osorio y Martos as his heir.
==Life==
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===Childhood===
He was born in [[Madrid]], in the palace of Alcañices, on 4 April 1821, the son of Nicolás Osorio y Zayas (1793-1866), marquis of Alcañices and of los Balbases, [[Duke of Alburquerque]], the owner of 18 titles of nobility and 6 [[Grandee|grandeeships of Spain]]. The marquis held several offices of the Spanish Crown, such as [[Mayordomo mayor|High Steward]] to king consort [[Francisco de Asís de Borbón]], Steward and [[Caballerizo mayor|Great Equerry]] to [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1851–1931)|Infanta Isabel]], [[Prince of Asturias|Princess of Asturias]], [[Gentilhombres Grandes de España con ejercicio y servidumbre|Gentleman of the Bedchamber Grandee of Spain]] to queen [[Isabel II of Spain]] and tutor to prince Alfonso, later [[Alfonso XII of Spain]].
[[File:Jose Osorio y Silva, duque de Sesto.jpg|thumb|The Duke of Sesto in 1866]]
His mother was Inés de Silva y Téllez-Girón (1806-1865), daughter of [[José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán y Waldstein|José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán]], 10th marquis of Santa Cruz de Mudela, grandee of Spain and of [[Joaquina Téllez-Girón, Marquise of Santa Cruz|Joaquina Téllez-Girón y Pimentel]], Countess of Osilo. He had six siblings of whom only Joaquín survived to adulthood. José had a close relationship with his brother Joaquín throughout his life and ceded the title of count of la Corzana to him and his descendants on marrying María de las Mercedes de Heredia y Zafra-Vázquez, 3rd marquise of los Arenales.
From a young age he was tutored by some of the most prestigious teachers of the time, learning to speak English, French and Italian. In 1833 he attended the Masarnau school in Madrid,<ref>{{cite web |title=José Isidro Pérez Osorio y Silva Zayas y Téllez Girón {{!}} Real Academia de la Historia |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/55755/jose-isidro-perez-osorio-y-silva-zayas-y-tellez-giron |website=dbe.rah.es |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref> an institution linked to the [[Complutense University of Madrid|University of Madrid]]. The family would spend their summers in [[Cuéllar]] ([[Province of Segovia|Segovia]]), at the [[Cuéllar Castle|castle]] owned by the family and which had been used for this purpose since the Dukes of Alburquerque went to live near the Royal Court. They would also often visit [[Ledesma, Salamanca|Ledesma]] ([[Province of Salamanca|Salamanca]]) during the holidays. During his childhood he was a frequent visitor of the [[Royal Palace of Madrid]] together with his mother, who was a close friend of queen [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies|María Cristina]] and, after the death of the king and subsequent start of the [[First Carlist War]], the family went into exile in Italy, settling in turn in Rome, Naples and Palermo.
[[File:Jose Osorio vestido con traje de la Orden de Carlos III.jpg|thumb|Osorio in robes of the [[Order of Charles III]], 1864]]
===Equestrian pursuits===
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===Mayor of Madrid===
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===Education of the prince and exile===
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===Involvement in the Restoration===
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===Re-establishment of the monarchy===
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===Final years at court===
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===Old age===
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===Illness and death===
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== Heraldry  ==
<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="265" caption="Heraldry of José Osorio, Marquess of Alcañices">
File:Escudo de José Isidro Osorio y Silva-Bazán.svg|Coat of Arms as Marquess of Alcañices (1866-1909)
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/o/osorio_jose.htm Biografiasyvidas.com]
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:19th-century Spanish military personnel]]
[[Category:19th-century Spanish nobility]]
[[Category:Civil governors of Madrid]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:1825 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]