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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}[[Image:Joseph Franz Graf Auersperg.jpg|thumb|Joseph Franz Auersperg<br />(1734–1795)]]
'''Josef Franz Anton Graf von Auersperg''' (31 January 1734, [[Vienna]] – 21 August 1795, [[Passau]]) was an Austrian bishop, [[prince bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau|Passau]] and cardinal. He was a member of the [[House of Auersperg]].
==Life==
Joseph Franz Anton von Auersperg was born in Vienna, the son of [[Heinrich Joseph Johann of Auersperg|Heinrich Joseph]] 4th Prince von Auersperg, [[Duchy of Münsterberg|Duke of Münsterberg and Frankenstein]] in Silesia, and Maria Franziska von Trautson und Falkenstein.<ref name=Metnitz>[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116212772.html#ndbcontent Metnitz, Gustav Adolf, "Auersperg, Joseph Franz Anton Graf von und zu", ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' 1 (1953), S. 438]</ref> His father was an imperial councillor and chief equerry. He studied philosophy in Vienna and theology in Rome. Already in his youth he received a canonry in [[Passau]] (1752) and [[Salzburg]] (1753) as well as the provostship of [[Ardagger]].
===Bishop===
At the instigation of Salzburg Archbishop [[Sigismund von Schrattenbach]], he became [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant|Bishop of Lavant]] in 1763 at the age of only 28 and was consecrated bishop in Salzburg on 20 May 1763. In 1773 he also received the provostship of St. Mauritzen in [[Friesach]]. He had the bishop's residence in St. Andrä in the Lavant Valley, which had been badly damaged by an earthquake, restored partly from his own fortune. Imbued with the ideas of [[Age of Enlightenment|The Enlightenment]], in 1770 he even prohibited the Passion Play and the wearing of crosses without taking into account the feelings of the people. Auersperg was a [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Knight of Malta]].<ref name=Metnitz/>
===Prince-bishop===
He was confirmed [[Bishop of Gurk]] on 31 January 1773,<ref name=Metnitz/> enthroned in Gurk Cathedral on 1 May, and ruled in the spirit of the enlightened state church until 1783. A dedicated follower of [[Josephinism]], the Gurk diocese received an accession of territory by the Emperor in 1775.
He published a pastoral letter about the 1782 Imperial Edict of Tolerance,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=58pDAQAAMAAJ&dq=Joseph+Franz+Auersperg&pg=PA52 Blair, John Hamilton. ''The Policy of the Emperor Joseph II in Regard to Religious Toleration'', Harvard University, 1908, p. 52]</ref>
which among other things, extended religious freedom to the Jewish population in the Austrian empire. In the future, confessional mixed marriages were no longer to require Catholic education of the children, the use of the rosary and holy water was to be permitted only with the greatest caution, and the hanging of pennies and other customs that could strengthen the superstition of the people were to be forbidden. For this he received the greatest praise from [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Joseph II]].<ref name=Miranda/> However, the bishop met with great protest from a large part of the faithful.
[[File:Schloss Poeckstein-Ostansicht.JPG|thumb|Schloss Poeckstein]]
Through numerous ecclesiastical reforms, he made his diocese a model of a state-church diocesan administration. Here he had Pöckstein Castle built by Johann Georg von Hagenauer. During the cooperation for a new diocesan regulation of Inner Austria, Auersperg's proposal to elevate the diocese of Gurk to an archdiocese was not accepted. On the occasion of the first papal visit to Austria by [[Pope Pius VI]], Auersperg traveled to [[Ljubljana]] to greet the guest there on 16 March 1782, on the pope's way to Vienna.<ref name=Miranda/>
The Passau cathedral chapter elected Auersperg as bishop on 19 May 1783, after Emperor Joseph II had separated the Austrian parts from the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau|diocese of Passau]] immediately after the death of Cardinal [[Leopold Ernst von Firmian]]. The new prince-bishop was unable to change the Emperor's mind and renounced all diocesan rights in the Austrian territories.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11519a.htm Lins, Joseph. "Diocese of Passau." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 19 August 2023 {{PD-notice}}</ref>
Supported by his brother Count Johann von Auersperg, whom he made vicar general, he carried out drastic reforms in the following years. He fought against various forms of popular piety, had images of saints removed that were objected to during visitations, and forbade sermons against Protestants. He promoted the care of the poor and the sick and at the same time had begging banned under penalty of law. He excelled as a builder and patron of the arts in the diocese of Passau. Theater and opera, which he saw as educational institutions, flourished under him. On 30 March 1789, Pope Pius VI appointed him a cardinal.<ref name=Miranda>[https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1789.htm Miranda, Salvador. "Auersperg, Josef Franz Anton von", Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Florida International University]</ref>
[[Image:Auersperg 1.JPG|thumb|Auersperg's coffin in Passau]]
Under Auersperg, in addition to the court theater with the Redoutenhaus, schoolhouses, hospitals, administrative buildings, roads and bridges were built, in particular the Inn promenade in Passau. He had court architect and lifelong friend Johann Georg von Hagenauer build Schloss Freudenhain as a summer residence, which included an important park. He was awarded the grand cross of the Austrian Order of Sankt Stefan in 1791.
He died unexpectedly at the age of 61 in his villa in the Holländerdörferl, an artificial village in the middle of the park. He was buried in the crypt of Passau Cathedral.
==References==
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[[Category:1734 births]]
[[Category:1795 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Austrian cardinals]]
[[Category:Clergy from Vienna]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Passau]]
[[Category:Bishops of Lavant]]
[[Category:House of Auersperg]]