View source for Ju Si-gyeong

{{Short description|Korean linguist (1876–1914)}}
{{family name hatnote|Ju||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox person
|name=Ju Si-gyeong
|image=Ju Si-gyeong 1876-1914 portrait from 周時經先生遺稿.png
|birth_date={{Birth date|1876|12|22}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|1914|07|27|1876|12|22}}
|birth_place=[[Pongsan County|Pongsan-gun]], [[Hwanghae Province]], [[Joseon]]
|occupation=Linguist
|known_for=Early contributions to Korean linguistics, naming [[Hangul]]
|module={{Infobox Korean name
|hangul=주시경
|hanja=周時經
|rr=Ju Sigyeong
|mr=Chu Sigyŏng
|hangulho=한힌샘, 한흰메
|hanjaho=
|rrho=Hanhinsaem, Hanhuinme
|mrho=Hanhinsaem, Hanhŭinme
|hangulja=상호
|hanjaja=相鎬
|rrja=Sangho
|mrja=Sangho
|child=yes
}}
}}
'''Ju Sigyeong''' ({{Korean|hangul=주시경}}; December 22, 1876 – July 27, 1914) was one of the founders of modern Korean [[linguistics]]. He was born in [[Pongsan County|Pongsan-gun]], [[Hwanghae Province]] in 1876. He helped to standardize the [[Korean language]], based on the [[spelling]] and [[grammar]] of vernacular Korean.
==Biography==
Ju Sigyeong was born in [[Hwanghae Province]], in what is now North Korea. He studied [[Classical Chinese]] from an early age. In 1887 he moved to [[Seoul]] and studied [[linguistics]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Hangeul : Korea's unique alphabet|date=2010|publisher=Seoul Selection|others=Han'guk Kukche Kyoryu Chaedan.|isbn=978-89-91913-69-1|location=Seoul, Korea|oclc=701026158}}</ref> In 1896, he found work in the first Hangeul-only newspaper, ''[[Dongnip Sinmun]]'',<ref name=":0" /> founded by the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korean independence]] activist [[Seo Jae-pil]]. In 1897, Seo Jae-pil was sent into exile to the [[United States]], and Ju Sigyeong left the newspaper.
Interested in Western linguistics and teaching methods, Ju Sigyeong served as a Korean instructor for the American missionary [[William B. Scranton]], founder of today's [[Ewha Womans University]].<ref name=":0" />
==Standardizing Korean Language==
Having realized the need of a standardized Korean alphabet,<ref name=":0" /> Ju Sigyeong established the Korean Language System Society ({{Korean|hangul=조선문동식회|hanja=朝鮮文同式會|labels=no}}) in 1886 along with several of his colleagues.<ref name=":0" /> Ju also hosted several seminars in the National Language Discussion Centre of the Sangdong Youth Academy of the Korean language ({{Korean|hangul=상동청년학원국어강습소|hanja=尚洞青年學院國語講習所|labels=no}}).
Ju proposed that the  Korean [[parts of speech]] include [[noun]]s, [[verb]]s, [[adjective]]s, [[adverb]]s,  un[[Grammatical conjugation|conjugated]] [[adjective]]s ({{Korean|hangul=관형사|hanja=冠形詞|labels=no}}), [[auxiliary verb|auxiliaries]] ({{Korean|hangul=조사|hanja=助詞|labels=no}}), [[Grammatical conjunction|conjunctions]], [[wikt:exclamation|exclamation]]s, and [[sentence-final particle]]s ({{Korean|hangul=종지사|hanja=終止詞|labels=no}}). Ju Sigyeong coined the name ''[[Hangul]]'' ({{lang|ko|한글}}) between 1910 and 1913 to identify the Korean writing system, which had previously existed under several other names, such as ''eonmun'' ({{lang|ko|언문}}, vernacular script), since the 15th century.
In his 1914 publication, ''Sounds of the Language'' ({{lang|ko|말의 소리}}), he promoted writing Hangul [[Writing system#Graphic classification|linearly]] rather than [[Syllabary|syllabically]]. This is one of his few proposals not to have been implemented in modern Korean linguistics, although there have been experiments with linear Hangul, most notably in [[Primorsky Krai]].
== Publications ==
* ''The History of the Downfall of Vietnam'' ({{Korean|hangul=월남망국사|hanja=越南亡國史|labels=no}}) (1907)
* ''The National Language Classical Phonetics '' ({{Korean|hangul=국어문전음학|hanja=國語文典音學|labels=no}}) (1908) (based on his lecture notes)
* ''An Introduction to the Chinese Language '' ({{Korean|hangul=한문초습|hanja=漢文初習|labels=no}}) (1909)
* ''An Introduction to the National Language '' ({{Korean|hangul=국문초학|hanja=國文初學|labels=no}}) (1910)
* ''The Grammar of the National Language'' ({{Korean|hangul=국어문법|hanja=國語文法|labels=no}}) (1910)
* ''Sounds of the Language'' ({{lang|ko|말의 소리}}) (1914)
==See also==
* [[Shinpei Ogura]]
* [[South Korean standard language]]
* [[North Korean standard language]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071212171313/http://user.chol.com/~tnsl/html/d47-1.htm 주시경 (Ju Si-kyeong)] {{in lang|ko}} a biography with a photo
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ju, Sigyeong}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
[[Category:History of Korea]]
[[Category:South Korean Protestants]]
[[Category:Converts to Christianity]]
[[Category:Sangju Ju clan]]
[[Category:People from North Hwanghae Province]]
[[Category:Linguists from Korea]]
[[Category:20th-century linguists]]
[[Category:Linguists of Korean]]
[[Category:Burials at Seoul National Cemetery]]