View source for Kagyu

{{Short description|School of Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{multiple image
| image1 = Mahasiddha_Naropa.jpg
| image2 = Maitripa.JPG
| image3 = Shangpadakininiguma.jpg
| image4 = Marpa Chokyi Lodro.jpg
| footer = Clockwise from upper left: [[Naropa]], [[Maitripa]], [[Marpa Lotsawa]] and [[Niguma]].
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 300
}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{Vajrayana}}
{{MahayanaBuddhism}}
{{Buddhism}}
The '''''Kagyu''''' school, also transliterated as '''''Kagyü''''', or '''''Kagyud''''' ({{bo|t=བཀའ་བརྒྱུད།|w=bka' brgyud}}), which translates to "Oral Lineage" or "Whispered Transmission" school, is one of the main schools (''chos lugs'') of [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan (or Himalayan) Buddhism]]. The Kagyu lineages trace themselves back to the 11th century Indian [[Mahasiddha]]s [[Naropa]], [[Maitripa]] and the [[yogini]] [[Niguma]], via their student [[Marpa Lotsawa]] (1012–1097), who brought their teachings to Tibet. Marpa's student [[Milarepa]] was also an influential poet and teacher.
The Tibetan Kagyu tradition gave rise to a large number of independent sub-schools and lineages. The principal Kagyu lineages existing today as independent schools are those which stem from Milarepa's disciple, [[Gampopa]] (1079–1153), a monk who merged the Kagyu lineage with the [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadam]] tradition.<ref>Duff, Tony, ''Gampopa Teaches Essence Mahamudra'', p. xii</ref> The Kagyu schools which survive as independent institutions are mainly the [[Karma Kagyu]], [[Drikung Kagyu]], [[Drukpa Lineage]] and the [[Taklung Kagyu]].{{sfn|Powers|2007|p=402}} The Karma Kagyu school is the largest of the sub-schools, and is headed by the [[Karmapa]]. Other lineages of Kagyu teachings, such as the [[Shangpa Kagyu]], are preserved in other schools.
The main teachings of the Kagyus include [[Mahamudra]] and the [[Six Dharmas of Naropa]].
==Nomenclature, orthography and etymology==
Strictly speaking, the term ''bka' brgyud'' "oral lineage", "precept transmission" applies to any line of transmission of an esoteric teaching from teacher to disciple. There are references to the "[[Atiśa]] kagyu" for the [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadam]] or to "Jonang kagyu" for the [[Jonang]] and  "Ganden kagyu" for the [[Gelug]] sects.{{sfn|Smith|Schaeffer|2001|p=40}} Today, however, the term Kagyu almost always refers to the [[Dagpo Kagyu]] and, less often, to the [[Shangpa Kagyu]].
==="Kagyu" and "Kargyu"===
In his 1970 article ''Golden Rosaries of the Bka' brgyud schools'', [[E. Gene Smith]] discusses the two forms of the name, {{bo|w=bka' brgyud}} and {{bo|w=dkar brgyud}}:
{{blockquote|A note is in order regarding the two forms Dkar brgyud pa and Bka' brgyud pa. The term Bka' brgyud pa simply applies to any line of transmission of an esoteric teaching from teacher to disciple. We can properly speak of a Jo nang Bka' brgyud pa or Dge ldan Bka' brgyud pa for the Jo nang pa and Dge lugs pa sects. The adherents of the sects that practice the teachings centering around the ''Phyag rgya chen po'' and the'' Nā ro chos drug'' are properly referred to as the Dwags po Bka' brgyud pa because these teachings were all transmitted through Sgam po pa. Similar teachings and practices centering around the'' Ni gu chos drug'' are distinctive of the Shangs pa Bka' brgyud pa. These two traditions with their offshoots are often incorrectly referred to simply as Bka' brgyud pa.
Some of the more careful Tibetan scholars suggested that the term Dkar brgyud pa be used to refer to the Dwags po Bka' brgyud pa, Shangs pa Bka' brgyud pa and a few minor traditions transmitted by Nā ro pa, Mar pa, Mi la ras pa, or Ras chung pa but did not pass through Sgam po pa. The term Dkar brgyud pa refers to the use of the white cotton meditation garment by all these lineages. This complex is what is normally known, inaccuratly, as the Bka' brgyud pa. Thu'u kwan Blo bzang chos kyi nyi ma sums up the matter: "In some later 'Brug pa texts the written form 'Dkar brgyud' indeed appears, because [[Marpa Lotsawa|Mar pa]], [[Milarepa|Mi la]], Gling ras, and others wore only white cotton cloth. Nevertheless, it is fine if [they] are all called Bka' brgyud." At Thu'u kwan's suggestion, then, we will side with convention and use the term "Bka' brgyud."{{sfn|Smith|Schaeffer|2001|p=40}}}}
One source indicates:
{{blockquote|[T]he term "Kagyu" derives from the Tibetan phrase meaning "Lineage of the Four Commissioners" (''ka-bab-shi'i-gyu-pa''). This four-fold lineage is
# the illusory body and transference yogas of the ''[[Guhyasamāja Tantra|Guhyasamaja]]'' and ''Chatushpitha Tantra'', transmitted through [[Tilopa]], [[Nagarjuna]], [[Indrabhuti]], and [[Saraha]];
# the dream yoga practice of the [[Mahamaya Tantra|Mahamaya]] from Tilopa, Charyapa, and [[Kukkuripa|Kukuripa]];
# the clear-light yoga of the ''[[Cakrasaṃvara Tantra|Chakrasamvara]], [[Hevajra]]'', and other [[Tibetan Buddhist canon#Mother Tantra|Mother Tantras]], as transmitted from Hevajra, Dombipa, and Lavapa; and
# the inner-heat yoga, Kamadevavajra, Padmavajra, Dakini, Kalpabhadra, and Tilopa.{{sfn|Thurman|2003|p=42}}}}
==Origins==
Kagyu begins in Tibet with [[Marpa Lotsawa]] (1012–1097) a Tibetan [[Householder (Buddhism)|householder]] who trained as a translator with [[lotsawa]] [[Drogmi Shākya Yeshe]] (993–1050), and then traveled three times to India and four times to Nepal in search of religious teachings.{{sfn|Powers|2007|p=401}} His principal gurus were the siddhas [[Naropa|Nāropa]] - from whom he received the "close lineage" of [[Mahamudra|mahāmudrā]] and tantric teachings, and [[Maitripada|Maitrīpāda]] - from whom he received the "distant lineage" of mahāmudrā.
Together Marpa, Milarepa and Gampopa are known as "Mar-Mi-Dag Sum" ({{bo|w=mar mi dwags gsum}}) and together these three are considered the founders of the Kagyu school of Buddhism in Tibet.
===Indian origins===
Marpa's guru Nāropa (1016–1100) was the principal disciple of [[Tilopa]] (988-1089) from East Bengal. From his own teachers Tilopa received the ''Four Lineages of Instructions'' ({{bo|w=bka<nowiki>'</nowiki> babs bzhi}}),{{efn|These four lineages of instruction are enumerated by Situ Panchen as: 1. The instructions on [[mahamudra|mahāmudrā]] ({{bo|w=phyag rgya chen po<nowiki>'</nowiki>i gdam ngags}}); 2. The instructions on [[tummo]] or "heat yoga" ({{bo|w=gtum mo<nowiki>'</nowiki>i bka<nowiki>'</nowiki> babs}}, Sanskrit ''caṇḍāli''); 3. The instructions on [[luminosity (Vajrayana)|luminosity]] ({{bo|w=<nowiki>'</nowiki>od gsal kyi bka<nowiki>'</nowiki> babs}}); 4. The instructions on [[Karmamudrā]] ({{bo|w=las kyi phyags rgya<nowiki>'</nowiki>i bka babs}}) }} which he passed on to Nāropa who codified them into what became known as the Six Doctrines or [[Six Dharmas of Naropa]]. These instructions consist a combination of the [[completion stage]] (Skt. ''sampannakrama''; Tib. ''rdzogs rim'') practices of different Buddhist highest yoga tantras (Skt. ''[[Anuttarayoga Tantra]]''; {{bo|w=bla med rgyud}}), which use the [[lung (Tibetan Buddhism)|energy-winds]] (Skt. ''vāyu'', {{bo|w=rlung}}), energy-channels (Skt. ''nāḍi'', {{bo|w=rtsa}}) and energy-drops of the subtle ''vajra''-body in order to achieve the four types of bliss, the clear-light mind and realize the state of Mahāmudrā.
The Mahāmudrā lineage of Tilopa and Nāropa is called the "direct lineage" or "close lineage" as it is said that Tilopa received this Mahāmudrā realisation directly from the [[Dharmakāya]] Buddha [[Vajradhara]] and this was transmitted only through Nāropa to Marpa.
The "distant lineage" of Mahāmudrā is said to have come from the Buddha in the form of Vajradara through incarnations of the bodhisattvas [[Avalokiteśvara]] and [[Mañjuśrī]] to [[Saraha]], then from him through Nagarjuna, [[Shavaripa]], and Maitripada to Marpa. The Mahāmudrā teachings from Saraha that Maitripa transmitted to Marpa include the "Essence Mahāmudrā" ({{bo|w=snying po'i phyag chen}}) where Mahāmudrā is introduced directly without relying on philosophical reasoning or yogic practices.
According to some accounts, on his third journey to India Marpa also met [[Atiśa]] (982–1054) who later came to Tibet and helped found the [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadam]] lineage<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamayeshe.com/otherteachers/atisha/tibet.shtml |title=Atisha and the Restoration of Buddhism in Tibet by Gurugana Dharmakaranama |publisher=Lamayeshe.com |date=2010-04-11 |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>
===Marpa and his successors (Marpa Kagyu)===
[[File:Lotsawa Marpa Chokyi Lodro.jpg|thumb|right|Lotsawa Marpa Chokyi Lodro]]
[[File:Bhutanese painted thanka of Milarepa (1052-1135), Late 19th-early 20th Century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan.jpg|thumb|right|Milarepa]]
[[File:Gampopa portrait.jpg|thumb|right|Gampopa]]
Marpa established his "seat" at Drowolung ({{bo|w=gro bo lung}}) in [[Lhozhag County|Lhodrak]] in southern [[Tibet]] just north of [[Bhutan]]. Marpa married the Lady Dagmema, and took eight other concubines as mudras. Collectively they embodied the main consort and eight wisdom dakini in the [[mandala]] of his [[Yidam]], [[Hevajra]]. Marpa wanted to entrust the transmission lineage to his oldest son, Darma Dode, following the usual Tibetan practice of the time to transmit of lineages of esoteric teachings via hereditary lineage (father-son or uncle-nephew), but his son died at an early age and consequently he passed his main lineage on through [[Milarepa]]. Darma Dode's incarnation as Indian master [[Tiphupa]] became important for the future development of Kagyu in Tibet.
Marpa's four most outstanding students were known as the "Four Great Pillars" ({{bo|w=ka chen bzhi}}):{{sfn|Roerich|1988|p=403}}
#[[Milarepa]] (1040–1123), born in Gungthang province of western Tibet, the most celebrated and accomplished of Tibet's yogis, who achieved the ultimate goal of enlightenment in one lifetime became the holder of Marpa's meditation or practice lineage. Among Milarepa's many students were [[Gampopa]] (1079–1153), a great scholar, and the great yogi [[Rechung Dorje Drakpa]]  (1088–1158), also known as Rechungpa{{sfn|Powers|2007|p=402}}
#Ngok Choku Dorje ({{bo|w=rngog chos sku rdo rje}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbrc-dlms.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq?RID=P0RK1289|title=TBRC P0RK1289}}</ref> (1036–1102) - was the principal recipient of Marpa's explanatory lineages and particularly important in Marpa's transmission of the Hevajra Tantra. Ngok Choku Dorje founded the Langmalung temple in the Tang valley of Bumthang district, Bhutan—which stands today.<ref>Dargey, Yonten. ''History of the Drukpa Kagyud in Bhutan''. Thimphu 2001. pg. 58</ref> The Ngok branch of the Marpa Kagyu was an independent lineage carried on by his descendants at least up to the time of the Second Drukchen Gyalwang Kunga Paljor ({{bo|w='brug chen kun dga' dpal 'byor}}, 1428–1476) who received this transmission, and 1476 when Go Lotsawa composed the ''Blue Annals''.{{efn|The hereditary lineages starting from Ngok Choku Dorje's son Ngok Dode ({{bo|w=rngog mdo sde}}, b. 1090) up to 1476 AD are detailed in  {{harvnb|Roerich|1988|pp=406–414}} }}
#Tshurton Wangi Dorje ({{bo|w=mtshur ston dbang gi rdo rje}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbrc-dlms.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq?RID=P3074|title=TBRC P3074}}</ref> - (or Tshurton Wangdor) was the principal recipient of Marpa's transmission of the teachings of the [[Guhyasamāja Tantra]]. Tshurton's lineage eventually merged with the [[Shalu Monastery]] tradition and subsequently passed this down to the [[Gelug]] founder [[Je Tsongkhapa]], who wrote extensive commentaries on the Guhyasamāja Tantra.
#Meton Tsonpo ({{bo|w=mes ston tshon po}})
Other important students of Marpa include:
*Marpa Dowa Chokyi Wangchuck ({{bo|w=mar pa do ba chos kyi dbang phyug}}).
*Marpa Goleg ({{bo|w=mar pa mgo legs}}) who along with Tshurton Wangdor received the Guhyasamāja Tantra.
*Barang Bawacen ({{bo|w=ba rang lba ba can}}) - who received lineage of the explanatory teachings of the [[Mahamaya Tantra|Mahāmāyā Tantra]].
[[Jamgon Kongtrul]] (1813–1899) collected the initiations and sadhanas of surviving transmissions of Marpa's teachings together in the collection known as the [[Kagyu Ngak Dzö]] ({{bo|t=བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་སྔགས་མཛོད་|w=bka' brgyud sngags mdzod}}, "Treasury of Kagyu Tantras").
===Gampopa===
{{main|Gampopa}}
Gampopa (1079–1153), who was a [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadampa]] monk, is an influential figure in the history of the Kagyu tradition. He combined the monastic tradition and the stages of the path (''[[Lamrim]]'') teachings of the Kadam order with teaching and practice of the Mahāmudrā and the [[Six Dharmas of Naropa|Six Yogas of Naropa]] he received from Milarepa synthesizing them into one lineage. This monastic tradition came to be known as [[Dagpo Kagyu]]—the main lineage of the Kagyu tradition passed down via Naropa as we know it today. The other main lineage of the Kagyu is the [[Shangpa Kagyu]], passed down via Niguma. Gampopa's main contribution was the establishment of a celibate and [[Cenobitic monasticism|cenobitic]] [[Monasticism|monastic]] Kagyu order. This was in sharp contrast to the tradition of Marpa and Milarepa which mainly consisted of non-monastic householder or hermit yogis practicing in solitary locations or hermitages. According to John Powers, Marpa "saw the monastic life as appropriate only for people of limited capacities." Gampopa on the other hand, founded [[Daklha Gampo Monastery]] (''Dwags lha sgam po'') and thus allowed the Kagyu teachings to have established training centers and study curricula in a structured monastic setting which was well suited to the preservation of tradition.{{sfn|Powers|2007|pp=402-405}}
Most of the major Kagyu lineages in existence today can be traced through Gampopa.
Following Gampopa's teachings, there evolved the so-called "Four Major and Eight Minor" lineages of the Dagpo (sometimes rendered "Tagpo" or "Dakpo") Kagyu School. This phrase is descriptive of the generation or order in which the schools were founded, not of their importance.
==Dagpo Kagyu lineages==
{{Main|Dagpo Kagyu}}
[[File:Kagyu lineage.png|thumb|Kagyu lineage tree, the boxes in red designate surviving independent traditions.]]
The principle Dagpo Kagyu lineages that exist today as organized schools are the [[Karma Kagyu]], [[Drikung Kagyu]] and the [[Drukpa Lineage]]. For the most part, the teachings and main esoteric transmissions of the other Dagpo Kagyu lineages have been absorbed into one of these three independent schools.
Historically, there were twelve main sub schools of the Dagpo Kagyu derived from [[Gampopa]] and his disciples. Four primary branches stemmed from direct disciples of Gampopa and his nephew; and eight secondary branches derived from Gampopa's disciple Phagmo Drupa.<ref>Tenzin Gyatsho, Dalai Lama XIV. ''The Gelug / Kagyü Tradition of Mahamudra'' p. 262</ref> Several of these Kagyu traditions in turn developed their own branches or sub-schools.
The terminology "primary and secondary" (early/later) for the Kagyu schools can only be traced back as far as Kongtrul's and other's writings (19th century).{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} The Tibetan terminology "che chung", literally "large (and) small," does not reflect the size or influence of the schools, as for instance the Drikung school was in the 13th century probably the largest and most influential of them, although it is, according to Kongtrul, "secondary".Or it can be taken as early and later schools.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}
===Four primary branches of the Dagpo Kagyu===
====Karma Kamtsang (Karma Kagyu)====
{{main|Karma Kagyu}}
[[File:KagyuRefugeTree.jpg|thumb|Karma Kagyu refuge tree (note the black hats of the Karmapas)]]
The Drubgyu Karma Kamtsang, often known simply as Karma Kagyu, was founded by one of Gampopa's main disciples [[Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama]]  (1110–1193). The figure of [[Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama|Karma Pakshi]] (1204/6–1283), a student of one of [[Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama|Düsum Khyenpa]]'s main disciples, was actually the first person recognized as a "[[Karmapa]]", i.e. a reincarnation of [[Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama|Düsum Khyenpa]].{{sfn|Ray|2002|pp=181-182}}
[[Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama]], was an important figure because he received and preserved [[Dzogchen]] teachings from [[Rigdzin Kumaradza]] and taught this along with Kagyu Mahamudra.{{sfn|Ray|2002|p=182}} He also influenced [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen]], the founder of the [[Jonang]] school who systematized the [[Rangtong-Shentong|shentong teachings]].<ref>Stearns, Cyrus (1999). ''The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen'', pp. 17, 47-48, 51-52, 61. State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|0-7914-4191-1}} (hc); {{ISBN|0-7914-4192-X}} (pbk).</ref>
The Karmapas continue to be the heads of the Karma Kagyu order today and remain very influential figures. According to Reginald Ray:<blockquote>Although in the diaspora the [[Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa|sixteenth Karmapa]] was considered the “head” of the Kagyu lineage, in Tibet the situation was more decentralized. In spite of the titular role of the Karmapa, even in exile the various surviving Kagyu subschools maintain a high degree of independence and autonomy.</blockquote>Following the death of [[Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa]] in 1981, followers came to disagree over the identity of his successor. The disagreement of who holds the current title of Karmapa is an ongoing controversy termed the "[[Karmapa controversy]]".
===== Sub-schools of Karma Kagyu =====
The Karma Kagyu school itself has three sub-schools in addition to the main branch:<ref>{{cite web|title=Transcriptions of teachings given by His Eminence the 12th Kenting Tai Situpa (2005)|url=http://www.nic.fi/~sherab/chen.htm|publisher=Nic.fi}}</ref>
:*Surmang, founded by Trungmase, 1st [[Zurmang Gharwang Rinpoche]], a student of [[Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama]], this sub-sect was centered on [[Surmang Monastery]], in what is now [[Qinghai]]
:*Nédo Kagyu ({{bo|w=gnas mdo}}), founded by [[Karma Chagme]] ({{bo|w=kar ma chags med}}, 1613–1678), a disciple of the 6th [[Shamarpa]] ({{bo|w=zhwa dmar chos kyi dbang phyug}}, 1584–1630)
:*Gyaltön Kagyu
====Barom Kagyu====
The Barom Kagyu was founded by Gampopa's disciple [[Barompa Darma Wangchuk]] ({{bo|w='ba' rom pa dar ma dbang phyug}}, 1127–1199–1200), who established the Nak River Barom Riwoche Monastery ({{bo|w=nag chu 'ba' rom ri bo che}}) in 1160. This school was popular in the Principality of Nangchen in [[Kham]] (modern [[Nangqên County]], [[Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], southern Qinghai) where it has survived in one or two pockets to the present day.
An important early master of this school was Tishri Repa Sherab Senge ({{bo|w='gro mgon ti shri ras pa rab seng ge}}, 1164–1236).
[[Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche]] (1920–1996) was a holder of the Barom Kagyu Lineage.
====Tshalpa Kagyu====
The Tshalpa Kagyu was established by [[Zhang Yudrakpa Tsöndru Drakpa]] ({{bo|w=zhang g.yu brag pa brtson 'gru brags pa}}, 1123–1193), who founded Tsel Gungtang Monastery ({{bo|w=tshal gung thang}}).<ref name="Zhang-Yudrakpa-Tsondru-Drakpa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Zhang-Yudrakpa-Tsondru-Drakpa/3182|title=Zhang Yudrakpa Tsondru Drakpa|last=Martin|first=Dan|date=2008|work=The Treasury of Lives|access-date=2017-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Lama Zhang was a disciple of Gampopa's nephew [[Dagpo Gomtsul Tsultim Nyingpo]] ({{bo|w=dwags sgom tshul khrims snying po}}, 1116–1169).
The Tshalpa Kagyu tradition continued to function independently until the 15th century when it was absorbed by the Gelug, who still maintain many of its transmissions.<ref>Dorje, Gyurme. ''Jokhang: Tibets most sacred Buddhist Temple ''. 2010 London, Thames and Hudson . pg. 12</ref> All of the former Tshelpa properties became Gelug possessions under the administration of Sera monastery.
====Phagdru Kagyu====
[[File:Phagmodrupa with His Previous Incarnations and Episodes from His Life - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Phagmodrupa with His Previous Incarnations and Episodes from His Life, 14th-century painting from the [[Rubin Museum of Art]] ]]
The [[Phagdru Kagyu|Phagmo Drupa Kagyu]] ({{bo|t=ཕག་མོ་གྲུ་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད|w=phag mo gru pa bka' brgyud|}})  or [[Phagdru Kagyu]] (ཕག་གྲུ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད) was founded by [[Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo]]  ({{bo|t=ཕག་མོ་གྲུ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་པོ|w=phag mo gru pa rdo rje rgyal po}}, 1110–1170) who was the elder brother of the famous Nyingma lama [[Ka Dampa Deshek]] (1122–1192) founder of [[Katok Monastery]]. Before meeting [[Gampopa]], Dorje Gyalpo studied with [[Sachen Kunga Nyingpo]] ''(sa chen kun dga' snying po)'' (1092–1158) from whom he received [[lamdre]] transmission.<ref>Stearns, Cyrus. ''Luminous Lives: The Story of the Early Masters of the Lam dre in Tibet''. Wisdom Publications. {{ISBN|0-86171-307-9}}</ref>
From 1435 to 1481 the power of the Phagmodrupa declined and they were eclipsed by the Rinpungpa ({{bo|w=rin spungs pa}}) of Tsang, who patronized the Karma Kagyu. The Phagmo Drupa monastery of Dentsa Thel "was completely destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in 1966-1978"<ref>Stoddard, E Heather (2002) [http://hosting.zkm.de/icon/stories/storyReader$83 '' Golden Buddhas from Tibet: Reconstruction of the Façade of a Stupa from Densathil.'']</ref>
===Eight Secondary branches of the Dagpo Kagyu===
The eight secondary lineages (''zung bzhi ya brgyad'' or ''chung brgyad'') of the Dagpo Kagyu all trace themselves to disciples of Phagmo Drupa. Some of these secondary schools, notably the Drikung Kagyu and Drukpa Kagyu, became more important and influential than others.
====Drikung Kagyu====
[[File:Drikung Kagyu Lineage Tree.jpg|thumb|Drikung Kagyu Lineage Tree]]
{{main|Drikung Kagyu}}
One of the most important of the Kagyu sects still remaining today, the [[Drikung Kagyu]] (འབྲི་གུང་བཀའ་པརྒྱུད་པ) takes its name from [[Drigung Monastery]] founded by Jigten Sumgön, also known as Drikung Kyopa.
The special Kagyu teachings of the Drikung tradition include the "Single Intention" ({{bo|w=dgongs gcig}}), "The Essence of Mahāyāna Teachings" ({{bo|w=theg chen bstan pa'i snying po}}), and the "Fivefold Profound Path of Mahāmudrā" ({{bo|w=lam zab mo phyag chen lnga ldan}}).
Since the 15th century the Drikung Kagyupa received influence from the "northern [[Terma (religion)|terma]]" ({{bo|w=byang gter}}) teachings of the Nyingma tradition.
====Lingre Kagyu====
Lingre Kagyu refers to the lineages founded by [[Lingrepa Pema Dorje]] ({{bo|w=gling ras pa padma rdo rje}}) [1128-1188]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbrc.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq?RID=P910|title=TBRC P910}}</ref> also known as Nephupa after Nephu monastery ''(sna phu dgon)'' he founded near Dorje Drak ''(rdo rje brag)'' in Central Tibet ''(dbus)''. Lingrepa's teachers were [[Gampopa]]'s disciple [[Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo]]; [[Rechung Dorje Drakpa|Rechungpa's]] disciple Sumpa Repa; and Ra Yeshe Senge, a lineage holder of [[Ra Lotsawa]].
====Drukpa Lineage====
{{main|Drukpa Lineage}}
[[File:Tsangpa Gyare.jpg|thumb|Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211)]]
The Drukpa Lineage was established by Ling Repa's main disciple, [[Tsangpa Gyare]] (1161–1211), who established monasteries at Longbol ({{bo|w=klong rbol}}) and [[Ralung Monastery]] ({{bo|w=rwa lung}}). Later, Tsangpa Gyare went to a place called Nam Phu where, legend has it, nine roaring dragons rose from the ground and soared into the sky. The Tibetan word for dragon is ''Druk'' ({{bo|w='brug}}), so Tsangpa Gyare's lineage and the monastery he established at the place became known as the ''Drukpa'' and he became known as the [[Gyalwang Drukpa]]. This school became widespread in Tibet and in surrounding regions. Today the Southern Drukpa Lineage is the [[Buddhism in Bhutan|state religion of Bhutan]], and in the western Himalayas, Drukpa Lineage monasteries are found in [[Ladakh]], [[Zanskar]], [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul]] and [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]].
Along with the [[Mahamudra]] teachings inherited from Gampopa and [[Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo]], particular teachings of the Drukpa Lineage include the "Six Cycles of Equal Taste" ({{bo|w=ro snyom skor drug}}), a cycle of instructions said to have been hidden by [[Rechung Dorje Drakpa]] and discovered by Tsangpa Gyare, and the "Seven Auspicious Teachings" ({{bo|w=rten 'brel rab bdun}}) revealed to Tsangpa Gyare by seven Buddhas who appeared to him in a vision at Tsari.
====Shuksep Kagyu====
The Shuksep Kagyu ({{bo|w=shug gseb bka' brgyud}}) was established by Gyergom Chenpo Zhönnu Drakpa ({{bo|w=gyer sgom chen po gzhon nu grags pa}}, 1090–1171), who founded the Shuksep Monastery in Nyiphu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Gyerton-Tsultrim-Sengge/5|title=Gyergom Tsultrim Sengge|last=Martin|first=Dan|date=2008|work=The Treasury of Lives|access-date=2017-08-06|language=en}}</ref> The Shuksep Kagyu emphasized the Mahamudra teachings of the [[Doha (poetry)|''doha''s]], spiritual songs of realization by Indian masters such as [[Saraha]], Shavaripa, Tilopa, Naropa and Maitripa. A notable member of this lineage was the nun [[Shukseb Jetsun Chönyi Zangmo]].
====Taklung Kagyu====
{{main|Taklung Kagyu}}
[[Image:Taklung Thangpa Tashi Pel.jpg|right|thumb|Tibetan Thanka Painting of Taklung Thangpa Tashi Pal]]
The [[Taklung Kagyu]] ({{bo|w=stag lungs bka' brgyud}}), named after Taklung Monastery established in 1180 by [[Taklung Thangpa Tashi Pal]] (1142–1210).
====Trophu Kagyu====
The Trophu Kagyu ({{bo|w=khro phu bka' brgyud}}) was established by Gyeltsa Rinchen Gön ({{bo|w=rgyal tsha rin chen mgon}}, 1118–1195) and Künden Repa ({{bo|w=kun ldan ras pa}}, 1148–1217). The tradition was developed by their nephew, Thropu Lotsawa, who invited Pandit Shakyasri of Kashmir, Buddhasri and Mitrayogin to Tibet.
The most renowned adherent of this lineage was [[Buton Rinchen Drub]] (1290–1364) of [[Shalu Monastery|Zhalu]],{{sfn|Gyurme Dorje|1999|p=200}} who was a student of Trophupa Sonam Sengge ({{bo|w=khro phu ba bsod nams sengge}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbrc-dlms.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq?RID=P3098|title=TBRC P3098<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> and Trophu Khenchen Rinchen Senge ({{bo|w=khro phu mkhan chen rin chen sengge}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbrc-dlms.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq?RID=P3099|title=TBRC P3099<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> Other notable teachers of this tradition include Chegompa Sherab Dorje (1130?-1200)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tibetanlineages.org/biographies/view/106/7373 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728105656/http://www.tibetanlineages.org/biographies/view/106/7373|archive-date=July 28, 2011|title=Chegompa Sherab Dorje - The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters |publisher=Tibetanlineages.org |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>
====Yazang Kagyu====
The Yazang Kagyu ({{bo|w=g.ya' bzang bka' brgyud}}) founded by Sharawa Kalden Yeshe Sengge (d. 1207). His foremost disciple was Yazang Chöje Chö Mönlam (1169–1233) who in 1206 established the monastery of Yabzang, also known as Nedong Dzong, in Yarlung. The Yazang Kagyu survived as an independent school at least until the 16th century.
====Yelpa Kagyu====
The Yelpa Kagyu ({{bo|w=yel pa bka' rgyud}}) was established by Druptop Yéshé Tsekpa ({{bo|w=drub thob ye shes brtsegs pa}}, b. 1134).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.treasuryoflives.org/tradition/Yelpa-Kagyu|title=Yelpa Kagyu|work=The Treasury of Lives|access-date=2017-08-06|language=en}}</ref> He established two monasteries, Shar Yelphuk ({{bo|w=shar yel phug}})<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Yelpa-Yeshe-Tsek/7636|title=Yelpa Yeshe Tsek|last=Martin|first=Dan|date=2008|work=The Treasury of Lives|access-date=2017-08-06|language=en}}</ref> and [[Tsurphu Monastery#Branch monastery|Jang Tana]] ({{bo|w=byang rta rna dgon}}).
==Shangpa Kagyu==
{{main|Shangpa Kagyu}}
The '''Shangpa Kagyu''' ({{bo|w=shangs pa bka' brgyud}}) differs in origin from the better known Marpa or Dagpo school that is the source of all present-day Kagyu schools. The Dagpo school and its branches primarily came from the lineage of the Indian siddhas Tilopa and [[Naropa]] transmitted in Tibet through Marpa, Milarepa, [[Gampopa]] and their successors. In contrast, the Shangpa lineage descended from two female siddhas, Naropa's consort [[Niguma]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sukhasiddhi.org/about_niguma.php |title=Niguma Story |access-date=31 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309073507/http://www.sukhasiddhi.org/about_niguma.php |archive-date=9 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Virupa]]'s disciple [[Sukhasiddhi]], transmitted in Tibet in the 11th century through [[Khyungpo Nenjor]].  The tradition takes its name from the Shang Valley where Khyungpo Nenjor established the [[gompa]] of Zhongzhong or Zhangzhong.
For seven generations, the Shangpa Kagyu lineage remained a one-to-one transmission.{{sfn|Jamgon Kongtrul|2003|p=16}} Although there were a few temples and retreat centres in Tibet and Bhutan associated with the Shangpa transmission, it never really was established as an independent religious institution or sect. Rather, its teachings were transmitted down through the centuries by [[lama]]s belonging to many different schools.
In the 20th century, the Shangpa teachings were transmitted by the first [[Kalu Rinpoche]], who studied at [[Palpung Monastery]], the seat of the [[Tai Situpa]].
==Teaching and practice==
===View===
There are various Kagyu presentations of the right philosophical view depending on the specific lineage.
Some Kagyu lineages follow the [[Rangtong-Shentong|Shentong]] (empty of other) presentations which was influenced by the work of [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen|Dolpopa]]. This view was defended by the influential Rime philosopher [[Jamgon Kongtrul|Jamgön Kongtrül Lodrö Thayé]] (1813–1899). ''Shentong'' views the [[two truths doctrine]] as distinguishing between relative and absolute reality, agreeing that relative reality is empty of self-nature, but stating that absolute reality is "empty" ({{bo|w=stong}}) only of "other" ({{bo|w=gzhan}}) relative phenomena, but is itself not empty.{{sfn|Stearns|1999|p=3}} In Shentong, this absolute reality (i.e. [[Buddha-nature|Buddha nature]]) is the "ground or substratum" which is "uncreated and indestructible, noncomposite and beyond the chain of dependent origination."{{sfn|Stearns|1999|p=82}} According to Jamgon Kontrul, this ultimate reality which is "nondual, self-aware primordial wisdom" can be said to "always exists in its own nature and never changes, so it is never empty of its own nature and it is there all the time."<ref>Ringu Tulku, ''The Ri-me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet,'' 2007, pp. 219, 226.</ref> However, this wisdom is also free of conceptual elaborations and also "free of the two extremes of nihilism and eternalism." This Shentong view has been upheld by various modern Kagyu masters such as [[Kalu Rinpoche]] and [[Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche]].
However, as noted by Karl Brunnholzl, several important Kagyu figures have disagreed with the view of "Shentong Madhyamaka", such as [[Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama|Mikyö Dorje, the 8th Karmapa Lama]] (1507–1554) and [[Pawo Rinpoche|Second Pawo Rinpoche Tsugla Trengwa]], both of whom see "Shentong" as another name for [[Yogachara|Yogacara]] and as a separate system to [[Madhyamaka]].{{sfn|Brunnholzl|2004|p=446}} In his ''Chariot of the Takpo Kagyü Siddhas'', [[Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama|Mikyö Dorje]] attacks the shentong view of [[Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen|Dolpopa]] as being against the sutras of ultimate meaning which state that all phenomena are emptiness as well as being against the treatises of the Indian masters.{{sfn|Brunnholzl|2004|p=447}} He argued that the [[Rangtong-Shentong|rangtong shentong]] distinction is inaccurate and not in line with the teachings of the Indian masters.{{sfn|Brunnholzl|2004|pp=447-448}} As noted by Brunnholzl, he also argues that "teachings on Buddha nature being a self, permanent, substantial, really existent, indestructible, and so on are of expedient meaning."{{sfn|Brunnholzl|2004|p=454}} The writings of the Ninth Karmapa, [[Wangchuk Dorje, 9th Karmapa Lama|Wangchuk Dorje]], particularly his ''Feast for the Fortunate'', also follow this view in critiquing the Shentong Madhyamaka position and arguing that "the Buddha taught buddha nature as provisional meaning".<ref>The Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje; Dewar, Tyler (translator), (2019), pp. 14, 50, 300.</ref>
===Practice===
[[File:Практика туммо.jpg|thumb|A section of the Northern wall mural at the [[Lukhang]] Temple depicting both [[Tummo]] (Skt. ''Candali'') and [[Phowa]] (transference of consciousness), two of the Six Dharmas of Naropa|alt=]]
{{main|Mahamudra}}
With regards to presentations of the path, the surviving Dagpo Kagyu schools rely on the ''[[Lamrim]]'' (stages of the path) format outlined by [[Gampopa]] in his ''Jewel Ornament of Liberation.'' The practice of ''[[Lojong]]'' (Mind training) which derives from the Kadam school is also important.<ref name="Roberts, Peter Alan 2011 p. 5">Roberts, Peter Alan (2011), ''Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools'', Simon and Schuster, p. 5.</ref>
The central meditative practice in Kagyu is [[Mahamudra]], "the Great Seal". This doctrine focuses on four principal stages (the Four Yogas of Mahamudra), namely:
#The development of single-pointedness of mind
#The transcendence of all conceptual elaboration
#The cultivation of the perspective that all phenomena are of a "single taste"
#The fruition of the path, which is beyond any contrived acts of meditation
The central [[Tantras (Buddhism)|tantric]] deities of the Kagyu schools are [[Cakrasaṃvara Tantra|Cakrasaṃvara]] and his consort [[Vajravārāhī]].<ref>Roberts, Peter Alan (2011), ''Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools'', Simon and Schuster, p. 6.</ref>
A central set of practices maintained in the Kagyu schools are the [[Six Yogas of Naropa|Six Dharmas of Naropa]].<ref>Roberts, Peter Alan (2011), ''Mahamudra and Related Instructions: Core Teachings of the Kagyu Schools'', Simon and Schuster, p. 2.</ref> The Six Dharmas consists of the following yogic practices:
* ''[[tummo]]'' &ndash; the yoga of inner heat (or mystic heat).<ref name="artof">{{Cite web|url=https://www.library.virginia.edu/exhibitions/|title=UVA Library|website=www.library.virginia.edu}}</ref>
* ''gyulü''  &ndash; the yoga of the illusory body.
* ''[[Ösel (yoga)|ösel]]'' &ndash; the yoga of the clear light or radiant light.
* ''[[dream yoga|milam]]'' &ndash; the yoga of the dream state.
* ''[[bardo]]'' &ndash; the yoga of the in-between.
* ''[[phowa]]'' &ndash; the yoga of the transference of consciousness
Other practices which are taught in the Kagyu schools include:<ref name="Roberts, Peter Alan 2011 p. 5"/>
* [[Chöd]] lineage
* [[Kalachakra]] (derived from the [[Jonang]] lineage)
* [[Tara (Buddhism)|White Tara]] (derived from the Kadam school)
* Practices of deities such as Green Tara, [[Avalokiteśvara|Avalokiteshvara]], [[Vajrakilaya]] and [[Padmasambhava]] (derived from the [[Nyingma]] school)
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Works cited===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite web| last = Berzin| first = Alexander| title = A Brief History of Drug Sang-ngag Choling Monastery|date=2003|access-date = 2013-08-19| url = http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/study/history_buddhism/buddhism_tibet/kagyu/brief_history_drug_sang-ngag_choling_monastery.html}}
* {{cite book |last=Brunnholzl |first=Karl |title=The Center of the Sunlit Sky: Madhyamaka in the Kagyu Tradition |publisher=Snow Lion Publications |year=2004}}
* {{cite book|last = Dargye  | first =Yonten  | title = History of the Drukpa Kagyud School in Bhutan (12th to 17th Century A.D.)  | year = 2001  | location = Thimphu, Bhutan  | isbn= 99936-616-0-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Gyurme Dorje|title=Tibet Handbook: With Bhutan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xul-VmZBUKoC|year=1999|publisher=Footprint Handbooks|isbn=978-1-900949-33-0}}
<!-- H -->
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Huntington |editor-first1=John C. |editor-last2=Bangdel |editor-first2=Dina |last1=Thurman |first1=Robert |author-link1=Robert Thurman |title=The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3KmWbcq5foC |year=2003 |publisher=Serindia Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-932476-01-9}}
* {{Citation | last1 =Hookham | first1 =S.K.| author-link1 =Shenpen Hookham | year=1991 | title=The Buddha within : Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga | publisher =State University of New York Press | location=Albany, NY | isbn=978-0791403587}}
*{{cite book|author=Jamgon Kongtrul|title=Timeless Rapture: Inspired Verse of the Shangpa Masters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lOiP9HafJPYC|date=5 November 2003|publisher=Snow Lion Publications|isbn=978-1-55939-960-9}}
* {{cite web  | last = Martin  | first = Dan  | title = A Bronze Portrait Image of Lo-ras-pa's Disciple: Tibetological Remarks on an Item in a Recent Asian Art Catalog  | publisher = Tibetan Mongolian Museum Society  | date = May 2006  | url = http://www.tibetan-museum-society.org/java/arts-culture-lo-ras-pa.jsp  | access-date = 2009-05-20  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090810045037/http://www.tibetan-museum-society.org/java/arts-culture-lo-ras-pa.jsp  | archive-date = 10 August 2009  | url-status = dead  }}
* {{cite book |last=Powers |first=John |title=Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism |publisher=Snow Lion |year=1994 |isbn=1-55939-026-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoti00powe_0}}
* {{cite book |last=Powers |first=John |title=Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism |edition=Rev. |year=2007}}
* {{cite book |last=Ray |first=Reginald |chapter=Indestructible Truth, The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism |title=The World of Tibetan Buddhism |volume=I |publisher=Shambhala |year=2002}}
* {{cite book|author=rdo rje gdan pa mi pham tshe dbang btsan 'dzin|title=The biography of Pha ʾBrug-sgom-zhig-po called the current of compassion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdgGAAAAYAAJ|year=2001|publisher=National Library of Bhutan|isbn=978-99936-17-00-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Roerich |first=George N. |title=[[Blue Annals|The Blue Annals]] |year=1988 |orig-year=1949 |location=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0471-5}}
<!-- S -->
*{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=E. Gene|author-link1=E. Gene Smith|last2=Schaeffer|first2=Kurtis R|author-link2=Kurtis Schaeffer|title=Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XzJlTrj6RMC|year=2001|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-179-6}}
* {{Citation | last =Stearns | first =Cyrus | year =1999 | title =The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen | publisher =State University of New York Press  | isbn =0-7914-4191-1}}
* {{Citation | last = Stearns | first = Cyrus | year = 2003 | title = The Buddha from Dolpo: A Study of the Life and Thought of the Tibetan Master Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publ. | isbn = 81-208-1833-4}}
<!-- T -->
*{{cite book|author=Thondup|title=Buddhist Civilization in Tibet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJ0OAAAAQAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|isbn=978-0-7102-1087-6}}
{{refend}}
==Further reading==
<!-- Please do not add excessive links below. Confine it to books on Kagyu history - leave books on Kagyu teachings etc. to more appropriate pages. -->
*Brunnholzl, Karl. ''Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature''. Snow Lion Publications, 2009.
*Kapstein, Matthew. ''"The Shangs-pa bKa'-brgyud: an unknown school of Tibetan Buddhism"'' in M. Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (eds.), ''Studies in Honor of Hugh Richardson'' Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1980, pp.&nbsp;138–44.
*
*Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen. ''The Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury''. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1990. [A translation of part of the ''Bka' brgyud kyi rnam thar chen mo''-  a collection of 'Bri gung Bka' brgyud hagiographies by Rdo rje mdzes 'od]
* Quintman, Andrew, transl. ''The Life of Milarepa.'' Penguin Classics, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-14-310622-7}}
* Roberts, Peter Alan. ''The Biographies of Rechungpa: The Evolution of a Tibetan hagiography.'' London: Routledge, 2007. {{ISBN|0-415-76995-7}}
*Smith, E. Gene. ''"Golden Rosaries of the Bka' brgyud Schools."'' in ''Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau'', ed. Kurtis R. Schaeffer, 39–52. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001. {{ISBN|0-86171-179-3}}
*Smith, E. Gene. ''"The Shangs pa Bka' brgyud Tradition."'' in ''Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau'', ed. Kurtis R. Schaeffer, 53–57. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001. {{ISBN|0-86171-179-3}}
*Smith, E. Gene. ''"Padma dkar po and His History of Buddhism"'' in ''Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau'', ed. Kurtis R. Schaeffer, 81–86. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2001. {{ISBN|0-86171-179-3}}
*Thaye, Jampa ''A Garland of Gold''. Bristol: Ganesha Press, 1990. {{ISBN|0-9509119-3-3}}
*Thinley, Karma. ''The History of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet''  (1980) {{ISBN|1-57062-644-8}}
*Rinpoche, Drikung Kyabgon Chetsang. ''The Practice of Mahamudra''. Snow Lion Publications 2009.
*Rinpoche, Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen. ''The Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury''. Snow Lion Publications 2006.
*The Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje; Dewar, Tyler (translator), ''The Karmapa's Middle Way: Feast for the Fortunate'', Shambhala, 2019.
==External links==
* Martin, Dan [http://www.treasuryoflives.org/foundations/view/6/207590 The Kagyu Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism] at ''Treasury of Lives''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090613062150/http://www.himalayanart.org/pages/kagyu/index.html Kagyu Lineage Chart]
<!-- Please do not add excessive links below. Two or three per Kagyu tradition should be more than sufficient. -->
===Barom Kagyu===
*[http://www.baromkagyu.org/ Barom Kagyu Chodrak Pende Ling]
===Drikung Kagyu sites===
*[http://www.drikung-kagyu.org The Drikung Kagyu Official Site]
===Drukpa Kagyu===
*[http://www.drukpa.org Site of His Holiness Gyalwang Drukpa]
*[http://www.dorzongrinpoche.org/drkp_lin.htm Drukpa Kagyu Lineage - Dorzong Rinpoche]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080725075724/http://www.drukpamilacenter.com/ Drukpa Mila Center] ~ a Bhutanese Drukpa Kagyu Center
===Karma (Kamtsang) Kagyu===
====Sites associated with Trinlay Thaye Dorje====
* [http://www.karmapa.org/ Karmapa the Black Hat Lama of Tibet - official homepage]
* [http://www.karma-kagyu.org/ Karma Kagyu Tradition - official website]
====Sites associated with Urgyen Trinley Dorje====
* [http://www.kagyuoffice.org/ Kagyu Office]
* [http://www.kagyu.org/ Karma Triyana Dharmachakra Monastery, Woodstock, NY, USA]
====Karma Kagyu sites====
*[http://www.khyenkong-tharjay.org/ Khenkong Tharjay Buddhist Charitable Society]
*[http://www.karmathinleyrinpoche.com/ Karma Thinley Rinpoche]
===Taklung Kagyu===
*[http://www.riwoche.com/ Riwoche Tibetan Buddhist Temple]
===Shangpa Kagyu===
*{{commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.paldenshangpa.org/ Samdrup Dhargay Chuling Monastery]
*[http://www.shangpa.net Shangpa Kagyu Network]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181019183555/http://www.kdk-nyc.org/ Kagyu Dzamling Kunchab (Founded by Kyabje Kalu Rinpoche), New York, NY, USA]
{{TibetanBuddhism}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Tibet topics}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kagyu| ]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Bhutan]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Tibet]]
[[Category:Schools of Tibetan Buddhism]]