View source for Kamov Ka-50

{{Short description|Attack helicopter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout, and guidelines. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Ka-50 "Black Shark" <br/>Ka-52 "Alligator"
| image = File:Russian Air Force Kamov Ka-50.jpg
| image_caption = Kamov Ka-50 of the Russian Air Force
| aircraft_type = [[Attack helicopter]],<ref name=Donald_p304-05>Donald and March 2004, pp. 304–05.</ref> [[scout helicopter]]<ref name="scout">[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/20100129.aspx Russian Scout Helicopters Get Stronger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216185450/http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/20100129.aspx |date=16 December 2012}}. Strategypage.com, 29 January 2010.</ref>
| manufacturer = [[Kamov]]
| national_origin = [[Soviet Union]] / Russia
| designer =
| first_flight = Ka-50: 17 June 1982<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviaros.narod.ru/ka-50.htm|title=Ка-50|work=narod.ru|language=ru|access-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040901092214/http://aviaros.narod.ru/ka-50.htm|archive-date=1 September 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br/>Ka-52: 25 June 1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviaros.narod.ru/ka-52.htm|title=Ка-52|work=narod.ru|language=ru|access-date=23 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920205922/http://aviaros.narod.ru/ka-52.htm|archive-date=20 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>Ka-52M: 9 January 2023<ref name="airrecognition.com">{{Cite web |title=Russian army receives 10 upgraded Ka-52M attack helicopters |url=https://airrecognition.com/index.php/news/defense-aviation-news/2023-news-aviation-aerospace/january/8857-russian-army-receives-10-upgraded-ka-52m-attack-helicopters.html |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=airrecognition.com |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011014656/https://airrecognition.com/index.php/news/defense-aviation-news/2023-news-aviation-aerospace/january/8857-russian-army-receives-10-upgraded-ka-52m-attack-helicopters.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ЦАМТО / / Гособоронзказ на ААК «Прогресс» в Приморье в 2023 году вырос вдвое |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0915/102075278/detail.shtml |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=armstrade.org |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001211611/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0915/102075278/detail.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>
| introduction = 28 August 1995
| retired =
| status = In service<ref name="AO">{{cite web |url=http://www.aex.ru/news/2011/5/24/85330/ |script-title=ru:Вертолеты Ка-52 начали службу в Дальневосточном объединении ВВС и ПВО |work=aex.ru |language=ru |trans-title=Ka-52 helicopters began service in the Far Eastern Air Force and Air Defense Association |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531054342/http://www.aex.ru/news/2011/5/24/85330/ |archive-date=31 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| primary_user = [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]
| more_users = [[Russian Naval Aviation]] <br/>[[Egyptian Air Force]]
| produced = 1990–present
| number_built = Ka-50: 18–19<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=17}}</ref><br/>Ka-52: >196<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=47,74,82}}</ref>
| developed_from = [[Kamov V-80]]
| variants =
}}
The '''Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark"''' ({{langx|ru|Чёрная акула|translit=Chyornaya akula}}, English: [[kitefin shark]]), [[NATO reporting name]] '''Hokum&nbsp;A''', is a Soviet/Russian single-seat [[attack helicopter]] with the distinctive [[Coaxial rotors|coaxial rotor]] system of the [[Kamov]] design bureau. It was designed in the 1980s and adopted for service in the [[Armed forces of the Russian Federation|Russian army]] in 1995. The Ka-50 is manufactured by the Progress company in [[Arsenyev]]. It is used as a heavily [[armed helicopter|armed]] [[scout helicopter]]<ref name="scout"/> and has a rescue [[Ejection seat|ejection system]], rare for helicopters.
During the late 1990s, Kamov and [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] developed a tandem-seat cockpit version, the '''Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan"''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Эрдоган}}, {{langx|tr|Erdoğan}}), to compete in Turkey's attack helicopter competition. Kamov also designed another two-seat variant, the '''Kamov Ka-52 "Alligator"''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Аллигатор}}, NATO reporting name: '''Hokum&nbsp;B''').<ref>Hewson, R. ''The Vital Guide to Military Aircraft'', p.&nbsp;58. England: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 2001.</ref>  The Ka-52's unit cost is US$16&nbsp;million as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vaniyan |first=Roman |date=24 May 2023 |title=AFU down Ka-52 attack helicopter worth USD 16 million |url=https://ukranews.com/en/news/934594-afu-down-ka-52-attack-helicopter-worth-usd-16-million#:~:text=According%20to%20data%20from%20open,is%20about%20USD%2016%20million. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826095236/https://ukranews.com/en/news/934594-afu-down-ka-52-attack-helicopter-worth-usd-16-million |archive-date=26 Aug 2023 |access-date=26 Feb 2024 |work=Ukrainian News Agency}}</ref>
==Development==
The Ka-50 is the production version of the [[Kamov V-80|V-80Sh-1]] prototype. Production of the attack helicopter was ordered by the [[Government of the Soviet Union|Soviet Council of Ministers]] on 14 December 1987.<ref name=Donald_p310-11/> Development of the helicopter was first reported in the West in 1984, while the first photograph appeared in 1989.<ref name=JAWA_Ka-50>"Kamov Ka-50 Chernaya Akula". ''Jane's All the World's Aircraft''. Jane's Information Group, 2009. ([http://www4.janes.com/K2/doc.jsp?t=B&K2DocKey=/content1/janesdata/yb/jawa/jawa0789.htm@current&Prod_Name=JAWA& subscription article]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=Redalert2fan |fix-attempted=yes}}, dated 14 September 2009).</ref> During operational testing from 1985 to 1986, the workload on the pilot was found to be similar to that of a [[fighter-bomber]] pilot, such that the pilot could perform both flying and navigation duties.<ref name=Donald_p310>Donald and March 2004, p. 310.</ref>
Like other Kamov helicopters, it features Kamov's characteristic [[Contra-rotating|coaxial contra-rotating]] rotor system, which removes the need for the entire [[tail rotor]] assembly and improves the aircraft's aerobatic qualities—it can perform loops, rolls and "the funnel" ([[Circle strafing|circle-strafing]]), where the aircraft maintains a line-of-sight to the target while flying circles of varying altitude and airspeed around it.<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Teplitz |first=Jerome |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |date=1971-02-01 |chapter=The FAA Flying and Handling Qualities Program |volume=1 |conference=National Business Aircraft Meeting and Engineering Display |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/710372 |publisher=SAE International |doi=10.4271/710372 |via=FAA Gov}}</ref> The omission of the tail rotor is a qualitative advantage, because the torque-countering tail rotor can use up to 30% of engine power. The Ka-50's entire transmission presents a comparatively small target to ground fire.<ref name="airforce-technology.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ka50-black-shark-helicopter/ |title=Ka-50 Black Shark (Hokum) Attack Helicopter |work=Airforce Technology |access-date=14 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208080722/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ka50-black-shark-helicopter/ |archive-date=8 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
For improved pilot survivability the Ka-50 is fitted with a [[NPP Zvezda]] (transl. Star) K-37-800 [[ejection seat]], which is a rare feature for a helicopter.<ref name="Donald_p308">Donald and March 2004, p. 308.</ref> Before the rocket in the ejection seat deploys, the rotor blades are blown away by explosive charges in the rotor disc and the canopy is jettisoned.<ref name="Russian Helicopters" />
[[File:Ka-50 NTW 7 8 93.jpg|thumb|left|Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" on display]]
Following initial flight testing and system tests, the Council ordered the first batch of helicopters in 1990. The attack helicopter was first described publicly as the "Ka-50" in March 1992 at a symposium in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Donald_p310-11">Donald and March 2004, pp. 310–11.</ref> The helicopter was unveiled at the Mosaeroshow '92 at [[Ramenskoye Airport|Zhukovskiy]] in August 1992. The following month, the second production example made its foreign debut at the [[Farnborough Airshow]], where it was displayed with an image of a [[werewolf]] on its rudder—gaining the popular nickname "Werewolf". The fifth prototype, painted black, played the title role in the movie ''Чёрная акула'' (Black Shark), which made the Ka-50 known by its current nickname.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Babič|first=Saša|date=2011-10-17 |title=Lingvistična antropologija in etnolingvistika<br>Linguistic Anthropology and Ethnolinguistics |journal=[[Studia mythologica Slavica]] |volume=14 |pages=169 |doi=10.3986/sms.v14i0.1607 |issn=1581-128X |doi-access=free}}</ref>
In November 1993, four production helicopters were flown to the Army Aviation Combat Training Centre at [[Torzhok (air base)|Torzhok]] to begin field trials. The president of the Russian Federation authorized the fielding of the Ka-50 with the [[Russian Ground Forces]] (army) on 28 August 1995. The collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] led to a severe drop in defense procurement. This resulted in only a dozen Ka-50s delivered, instead of the planned several hundred to replace the [[Mil Mi-24]].<ref name="Andrey_Fomin" />
The single-seat configuration was considered undesirable by NATO. The first two Ka-50 prototypes had false windows painted on them,<ref>Eden, Paul. ''Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft'', p. 223, Amber Books, 2004. {{ISBN|1-904687-84-9}}.</ref> which successfully misled the first western reports of the aircraft in the mid-1980s,<ref>Encyclopedia of World Air Power, 1985, {{ISBN|978-0517537541}}.</ref> to the point of some analysts even concluding that its primary mission was as an air superiority aircraft for hunting and killing NATO attack helicopters, an alarming but expected Soviet move by NATO planners following the recent [[J-CATCH]] program evaluation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baribeau |first=Stephen R |date=1985-12-02 |title=Soviet Attack Helicopters and Their Implications for U.S. Army Division Operations.|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA167200 |language=en |journal= |access-date=10 October 2021 |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010203413/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA167200 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Ka-50 and its modifications have been chosen as the special forces' support helicopter, while the [[Mil Mi-28]] has become the main army's gunship. The production of Ka-50 was recommenced in 2006. In 2009, the Russian Air Force received three units built from incomplete airframes dating from the mid-1990s.<ref name=Alexander_Mladenov >Alexander Mladenov. September 2010. "Reforming a formidable foe". ''Air Forces Monthly''. Issue 269, pp. 62–68.</ref>
===Ka-50N "Night Shark" and Ka-50Sh===
From the time the Ka-50 was ordered in 1987, it was known that the limited night-time capability of the original version would have to be upgraded to meet night attack requirements.<ref name=Donald_p311-14/> Initially, Ka-50N was meant to be fitted with the Merkury Low-Light TV (LLTV) system. Due to lack of funding, the system was late and experienced reliability and capability issues. As a result, focus shifted to [[forward looking infrared]] (FLIR) systems.<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net/> Kamov drafted a design in 1993 that included the Shkval-N sighting system with an infrared sensor.<ref name=Donald_p311-14>Donald and March 2004, pp. 311–314.</ref> Many variants were tried. On some, the original Shkval was supplemented by a thermal imaging system, while others saw a complete replacement by the Samshit day-and-night system (also used on Ka-52). Some of the imagers included in the trials were manufactured by the French [[SAGEM]] and [[L.H. Thomson|Thomson]] companies. Kamov was forced to consider foreign analogues as a temporary replacement for domestic imaging systems because of their slow development.<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net>[http://www.kamov.net/kamov-army/ka-50n/ "Ka-50N".] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208110119/http://www.kamov.net/kamov-army/ka-50n/ |date=8 December 2011}} ''kamov.net''.</ref>
Trials led to two "final" versions: Ka-50N "Night Shark" ({{langx|ru|link=no|Ночная акула}}, "[[velvet belly lanternshark]]")<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mazepov |first1=A. |last2=Mikheev |first2=A. |last3=Zenkin |first3=V. |last4=Zhirnov |first4=A. |last5=Fomin |first5=A. |date=1997 |title=Night Shark and Alligator |journal=Ka-50, Ka-52, Ka-50N – Combat Helicopters |series=Polygon |edition=2 |pages={{nowrap|126–127}} |isbn=5-7656-0005-0}}</ref> and Ka-50Sh ({{langx|ru|link=no|'''Ш'''ар|translit='''Sh'''ar}}, "ball"; because of the spherical FLIR turret). The first Ka-50Sh, which was the eighth pre-production aircraft, Bort 018, first flew on 4 March 1997. The Kamov company and Black Shark logos were displayed on the endplate fins and the vertical tail. It featured the Samshit-50 system installed within a 640&nbsp;mm (25&nbsp;in) diameter sphere under the nose. Shkval system was moved to the nose cone area.<ref name=Andrey_Fomin/> Neither of the Ka-50 night-attack versions has entered full production.<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net/>
===Ka-50-2 "Erdogan"===
In 1997, [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI) in cooperation with the Kamov bureau entered the Ka-50-2 ''Erdoğan'' in a Turkish design competition for a $4&nbsp;billion contract for 145 (later changed to 50) combat helicopters.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
The Ka-50-2 is a [[tandem]] cockpit variant of the Ka-50. It featured a modern, Israeli-made "[[glass cockpit]]" avionics and a turret-mounted folding (for landing clearance) 30&nbsp;mm cannon instead of the fixed cannon on the Ka-50. It features combat-proven avionics and advanced anti-tank guided missiles for a high level of combat effectiveness. It is equipped with IAI's flexible modular avionics suite, which can be readily tailored to meet the TLF's operational requirements and provides growth potential.<ref name="glob_sec_Ka-50-2">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ka-50-2.htm Ka-50-2 Erdogan] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219221449/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ka-50-2.htm |date=19 February 2010}}. globalsecurity.org, 9 November 2008.</ref>
IAI and Kamov performed flights of the variant with IAI's Core Avionics. These flights demonstrated the helicopter's "glass cockpit" with multifunctional displays and Control and Display Unit (CDU) driven by centralized mission computers. Also tested were its flight navigation and the operation of the Helicopter Multi-Mission Optronic Stabilized Payload (HMOSP) targeting system. The demonstration flights included night mission capability demonstrations using [[Night Vision Goggles]] (NVG) and the day/night targeting system.<ref name="glob_sec_Ka-50-2"/>
Turkey initially selected an improved version of the [[Bell AH-1 SuperCobra]] over the Erdogan, [[Eurocopter Tiger]], [[AH-64 Apache]], [[Denel Rooivalk]], and [[A129 Mangusta]]. In the end, the contract was awarded to the A129 in 2007.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/04/10/213155/turkey-picks-a129-in-delayed-attack-helicopter-competition.html "Turkey picks A129 in delayed attack helicopter competition"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822160917/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/04/10/213155/turkey-picks-a129-in-delayed-attack-helicopter-competition.html |date=22 August 2010}}. Flight International, 10 April 2007.</ref>
===Ka-52 "Alligator"===
[[File:Ka-52 at MAKS-2009.jpg|thumb|Ka-52 "061", Zhukovski, 2009]]
In the early 1980s, while comparative tests of the V-80 (Ka-50 prototype) and the Mi-28 were being conducted, the Kamov design team came up with a proposal to develop a dedicated helicopter to conduct battlefield reconnaissance, provide target designation, support and coordinate group attack helicopter operations based on the [[Kamov Ka-60|Ka-60]]. However, the economic hardships that hit the nation in the late 1980s hampered this new development program. This prompted Kamov's Designer General to choose a modified version of Ka-50 on which to install the reconnaissance and target designation system. The modified "Black Shark" required a second crew member to operate the optotronics/radar reconnaissance suite. Kamov decided to use side-by-side seating arrangement, due to the verified improvements in co-operation between the crew members. This twin-seat version was designated Ka-52.<ref name=Andrey_Fomin />
[[File:Kamov Ka-52.jpg|thumb|Serial Ka-52 at Torzhok Air Base]]
In comparison to the original Ka-50, the Ka-52 has a new radome with a nose-mounted radar system for targeting giving the Ka-52 a rounder nose profile. A day-and-night TV/thermal sighting system is fitted in a spherical turret under the nose (some examples have an additional mast radar for aerial targets and a second sighting system above the cockpit). The Ka-52 has the side-mounted cannon of the original Ka-50.<ref name="Ka-52_prod">[http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka52/ Ka-52 product page] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107181714/http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka52/ |date=7 November 2010}}. Kamov.</ref> It features six wing-mounted [[hardpoint]]s compared to four on the Ka-50. To keep the weight and performance on par with that of the Ka-50, the armor and the capacity of the cannon magazine/feed were reduced. Also some flight parameters deteriorated: rate of climb dropped from 10 to 8&nbsp;m/s and maximum positive load factor became 3.0 g. Most of the problems were solved by installing the new [[VK-2500]] engine.<ref name="Russian Helicopters"/> The Ka-52 is approved for day, night and adverse weather conditions.<ref name=Ka-52_kamov.net>[http://www.kamov.net/kamov-army/kamov-ka-52/ "Ka-52".] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120225551/http://www.kamov.net/kamov-army/kamov-ka-52/ |date=20 January 2012}} ''kamov.net''.</ref>
Manufacturing of the first Ka-52 airframe began in mid-1996.<ref name=Andrey_Fomin /> Series production was started in autumn 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lenta.ru/news/2008/10/29/alligator/ |script-title=ru:Началось серийное производство вертолетов Ка-52 |work=lenta.ru |language=ru |trans-title= Serial production of Ka-52 helicopters has begun |access-date=5 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101025231/http://www.lenta.ru/news/2008/10/29/alligator/ |archive-date=1 November 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2010|September}}, the 696th Instructor and Research Helicopter Regiment, based at [[Torzhok (air base)]], is operating eight helicopters, in varying degrees of capability and/or modification, for research and development.<ref name=Alexander_Mladenov /> In December 2010, four new, series-production Ka-52s were delivered to the Air Base<ref>Sergy Aleksandrov. April 2011. "Four new Ka-52s delivered to Torzhok". ''Air Forces Monthly''. Issue 277, p. 29.</ref> of the 344th Centre for Combat Training and Aircrew Conversion.<ref>"More Ka-52s for Russian AF". ''Combat Aircraft''. Vol. 12, No. 4, p. 16.</ref>
[[File:Russian Air Force Kamov Ka-52 cockpit (19604206626).jpg|thumb|Russian Aerospace Forces Kamov Ka-52 cockpit]]
The first phase of the official tests (ГСИ) was completed in December 2008 and after that permission was given for the production of an experimental batch for phase 2 (ГСИ, including fire tests and the search for targets)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rnd.cnews.ru/army/news/line/index_science.shtml?2008/12/30/333682 |title=Новости науки |work= R&D.CNews |access-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234656/http://rnd.cnews.ru/army/news/line/index_science.shtml?2008%2F12%2F30%2F333682 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Serial production of the Ka-52 began at the Progress Arsenyev Aviation Company plant in [[Arsenyev]], [[Primorsky Krai]] by end of the 2008.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1049820 |title="Аллигатор" поддержит экономику "Прогресса" |trans-title="Alligator" will support the economy of "Progress" |journal=[[Kommersant]] |date=30 October 2008 |access-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105061815/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1049820 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How the Ka-52 Alligator is made: A guided tour of the helicopter factory |url=http://en.ria.ru/video/20110907/166497435.html |newspaper=RIA Novosti |date=2011-09-07 |access-date=2014-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227070112/http://en.ria.ru/video/20110907/166497435.html |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> After the completion of the state trials, the Ka-52 entered service in May 2011 with first operational units joining the Russian Air Force the same month. Under previous State Defense Procurement Plans, the Russian Armed Forces was to receive 2 experimental and 24 serial Ka-52s by 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3083434.html |title=Министерством обороны России планируется закупка еще 114 вертолетов Ка-52 |website=bmpd.livejournal.com |date=7 February 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918072000/https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3083434.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The second long-term contract signed in 2011 worth 120 billion rubles is to provide the Russian Aerospace Forces with 146 Ka-52 helicopters in total until 2020. In February 2018, the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defence]] expressed an interest to purchase 114 Ka-52s of a new version within the new State Armament Program for 2018–2027.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12161921@egNews |title=Минобороны намерено закупить 114 вертолетов Ка-52 в рамках новой Госпрограммы вооружений |website=mil.ru |date=6 February 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012451/https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12161921@egNews |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Ka-52 "Nile Crocodile"===
In 2015, Egypt signed a deal for the purchase of 46 Ka-52 helicopters, with a stated completion year of 2020.<ref name="tass.ru">{{cite news |url= http://tass.ru/en/defense/847966 |title= Russian Helicopters confirms agreement with Egypt for 46 Kamov Ka-52 aircraft |date= 30 December 2015 |language= ru |access-date= 23 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160126095058/http://tass.ru/en/defense/847966 |archive-date= 26 January 2016 |url-status= live}}</ref> [[Russian Helicopters]] started producing its first export models in early 2017, the overall production was doubled in order to meet new demands.<ref name="russianhelicopters.aero">{{cite news |url= http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/news/first_alligator_2017/ |title= "Russian Helicopters" produced the first "Alligator" in 2017 |date= 31 January 2017 |language= ru |access-date= 6 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170219013837/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/ru/press/news/first_alligator_2017/ |archive-date= 19 February 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> The first batch of 3 Ka-52 attack helicopters was delivered to Egypt in July 2017, with a second batch of another 3 helicopters being delivered in August. By year-end 2017, Egypt had received 19 Ka-52s,<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite news |date=5 March 2018 |script-title=ru:Российское оружие удержало свое место |language=ru |trans-title=Russian weapons held their place |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3566087 |url-status=live |access-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206085011/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3566087 |archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> but these early units came with issues related to power, night vision, navigation systems, and other avionics equipment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Egypt snaps up the 'Nile Crocodile' {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/egypt-snaps-up-the-nile-crocodile |website=Times Aerospace |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229225039/https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/egypt-snaps-up-the-nile-crocodile |url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 December 2018, it was announced at the [[Egypt Defence Expo|Egypt Defence Expo (EDEX)]] that Ka-52s had officially entered service with the Egyptian Air Force.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lake |first1=John |title=Kamov Ka-52 in service in Egypt |url=https://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/2019/01/kamov-ka-52-in-service-in-egypt/ |website=Asian Military Review |date=30 January 2019 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104173603/https://www.asianmilitaryreview.com/2019/01/kamov-ka-52-in-service-in-egypt/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Egypt's helicopter is a modified version of the basic Ka-52 Alligator that serves in the Russian Aerospace Forces. Unlike the basic model, the Egyptian Ka-52 utilizes anti-corrosion materials and has a reinforced fuselage structure. It received new landing gear and wheels, designed for the increased takeoff weight of the helicopter. The Egyptian model features updated avionics and a new cooling system for operating in hot climate. [[Dmitry Rogozin]], Deputy Prime Minister of Russia on defense and space industry, proposed to name it the "Nile Crocodile".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.aex.ru/news/2017/9/8/174761/|title= Foreign pilots appreciated the Ka-52 helicopter|language= ru|access-date= 9 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170909100108/https://www.aex.ru/news/2017/9/8/174761/|archive-date= 9 September 2017|url-status= live}}</ref>
The helicopter is equipped with the new OES-52 electro-optical observation and laser targeting system, replacing the standard GOES-451 mounted under the nose.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://newstes.ru/2017/05/14/russkie-alligatory-na-eksport-podrobnosti-bolshoy-sborki-ka-52.html|title= Russian "Alligators" for export: the details of a large assembly of the Ka-52|date= 14 May 2017|language=en|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170909100011/http://newstes.ru/2017/05/14/russkie-alligatory-na-eksport-podrobnosti-bolshoy-sborki-ka-52.html|archive-date= 9 September 2017}}</ref> The new optronic system began development in 2011 as a collaboration between [[Kamov]] and [[Safran|Sagem]], and is based on the French company's STRIX sighting System.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.safran-electronics-defense.com/media/20130828_kamov-and-sagem-team-ka-52-alligator-attack-helicopter|title= Kamov and Sagem team up on Ka-52 Alligator attack helicopter|date= 28 August 2013|language= en|access-date= 15 May 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095956/https://www.safran-electronics-defense.com/media/20130828_kamov-and-sagem-team-ka-52-alligator-attack-helicopter|archive-date= 9 September 2017|url-status= live}}</ref> The OES-52 provides greater range of target detection and recognition.
The helicopter features the Arbalet-52 dual-band coherent pulse radar, which has an Earth mapping range of 32&nbsp;km and a detection range of 25&nbsp;km for ground targets and 15&nbsp;km for aerial targets.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://oblik.msk.ru/en/product/arbalet/about|title= Arbalet / Arbalet-D Technical Characteristics|language= en|access-date= 15 May 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095842/http://oblik.msk.ru/en/product/arbalet/about|archive-date= 9 September 2017|url-status= dead}}</ref>
The ''Nile Crocodiles'' use President-S airborne defense systems for protection against guided missiles.<ref name="butowski p76">{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=76}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Perry2016-04-11T14:18:55+01:00 |first=Dominic |title=Russian Helicopters integrates new defensive aids suite |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/russian-helicopters-integrates-new-defensive-aids-suite/120250.article |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Flight Global |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225222413/https://www.flightglobal.com/russian-helicopters-integrates-new-defensive-aids-suite/120250.article |url-status=live}}</ref> The system includes both [[Radar warning receiver|radar]] and [[Laser warning receiver|laser]] warning receivers, [[Missile approach warning system|MAW]] sensors, chaff/flare dispensers, in addition to [[Electronic countermeasure|ECM]] and [[Directional Infrared Counter Measures|DIRCM]] jammers.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://niiekran.ru/prod_president.php |title= airborne defense system President-S |language=ru |access-date= 7 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170507215158/http://niiekran.ru/prod_president.php |archive-date= 7 May 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref> Egyptian Ka-52s feature two new DIRCM sets installed on either side of the fuselage, which are different from the standard L370-5 sets.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1= Butowski |first1= Piotr |last2= Angrand |first2= Antony |date= 12 May 2017 |title= Le Ka-52 égyptien vole |url= http://www.journaux.fr/air-cosmos_avions_auto-moto-transport_157438.html |magazine= Air & Cosmos N° 2547 |publisher= journaux.fr |access-date= 15 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170506092840/http://www.journaux.fr/air-cosmos_avions_auto-moto-transport_157438.html |archive-date= 6 May 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> Moreover, the laser-warning system present on the Russian variants of the Ka-52 has been removed, and a L-150 Pastel radar warning receiver has been installed instead.<ref name="butowski p76" />
Egypt plans to arm its Ka-52s with Russian [[anti-tank guided missiles]]. The Air Force has chosen two types of missiles; namely the laser-guided [[9K121 Vikhr|Vikhr]] and the radar-guided [[9M120 Ataka|Ataka]] [[beam riding|beam-riding]] missiles.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url= http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/egypt_first_international_customer_for_russian_9a1472_vikhr-1_at-16_scallion_anti-tank_guided_missile_tass_12402167.html |title= Egypt first international customer for Russian 9A1472 Vikhr-1 AT-16 Scallion anti-tank guided missile |date= 24 February 2016 |language= en |access-date= 25 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160227061753/http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/egypt_first_international_customer_for_russian_9a1472_vikhr-1_at-16_scallion_anti-tank_guided_missile_tass_12402167.html |archive-date= 27 February 2016 |url-status= live}}</ref>
===Ka-52K "Katran"===
[[File:Russian Navy, Kamov, Ka-52K (21444723505).jpg|left|thumb|Ka-52K "Katran" of the Russian Navy]]
The [[Mistral-class amphibious assault ship|''Mistral''-class]] [[amphibious assault ship]]s, ordered by the Russian Defense Ministry,{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} were to contain rotary-wing assets, formed into aviation groups. Each of these groups was planned to include eight attack and eight assault/transport helicopters. The Ka-52K "Katran" ({{langx|ru|link=no|Катран}}, '[[mud shark]]'), a navalised derivative of the Ka-52, has been selected as the new ship-borne attack type for the [[Russian Naval Aviation]]. Its features include folding rotor blades, folding wings, and reinforced landing gear. Since its wings are shorter than those of the land-based variants, the Ka-52K only has four weapons pylons, instead of six on the land-based Ka-52. There are plans to install a new radar in the Ka-52K, with longer range compared to the Ka-52's radar. The Ka-52K will also be able to use [[Kh-35]] and [[Kh-38]] missiles. However, they haven't yet been integrated in the helicopter's mission suite.<ref name="auto">{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=79–80}}</ref> Russian Naval Aviation will need at least 40 Ka-52Ks, the first of which was tentatively slated to enter squadron service by early 2015, coinciding with the delivery of the first carrier.<ref>Mladenov, Alexander. "Force Report: Russian Navy". ''Air Forces Monthly''. Issue 286, p. 80, January 2012.</ref>
However, following the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian annexation of Crimea]] the sale of the Mistrals was cancelled and they have since been sold to Egypt.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Egypt agrees to buy warships built for Russia from France |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34335224 |access-date= 2015-10-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180916214611/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34335224|archive-date= 16 September 2018|url-status= live|date= 23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Egypt to Equip its New Mistral-Class Helicopter Carriers With 50 Russian Made Ka-52K Alligators|url= http://defense-update.com/20150924_mistral-2.html#.Vg18Msv0q_Q|website= defense-update.com|access-date= 2015-10-01|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150929054946/http://defense-update.com/20150924_mistral-2.html#.Vg18Msv0q_Q|archive-date= 29 September 2015|url-status= live|date= 24 September 2015}}</ref> Later, Egypt bought 46 Ka-52s, with deliveries lasting from 2017 to 2019. These helicopters have been deployed on the Mistrals originally built for Russia; however, Egyptian Ka-52s are regular land-based variants, not Ka-52Ks.<ref name="Butowski 2022 page=74">{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=74}}</ref>
Still, the first of four Ka-52Ks ordered for the Russian Navy flew on 7 March 2015; the Navy also had an option for a further 28 helicopters.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Flight International]]|date=17 March 2015|title=First flight edges Ka-52K towards maritime debut|page=15|volume=187|issue=5480|issn=0015-3710}}</ref> As of 2017, 4 pre-series Ka-52Ks were operated and used for testing by the Russian Navy.<ref name=Ka-52K_ref1>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171013/1506746789.html|title="Вертолеты России" обсуждают с ВМФ поставки машин Ка-52К|website=ria.ru|date=13 October 2017|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916055838/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171013/1506746789.html|archive-date=16 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Ka-52K_ref2>{{cite web|url=http://www.heliopsmag.com/heliops-frontline/ka52k-katran-for-the-russian-navy|title=KA52K Katran for the Russian Navy|website=heliopsmag.com|access-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916060100/http://www.heliopsmag.com/heliops-frontline/ka52k-katran-for-the-russian-navy|archive-date=16 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> After a period of uncertainty, the Ka-52K's future with the Russian Navy now appears clearer. In July 2020, [[Keel laying|the keel was laid]] for two new [[Project 23900 amphibious assault ship]]s in the [[Zalyv Shipbuilding yard]]. Each ship will be able to carry up to 18 helicopters, including Ka-52Ks.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=82–83}}</ref> The Ka-52K has passed all tests and was ready for serial production as of September 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0917/105559640/detail.shtml |title= Морские вертолеты Ка-52К "Катран" прошли все испытания и готовы к серийному производству |date= 17 September 2020 |access-date= |archive-date= 25 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201125194622/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0917/105559640/detail.shtml |url-status= live}}</ref>
According to the [[SCMP]], China is considering the purchase of 36 Ka-52Ks to be used aboard the [[Type 075 landing helicopter dock|Type 075 helicopter carrier]], which would fulfil the role of a heavy attack helicopter. These helicopters are necessary to equip the carrier with powerful attack weapons, which it currently lacks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=PLA in market for Russian Ka-52K heavy attack helicopters |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3149462/china-military-pla-market-russian-ka-52k-heavy-attack |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501033159/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3149462/china-military-pla-market-russian-ka-52k-heavy-attack |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Ka-52M===
The new version announced by the Russian Ministry of Defence in 2018 eventually crystalized into the Ka-52M; 114 helicopters of this new version are to be acquired. Additionally, older Ka-52s are to be upgraded to Ka-52M standard. The contract for the first 30 Ka-52Ms was signed in August 2021.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=85–86}}</ref> A new contract was signed in August 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/mainnews/2022/0817/084269022/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / Главное / На форуме «Армия-2022» подписаны 7 и вручены 29 госконтрактов с 26 предприятиями ОПК | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=22 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822120727/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/mainnews/2022/0817/084269022/detail.shtml | url-status=live}}</ref> Upgrades embodied in the Ka-52M include a modernized GOES-451M electro-optical targeting turret with an increased range, stronger undercarriage wheels, and improved cockpit ergonomics, with better adaptation to the use of [[night-vision goggles]]. The [[LMUR]] missile is added to the helicopter's armament options.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=86}}</ref> Several new radar types are being considered for the Ka-52M.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=87}}</ref> A new self-protection system will also be fitted to the Ka-52M, replacing the current [[L370 Vitebsk|L370-5 Vitebsk]]. Lastly, the Ka-52M is adapted to work within a new battlefield [[command and control]] system.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=93}}</ref> The Russian military received its first 10 modified Ka-52M helicopters on 9 January 2023. The state defense order for the helicopters was doubled in 2023.<ref name="airrecognition.com">{{Cite web |title=Russian army receives 10 upgraded Ka-52M attack helicopters |url=https://airrecognition.com/index.php/news/defense-aviation-news/2023-news-aviation-aerospace/january/8857-russian-army-receives-10-upgraded-ka-52m-attack-helicopters.html |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=airrecognition.com |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011014656/https://airrecognition.com/index.php/news/defense-aviation-news/2023-news-aviation-aerospace/january/8857-russian-army-receives-10-upgraded-ka-52m-attack-helicopters.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ЦАМТО / / Гособоронзказ на ААК «Прогресс» в Приморье в 2023 году вырос вдвое |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0915/102075278/detail.shtml |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=armstrade.org |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001211611/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0915/102075278/detail.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Design==
[[File:Kamov Ka-52, Russia - Air Force AN1676203.jpg|thumb|left|Kamov Ka-52]]
The Ka-50 and its two-seat version Ka-52 are high-performance combat helicopters with day and night capability, high survivability and fire power, to defeat air targets and heavily armoured tanks armed with air defence weapons. It was designed to be small, fast and agile to improve survivability and lethality.<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/>
===Manoeuvering===
The hovering [[service ceiling|ceiling]] is 4,000 m and vertical rate of climb 10&nbsp;m/s at an altitude of 2,500 m. Having a [[coaxial rotor]] with blades of [[polymer]] results in low inertia both relative to vertical and lateral axes, at 50%–75% as compared to a single rotor helicopter with tail rotor. No tail rotor also means it can perform flat turns at all speeds. A maximum vertical load of 3.5 g combined with low inertia makes the Ka-50 highly agile.
===Navigation systems===
Flight systems include an [[inertial navigation system]] (INS), autopilot and [[head-up display]] (HUD). Sensors include [[forward-looking infrared]] (FLIR) and [[terrain-following radar]].<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net/><ref name="airforce-technology.com"/>
The Kamov Ka-50 is also fitted with an electronic radio and sighting-piloting-navigating system allowing flights at day and night in VFR and IFR weather conditions. The novelty of this avionics is based on the system of precise target designation with digital coded communication system, which ensures the exchange of information (precise enemy coordinates) between helicopters flying far apart from each other as well as with ground command posts.<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net/> The Ka-52 is also equipped with a "[[Phazotron]]" cockpit radio-locator, allowing flights in adverse meteorological conditions and at night. The necessary information acquired by this radio-locator is transferred to the cockpit's multi-functional display screen. For conducting a fight, both pilots are equipped with range-finders built-in their helmets and they can use night vision eyepieces for night flights.<ref name=Ka-52_kamov.net/>
===Protection and survivability===
For its own protection, Ka-50 is fitted with a radar warning receiver, [[electronic warfare]] system and chaff and flare dispensers.<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/> Aerodynamic cases at wings' ends each contain two dispensers, which in turn have 32 x 26&nbsp;mm countermeasures each. The whole system works on principle of evaluated response based on infrared or electronic impulse irradiation.<ref name=Ka-52_kamov.net/> Extensive all-round armour in the cockpit protects the pilot against 12.7&nbsp;mm armour-piercing bullets and 23&nbsp;mm projectile fragments. The rotor blades are rated to withstand several hits of ground-based automatic weapons.<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/>
Other survivability features include armour protection for vital aircraft systems, and crash-absorbing landing gear and seats.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=59,62,69}}</ref> Also, not having a tail rotor can improve survivability, since the tail boom isn't load-bearing; during testing, a Ka-50 lost its tail, but still managed to return to base without a problem.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=11}}</ref>
It is the world's first operational helicopter with a rescue [[ejection system]] allowing the pilot to escape at all altitudes and speeds. The rotor blades detach using explosive bolts prior to ejection to prevent damage to the crew. The K-37-800 rocket-assisted ejection system is manufactured by [[NPP Zvezda]].<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/>
===Armament===
[[File:Схема вооружения ка-52.jpg|thumb|left|Armament scheme Ka-52]]
The aircraft has one [[Shipunov 2A42]] autocannon with [[selective fire]], and a dual-feed, giving it a cyclic rate of fire between 200 and 800 rounds per minute.<ref name="urlKBP Instrument Design Bureau - 2A42">{{cite web |url=http://www.kbptula.ru/en/productions/small-arms-guns-grenade-launchers/guns-machine-guns/2a42 |title=KBP Instrument Design Bureau - 2A42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001447/http://www.kbptula.ru/en/productions/small-arms-guns-grenade-launchers/guns-machine-guns/2a42 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is mounted near centre of gravity for accuracy, and carries 460 high-fragmentation, explosive incendiary, or armour-piercing rounds. The type of ammunition is selected by the pilot during flight.<ref name=Ka-50_Helicopter>[http://www.airforceworld.com/heli/eng/ka50.htm Ka-50 photos and video] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501135137/http://www.airforceworld.com/heli/eng/ka50.htm |date=1 May 2013}} ''AirForceWorld.com''.</ref> The integrated 30&nbsp;mm cannon is semi-rigidly fixed on the helicopter's side, movable only slightly in elevation and [[azimuth]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023|reason=Previous source actually states free movement}} Semi-rigid mounting improves the cannon's accuracy, giving the 30&nbsp;mm a longer practical range and better hit ratio at medium ranges than with a free-turning turret mount.
The fire control system automatically shares all target information in real time, allowing one helicopter to engage a target spotted by another aircraft, and the system can also input target information from ground-based forward scouts with personnel-carried target designation gear.<ref name="Russian Helicopters"/>
Weapons can be carried on four external hardpoints under the stub wings, plus two on the wingtips, a total of more than 2,000&nbsp;kg (depending on the mix).<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=65}}</ref> The pylons can be tilted up to 10 degrees downward. Fuel tanks may be mounted on a suspension point, whenever necessary.<ref name=Ka-50N_kamov.net/>
Anti-tank armament comprises twelve [[Vikhr]] [[laser-guided]] [[anti-tank missile]]s (transl. Vortex or whirlwind), with a maximum range of some 8&nbsp;km. The laser guidance is reported to be virtually jam-proof and the system features automatic guidance to target, enabling evasive action immediately after missile launch, alternatively it can also use [[9M120 Ataka|Ataka]] laser-guided anti-tank missiles.<ref name="auto1"/> Before firing laser-guided missiles it often must hover a few hundred feet off the ground to direct a laser at a target, leaving itself briefly exposed.<ref name="ny">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/25/world/russia-ukraine-war-news?unlocked_article_code=eWIy98ol_B7Enng6ZMKPHmTUZ7FHosJQTtWJDP8yRLbnM6aLA5DQ4oWcwn5SR6fC-mziRuvAj5jpJN41XvyDenLdO1Y4mBk_x58fU3myc5kNJfo3Ys54bC4ExRzeaBWa2YaBPSoNCeBN_jsalbSxGtoXAPtCgy-scfuLeBxryMTUwADBiMEv5O4ObeQe8_FlYDo7YnOORJmSGG0ArByD0qF5Xjw2X_dj_XZOHo7fCcaMnNI9Dr_Wg7Iy1o5QHT9vFgbY3CzY0pk36FV_SED9q6kx5gU_w6vAKzsXiUUQELDL06WrE3jwAy04Pq43ZCrYQHXSJhxJjV3FUvBdbqA6pgCC5Gzwpu4MTA&smid=share-url |title=Ukraine shoots down Russian attack helicopters, making a dent in Moscow's fleet |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 October 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025131543/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/25/world/russia-ukraine-war-news?unlocked_article_code=eWIy98ol_B7Enng6ZMKPHmTUZ7FHosJQTtWJDP8yRLbnM6aLA5DQ4oWcwn5SR6fC-mziRuvAj5jpJN41XvyDenLdO1Y4mBk_x58fU3myc5kNJfo3Ys54bC4ExRzeaBWa2YaBPSoNCeBN_jsalbSxGtoXAPtCgy-scfuLeBxryMTUwADBiMEv5O4ObeQe8_FlYDo7YnOORJmSGG0ArByD0qF5Xjw2X_dj_XZOHo7fCcaMnNI9Dr_Wg7Iy1o5QHT9vFgbY3CzY0pk36FV_SED9q6kx5gU_w6vAKzsXiUUQELDL06WrE3jwAy04Pq43ZCrYQHXSJhxJjV3FUvBdbqA6pgCC5Gzwpu4MTA&smid=share-url |url-status=live}}<!-- scroll down for helicopters! --></ref>
Ka-50/52 can also carry several rocket pods, including the [[S-13 rocket|S-13]] and [[S-8 rocket]]s. The "dumb" rockets could be upgraded to [[laser guided]] with the proposed [[Ugroza]] system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jetdiscovery.com/wiki/ugroza-precision-guided-weapon-system-based-s-8-s-13-and-s-24-aircraft-rockets |title=jetdiscovery.com |access-date=9 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713103500/http://www.jetdiscovery.com/wiki/ugroza-precision-guided-weapon-system-based-s-8-s-13-and-s-24-aircraft-rockets|archive-date=13 July 2011 |website=THE DRIVE |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Operational history==
===Second Chechen War===
The Ka-50 took part in the Russian Army's operations against separatists in the [[Chechen Republic]] during the [[Second Chechen War]]. In December 2000, a pair of production Ka-50s arrived in the area. With the Ka-50s was a [[Ka-29]] to provide reconnaissance and target designation. On 6 January 2001, the Ka-50 used live weapons against a real enemy for the first time. On 9 January, at the entry into a mountain gorge in the area of a settlement named Komsomolskoye, a single Ka-50 accompanied by an [[Mi-24]] used S-8 unguided rockets to destroy a warehouse full of ammunition belonging to Chechen insurgents. On 6 February, in the forest-covered mountain area to the south of the village of Tsentoroj, a strike group composed of two Ka-50s and the sole Ka-29 discovered and, from a range of 3&nbsp;km, destroyed a fortified camp of insurgents using two "[[9K121 Vikhr]]" guided missiles. On 14 February, a similar strike group carried out a "hunting" mission in the area of Oak-Yurt and Hatun. In difficult conditions, pilots found and destroyed eight targets. These missions tested the type's airframe, as well as its on-board systems and armament. Its successful performance in difficult, mountainous terrain confirmed the usefulness of the many advanced features of the Ka-50's design, and its power and maneuverability.<ref name=Andrey_Fomin >Andrey Fomin. "Kamov Warriors". ''Combat Aircraft'', July 2005. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 64–73.</ref>
===Syrian Civil War===
Ka-52 helicopters were spotted being deployed in support of the [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War]] in 2015, various sources stating they were involved in defense of the Russian base in [[Latakia]], providing escort for [[search and rescue]] helicopters, and supporting Russian special forces.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Axe|first1=David|title=Russia's Secret Weapon of the ISIS War|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/30/russia-s-secret-weapon-of-the-isis-war.html?via=mobile&source=email|newspaper=The Daily Beast|access-date=30 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410083129/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/30/russia-s-secret-weapon-of-the-isis-war.html?via=mobile&source=email|archive-date=10 April 2016|url-status=live|date=30 March 2016}}</ref>
On 5 May 2018, a Ka-52 crashed near Mayadin due to a technical failure, according to some sources.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lostarmour.info/syria/item.php?id=17912 |title=Lostarmour ID - 17912, Ka-52, Mayadin |website=lostarmour.info |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124149/https://lostarmour.info/syria/item.php?id=17912 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Russian invasion of Ukraine===
[[File:Ка-52 в боях за аэропорт Антонов.png|thumb|Cockpit view of a Ka-52 during the [[Battle of Antonov Airport]]]]
[[File:Ка-52 helicopter pilot POV in Kiev region with attack and landing.webm|thumb|Cockpit view of a Ka-52 during the [[Battle of Antonov Airport]] (video version)]]
On 24 February 2022, during the initial stages of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], at least one Russian Ka-52 helicopter was damaged but was able to land on its own.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/video-alleged-downed-russian-ka-52-helicopter-ukraine-goes-viral-1682396 |title=Video of Alleged Downed Russian Ka-52 Helicopter in Ukraine Goes Viral |work=Newsweek |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224195359/https://www.newsweek.com/video-alleged-downed-russian-ka-52-helicopter-ukraine-goes-viral-1682396 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 March, a Russian Ka-52 was hit by a [[surface-to-air missile]] and crash landed.<ref>[https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/na-kyyivshhyni-znajshly-zbytyj-bojovyj-vertolit-ka-52 "На Київщині знайшли збитий бойовий вертоліт Ка-52" (In the Kyiv region, the Ka-52 combat helicopter was shot down)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305023007/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/na-kyyivshhyni-znajshly-zbytyj-bojovyj-vertolit-ka-52/ |date=5 March 2022}}. mil.in.ua, 3 March 2022.</ref> On 12 March, Ukrainian forces reported that Ka-52 tail number ''RF-13409'' had been shot down in Novomykolaivka near [[Kherson]].<ref>{{cite news |title=На Херсонщині знищено черговий найновіший ударний вертоліт РФ Ка-52 |url=https://defence-ua.com/news/na_hersonschini_znischeno_chergovij_najnovishij_udarnij_vertolit_rf_ka_52-6401.html |work=Defense Express |date=12 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105181356/https://defence-ua.com/news/na_hersonschini_znischeno_chergovij_najnovishij_udarnij_vertolit_rf_ka_52-6401.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ukraine officials claimed on 16 March 2022 that Ka-52 number ''RF-13411'' was shot down at an undisclosed location in Ukraine, providing footage of the airframe wreckage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ще один ударний вертоліт Ка-52 рашистів на Миколаївщині перетворили на металобрухт |url=https://defence-ua.com/news/sche_odin_udarnij_vertolit_ka_52_rashistiv_na_mikolajivschini_peretvorili_na_metalobruht-6468.html |work=Defense Express Ukraine |date=16 March 2022 |language=Ukrainian |access-date=31 March 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172050/https://defence-ua.com/news/sche_odin_udarnij_vertolit_ka_52_rashistiv_na_mikolajivschini_peretvorili_na_metalobruht-6468.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Footage appeared on social media on 5 April 2022 that appeared to show a hovering Ka-52 shot down by a Ukrainian [[Skif (ATGM)|Stugna-P]] anti-tank guided missile.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cenciotti |first1=David |title=Footage Emerges Of Russian Ka-52 Alligator Gunship Shot Down By Ukrainian Anti-Tank Missile |url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/04/05/ka-52-shot-down-atgm/ |website=theaviationist.com |date=5 April 2022 |publisher=The Aviationist |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405162348/https://theaviationist.com/2022/04/05/ka-52-shot-down-atgm/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 April, Ukrainian forces claimed to have shot down another Ka-52 and published footage of the wreckage; the crew were reported to have died.<ref>{{cite web |first=Roman |last=Donik |title=The 93rd Separate Kholodnyi Yar Mechanized Brigade shot down a Russian Ka-52 attack helicopter |url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/the-93rd-separate-kholodnyi-yar-mechanized-brigade-had-shot-down-a-russian-ka-52-attack-helicopter/ |website=mil.in.ua |publisher=Ukrainian Military Center |access-date=16 April 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212820/https://mil.in.ua/en/news/the-93rd-separate-kholodnyi-yar-mechanized-brigade-had-shot-down-a-russian-ka-52-attack-helicopter/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 May footage appeared of another Ka-52 shot down using a Stugna-P anti-tank guided missile.<ref>{{cite web |first=Roman |last=Bochkala |title=Військові показали знищення з ПТРК "Стугна-П" другого Ка-52 |url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/vijskovi-pokazaly-znyshhenyaya-z-ptrk-stugna-p-drugogo-ka-52/ |website=mil.in.ua |publisher=Ukrainian Military Center |access-date=1 May 2022 |language=uk |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501140457/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/vijskovi-pokazaly-znyshhenyaya-z-ptrk-stugna-p-drugogo-ka-52/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 June, Ukrainian forces of the [[128th Mountain Assault Brigade (Ukraine)|128th Mountain Brigade]] reported the downing of a Russian Ka-52 in the north. According to Ukrainian officials, the helicopter was shot down by MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/278972|title=Aviation Incident #278972|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=7 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607162307/https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/278972|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ppo-ukrayiny-na-donbasi-zbyla-rosijskyj-vertolit/|title=ППО України на Донбасі збила російський вертоліт|language=uk|work=Mil.in.ua|date=4 June 2022|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=14 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614234557/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ppo-ukrayiny-na-donbasi-zbyla-rosijskyj-vertolit/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 June, another helicopter was hit by a British-made [[Martlet (missile)|Martlet]] MANPADS, forcing it to land.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinski-desantnyky-z-pzrk-martlet-urazyly-vorozhyj-gelikopter/|title=Українські десантники з ПЗРК Martlet уразили ворожий гелікоптер|language=uk|date=27 June 2022|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627185729/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinski-desantnyky-z-pzrk-martlet-urazyly-vorozhyj-gelikopter/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 August, Ukrainian forces damaged a Russian Ka-52 helicopter flying in Donetsk Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinska-ppo-zbyla-vorozhyj-ka-52-na-donechchyni/|title=Українська ППО збила ворожий Ка-52 на Донеччині|language=uk|date=15 August 2022|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815192258/https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinska-ppo-zbyla-vorozhyj-ka-52-na-donechchyni/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Reportedly, a few Ka-52s have suffered from wing vibration under heavy-load attack missions. This was observed months after the invasion. It has been suggested that this may be due to causes such as fatigue, inadequate design, lack of maintenance, and poor management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/russias-ka-52-attack-helicopters-have-got-a-serious-vibration-problem|title=Russia's Ka-52 Attack Helicopters Have A Serious Vibration Problem|date=May 16, 2022|access-date=May 19, 2022|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517123938/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/russias-ka-52-attack-helicopters-have-got-a-serious-vibration-problem|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ukrainian military intelligence claimed that the Ka-52 can be "disabled with a 7.62mm machine gun" despite a claimed ability to withstand 12.7mm rounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/russian-weapons-are-old-and-ineffective-new-report-from-ukraines-ministry-of-defence-says/news-story/930bdd03088aa6c1b8306decd6734b44 |title=Russian weapons are old and ineffective, new report from Ukraine's Ministry of Defence says |website=skynews.com.au |author1=Miriah Davis |date=August 11, 2022 |access-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813065753/https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/russian-weapons-are-old-and-ineffective-new-report-from-ukraines-ministry-of-defence-says/news-story/930bdd03088aa6c1b8306decd6734b44 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Ka-52s have been heavily used by Russian forces to defend against the [[2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive]]. They have been successful, due in part to a shortage of Ukrainian short-range air defence, or [[SHORAD]], weapons. Due to the unique design of the coaxial main rotors, the helicopter can withstand the destruction of the tail. A video released on 19 June 2023 shows a Ka-52 losing its tail. The [[UK MOD]] has noted the movement of additional Ka-52s to an airfield near [[Berdiansk]], "In the constant contest between aviation measures and counter-measures, it is likely that Russia has gained a temporary advantage in southern Ukraine, especially with attack helicopters employing longer-range missiles against ground targets".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/badly-damaged-russian-ka-52-attack-helicopter-flies-without-its-tail-over-ukraine|title=The unusual design features of the Ka-52 attack helicopter allow it to keep flying even with much of its tail missing in action.|website=thedrive.com|author1=Newdick, Thomas|date=June 19, 2023|access-date=June 19, 2023|archive-date=20 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620205031/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/badly-damaged-russian-ka-52-attack-helicopter-flies-without-its-tail-over-ukraine|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/17/russian-attack-helicopters-upper-hand-southern-ukraine/ |title=Russian attack helicopters gain upper hand on key southern front, says UK MoD |website=telegraph.co.uk |author1=Jessica Abrahams |author2=James Kilner |date=June 17, 2023 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703220726/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/06/17/russian-attack-helicopters-upper-hand-southern-ukraine/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraines-armor-appears-to-have-a-russian-attack-helicopter-problem |title=Ukraine's Armor Appears To Have A Russian Attack Helicopter Problem |website=thedrive.com |author1=THOMAS NEWDICK |author2=TYLER ROGOWAY |date=June 15, 2023 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207224521/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraines-armor-appears-to-have-a-russian-attack-helicopter-problem |url-status=dead}}</ref>
As of late July 2023, the UK MoD claimed that Russia has lost 40 Ka-52s since the start of the Russian invasion. [[Oryx (website)|Oryx]], a Dutch open source website, visually confirmed 61 Ka-52s were destroyed or damaged as of 29 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html?m=1|title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine|date=June 3, 2024|access-date=June 3, 2024|archive-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603061704/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html?m=1|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time the UK MoD said on 27 July 2023: "One of the single most influential Russian weapon systems in the sector is the Ka-52 HOKUM attack helicopter". With the [[LMUR]] missile, the Ka-52 has an attack range of 15&nbsp;km, putting it beyond the range of Ukrainian air defences.<ref>{{Cite web |title= New Russian Missile Is Slowing Ukraine's Counteroffensive |date= 28 July 2023 |author= David Hambling |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2023/07/28/new-russian-missile-is-slowing-ukrainian-counteroffensive/?sh=6c71fed37878 |website= Forbes |access-date= 3 August 2023 |archive-date= 3 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230803134948/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2023/07/28/new-russian-missile-is-slowing-ukrainian-counteroffensive/?sh=6c71fed37878 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= Russia is using heavily modified Ka-52M aircraft in Ukraine and has equipped its fleet with long-range anti-tank missiles, says UK intel |date= 27 July 2023 |author= Sinéad Baker |url= https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-ka52m-helicopters-long-range-anti-tank-missile-ukraine-uk-2023-7?amp |website= Business Insider |access-date= 3 August 2023 |archive-date= 3 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230803134948/https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-ka52m-helicopters-long-range-anti-tank-missile-ukraine-uk-2023-7?amp |url-status= live}}</ref>
On 7 August 2023, a Russian Ka-52 was reported shot down over [[Robotyne]], making it the 40th lost during the current invasion according to Oryx. Oryx only counts losses confirmed through open sources.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.insider.com/russia-loses-40-alligator-helicopters-2023-8 |title= Russia loses 40th Ka-52 Alligator, which the Kremlin calls the world's 'best helicopter gunship' |date=2023-08-13 |publisher=Business Insider |author= Rebecca Rommen}}</ref>
On 17 August 2023, Ukrainian military claimed to have shot down two Ka-52s in one day. One was downed near [[Robotyne]] with a [[MANPAD]] by the [[47th Mechanized Brigade]], a second was claimed by the Ukrainian Air Force near [[Bakhmut]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-says-downed-2-russian-ka-52-helicopters-1-morning-2023-8?amp |title= Ukraine says it downed 2 Ka-52 attack helicopters, which Russia calls the world's best, in a single morning |author= Sinéad Baker |date= 2023-08-17 |publisher= Business Insider |access-date= 17 August 2023 |archive-date= 17 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230817121027/https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-says-downed-2-russian-ka-52-helicopters-1-morning-2023-8?amp |url-status= live}}</ref> Ukraine has reported that the missile system used to shoot down a Ka-52 near Robotyne was the [[RBS-70]]. While a Ka-52 has countermeasures for infra-red and laser guided missiles, it appears to lack radar jamming. It has to rely flying with helicopters like the [[Mi-28]]s that have radar jamming technology.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/17/ukraines-helicopter-killing-rbs-70-missiles-can-see-right-through-russian-jamming/?sh=320f05b63372 |title= Ukraine's Helicopter-Killing RBS-70 Missiles Can See Right Through Russian Jamming |author= David Axe |date= 2023-08-17 |work= Forbes |access-date= 18 August 2023 |archive-date= 18 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230818135003/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/17/ukraines-helicopter-killing-rbs-70-missiles-can-see-right-through-russian-jamming/?sh=320f05b63372 |url-status= live}}</ref> Despite sanctions Russia has continued to manufacture Ka-52s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-should-not-be-able-to-make-attack-helicopters-ukraine-official-2023-8 |title=Ukraine says it can shoot down Ka-52 attack helicopters but Russia needs to be stopped from making new ones |author=Jake Epstein |date=2023-08-18 |work=Forbes |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818135003/https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-should-not-be-able-to-make-attack-helicopters-ukraine-official-2023-8 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Additionally five Ka-52s have been destroyed by Ukrainian tactical missiles on 18 October on the grounds of Berdiansk airport, as reported by Oryx (via satellite imaging).<ref name="oryxspioenkop.com">{{Cite web |author= |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Oryx |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604015103/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 29 December 2023, at least 60 Ka-52s have been confirmed lost during the invasion, with 47 destroyed, 12 damaged, and one damaged and captured by Ukrainian forces.<ref name="oryxspioenkop.com"/>
A Ka-52 was shot down during the [[Wagner Group rebellion]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Russian Air Force suffers significant losses in Wagner mutiny |first=Gareth |last=Jennings |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/russian-air-force-suffers-significant-losses-in-wagner-mutiny |website=Janes |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626235912/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/russian-air-force-suffers-significant-losses-in-wagner-mutiny |url-status=live}}</ref> Another Ka-52 was able to decoy a missile fired from a Wagner operated [[9K35 Strela-10]] by use of flares.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Ka-52 came back from the dead by dropping anti-missile decoys |first=Alexey |last=Lenkov |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/06/25/ka-52-came-back-from-the-dead-by-dropping-anti-missile-decoys/ |website=Bulgarian Military |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627081318/https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/06/25/ka-52-came-back-from-the-dead-by-dropping-anti-missile-decoys/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
On 19 July 2024, a Ka-52 was purportedly shot down by a [[BM-27 Uragan]] rocket according to Russian telegram source, both crew were killed, but the location and date of the downing have not been released. This followed a similar event where a rocket narrowly missed an Ka-52 per cockpit footage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Russia it has been announced the loss of Ka-52 due to Uragan rocket hit |url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/in-russia-it-has-been-announced-the-loss-of-ka-52-due-to-uragan-rocket-hit/ |date=19 July 2024 |access-date=2024-07-19 |publisher=mil.in.ua}}</ref>
On 7 August 2024 during the [[Ukrainian incursion into Kursk]], a Ka-52 was destroyed along with the two-man crew. The Ukrainians are concerned about the ability of the aircraft to carry [[9K121 Vikhr]] air-to-surface missiles, as they are able to penetrate tank armour. The Ka-52 "can carry up to 12 units, allowing it to attack targets from 5 to 11 kilometres."<ref name="duk1">{{cite news |url=https://dailywrap.uk/ukrainian-forces-storm-kursk-oblast-destroy-prized-ka-52-helicopter,7057451760092801a |title=Ukrainian forces storm Kursk Oblast, destroy prized Ka-52 helicopter }}</ref><ref name="msn1">{{cite news |url=https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/ukrainian-forces-strike-deep-into-kursk-russia-suffers-losses/ar-AA1oolI4}}</ref>
Ukrainian forces have shot down a Ka-52 attack helicopter using a Swedish-made [[RBS 70|RBS-70]] man-portable anti-air missile in the Kursk region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GDC |date=2024-09-04 |title=Russian Ka-52 attack helicopter falls victim to Swedish RBS-70 MANDAP again, FPV drones down Mi-28 helicopters |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2024/09/04/rbs-70-downs-ka-52/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 7 September 2024, 61 Ka-52s have been destroyed during the conflict.<ref>[https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html "Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine"]. Oryx, Accessed 7 September 2024.</ref>
===Other===
It has participated in a number of exercises, including "Boundary 2004" at the Edelweiss training center in Kyrgyzstan during August 2004. The "Shark" demonstrated its advantages by operating at a high altitude and an air temperature of more than 30&nbsp;°C. A Ka-50 provided cover for the landing of troops and then worked on the ground targets using its cannons and rockets.<ref name=Andrey_Fomin />
India issued a request for proposal for 22 attack helicopters for the [[Indian Air Force]] in May 2008.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3554970&c=EUR&s=TOP "India to Buy 22 Attack Helos for $550M"] {{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}. Defense News,</ref> The Ka-50, the Mil Mi-28, and the Eurocopter Tiger were the front-runners for this order as of October 2008.<ref>Govindasamy, Siva. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/10/10/317257/bell-boeing-quit-indian-attack-helicopter-contest.html "Bell, Boeing quit Indian attack helicopter contest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710053508/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/10/10/317257/bell-boeing-quit-indian-attack-helicopter-contest.html |date=10 July 2009}}. ''Flight International'', 10 October 2008.</ref> The tender though was eventually cancelled and later India announced a new tender, with revised conditions. Russia again offered the Mi-28N and Ka-52.{{citation needed|date=September 2022}}
The [[Russian Air Force]] has accepted 12 Ka-52 helicopters for operational service in 2011, and the total number of completed Ka-52s was already 65 units. 20 Ka-52 aircraft were located at the 575th Airbase [[Chernigovsky District]], [[Eastern Military District]]. 16 were at 393rd "Sevastopol" Airbase [[Korenovsk]], [[Southern Military District]], 12 were transferred to newly formed 15th Army Aviation Brigade of the [[Western Military District]] at the airport of [[Ostrov, Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrov]], 8 – Torzhok 344th Centre for Combat Training and Flight Personnel Training. Five test aircraft are owned by JSC "Kamov"; two machines were lost in accidents.<ref name="bmdp">{{cite web|url=http://bmpd.livejournal.com/700413.html |title=Поставка вертолетов Ка-52 ВВС России |date=2013-12-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225124803/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/700413.html |archive-date=25 December 2015}}</ref> The Ka-52 was displayed to the international community at the 2013 [[Paris Air Show]].<ref>[http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/paris-air-show/2013-06-19/kamov-working-naval-alligator "Kamov Working On Naval Alligator"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423050349/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/paris-air-show/2013-06-19/kamov-working-naval-alligator |date=23 April 2014}}. AIN online, 19 June 2013.</ref>
In 2013, the AAC "Progress" has completed the contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, signed in 2009, and would begin the next long-term contract for supplying 143 Ka-52, worth about 120 billion rubles (≈[[US$]]3.5 bln).<ref name="NG">[http://www.ng.ru/armament/2014-01-17/1_6plants.html "Шесть заводов под одним крылом"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201230536/http://www.ng.ru/armament/2014-01-17/1_6plants.html |date=1 February 2014}}. Nezavisimaya gazeta</ref>
In June 2015, Sergei Kornev, the head of [[Rosoboronexport|Rosoboronexport's]] delegation, said that Russia has signed its first contracts on the export of Ka-52 Alligator attack helicopters. "We have the Ka-52 in its export model and we have contracts for it, and it's already being spun because it has a good, firm future" he said at the airshow outside Paris. Kornev did not specify the volume of contracts or with whom they were signed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-26 |title=Algeria interested in Kamov Ka-52 attack helicopter |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/aerospace/aerospace-aerospace/algeria-interested-in-kamov-ka-52-attack-helicopter/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=defenceWeb |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602045944/https://www.defenceweb.co.za/aerospace/aerospace-aerospace/algeria-interested-in-kamov-ka-52-attack-helicopter/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[Algerian Air Force]] is negotiating a sale for 12 Ka-52Es as of 2022. In September 2015, the Ka-52 was presented at [[Aïn Oussera Airport|Aïn Oussera Air Base]].<ref name="Butowski 2022 page=74"/>
North Macedonia reportedly bought two Ka-52s (or Ka-50s) from Russia in June 2001 for its [[North Macedonia Air Brigade]]. However, the Ministry of Defense of Macedonia denied this report.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Macedonia's Weaponry: A New Nation Re-Arms and Fights |first=Rob |last=Krott |url=https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2122 |journal=Small Arms Review |volume=7 |issue=1 |date=October 2003 |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233215/https://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2122 |archive-date=2019-03-30 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://theaviationgeekclub.com/air-war-over-north-macedonia-how-ukrainian-mercenary-pilots-fought-against-separatists/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601152932/https://theaviationgeekclub.com/air-war-over-north-macedonia-how-ukrainian-mercenary-pilots-fought-against-separatists/|date=1 June 2023}} {{verify source|date=May 2023}}</ref>
==Variants==
[[File:Russian Air Force Kamov Ka-52 (19442404770).jpg|thumb|Kamov Ka-52 of the Russian Aerospace Forces]]
;[[Kamov V-80]]: Prototype version for the Ka-50.<ref name="butowski p9">{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=9}}</ref>
;Kamov Ka-50: Single-seat version<ref name="butowski p9" />
;Kamov Ka-50Sh: Ka-50 with improved night-attack capability<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=28}}</ref>
;Kamov Ka-50-2 "Erdogan": Version marketed to Turkey, with a two-seat tandem cockpit.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=35}}</ref>
;Kamov Ka-52 "Alligator": Highly upgraded version with a two-seat side-by-side cockpit for the [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|page=45}}</ref>
;Kamov Ka-52E: Export version, sold to Egypt.<ref>{{harvnb|Butowski|2022|pages=74–75}}</ref>
;Kamov Ka-52K "Katran": Naval version with folding blades and reinforced landing gear, wing shortened for basing on ships and planned capability of using [[Kh-35]] and [[Kh-38]] missiles.<ref name="auto"/>
;Kamov Ka-52M : Upgraded Ka-52 with a modernized targeting turret with an increased range, stronger undercarriage wheels, and improved cockpit ergonomics,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Butowski |first=Piotr |date=2023-07-21 |title=Enhanced Version Of Russia's Ka-52 Attack Helicopter Appears |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/enhanced-version-of-russias-ka-52-attack-helicopter-appears |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=The Drive |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920054608/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/enhanced-version-of-russias-ka-52-attack-helicopter-appears |url-status=dead}}</ref> nicknamed "Super Alligator".{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
==Operators==
;{{EGY}}
* [[Egyptian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2018">{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/ |title= World Air Forces 2018 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year=2018 |access-date= 7 September 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180206123925/https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/ |archive-date= 6 February 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref> – 46 Ka-52s as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moscow struggles to sell fighter jets in the Mideast |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/01/moscow-struggles-sell-fighter-jets-mideast |date=13 January 2022 |website=[[Al-Monitor]] |language=en |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528045309/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/01/moscow-struggles-sell-fighter-jets-mideast |url-status=live}}</ref>
**549 Air Wing
*** 39 Squadron (Wadi al Jandali)
*** 40 Squadron (Wadi al Jandali)
*** 41 Squadron (Wadi al Jandali)
;{{Flag|Russia}}
* [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2018"/> – 133 Ka-52 helicopters as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Military Balance 2022 |page=201}}</ref>
** 39th IHR ([[Dzhankoi]]), [[55th Independent Helicopter Regiment]] (Korenovsk), [[319th Independent Helicopter Regiment]]; 15th, 18th Brigades of Army Aviation; others.<ref>[https://www.scramble.nl/planning/orbats/russian-federation/russian-federation-aerospace-forces#UIAI499 Scramble.nl Russian Aerospace Forces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521034745/https://www.scramble.nl/planning/orbats/russian-federation/russian-federation-aerospace-forces#UIAI499 |date=21 May 2022}}, accessed November 2023.</ref>
* [[Russian Naval Aviation]]<ref name=Ka-52K_ref1/><ref name=Ka-52K_ref2/>
==Specifications (Ka-50)==
[[File:Kamov Ka-50 Hokum graphic.gif|thumb|350px|Ka-50 three-view figure]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Manufacturer sources<ref name="Russian Helicopters">{{cite web|title=Ka-52 "Alligator" Reconnaissance and combat helicopter|url=http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/military/ka-52/features.html|publisher=Russian Helicopters|access-date=23 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103223616/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/military/ka-52/features.html|archive-date=3 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ka-52_prod"/><ref name="Ka-50_prod">[http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka50/ Ka-50 product page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107181710/http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka50/ |date=7 November 2010}}. Kamov.</ref> Donald,<ref name=Donald_p310/> naval-technology.com,<ref name="naval-technology.com">{{cite web|title=Kamov Ka-52 Alligator Helicopter|url=http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kamovka52alligatorhe|publisher=naval-technology.com|access-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112173437/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/kamovka52alligatorhe|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}} Federation of American Scientists<ref name="Federation of American Scientists">{{cite web|title=KA-50 HOKUM (KAMOV)|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/row/ka-50.htm|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112171932/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/row/ka-50.htm|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{verify source|date=January 2015}}
|prime units?=met
<!--   General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|capacity=
|length m=16
|length note=
|height m=4.93
|empty weight kg=7700
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=9800
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=10800
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--   Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Klimov VK-2500]]
|eng1 type=[[turboshaft]] engines
|eng1 shp=2400
|rot number=2
|rot dia m=14.5
|rot area sqm=330.3
|rot area note=contra-rotating 3-bladed main rotors
<!--   Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=315
|max speed note=
|cruise speed kmh=270
|cruise speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=350
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=545
|range note=
|combat range km=470
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=1160
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=5500
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=12
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|disk loading kg/m2=30
|disk loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.33|kW/kg|hp/lb}}
|more performance=
<!--   Armament
-->
|guns=1 × mobile semi-rigid [[30 mm caliber|30 mm]] [[Shipunov 2A42]] cannon (460 rounds total, dual feeding [[armor-piercing shot and shell|AP]] or [[HE-Frag]])
|hardpoints=6 × under-wing hardpoints, plus 2 on wingtips for countermeasures or air-to-air missiles
|hardpoint capacity= 2,000&nbsp;kg
|hardpoint missiles=2 × APU-6 Missile racks, able to accommodate a total of 12 × [[9K121 Vikhr]] anti-tank missiles, 2 × [[LMUR]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0111/092071156/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / ВКС России в ходе СВО начали применять вертолеты Ка-52М с ракетами "Изделие 305"|website=armstrade.org|access-date=2 February 2023|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117141748/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0111/092071156/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|hardpoint rockets=80 × 80 mm [[S-8 rocket]]s and 20 × 122 mm [[S-13 rocket]], 4 × [[9K38 Igla|Igla]] air-to-air missiles<ref name="airforce-technology.com"/>
|hardpoint bombs=4 × 250&nbsp;kg (550 lb) bombs or 2 × 500&nbsp;kg (1,100 lb) bombs,
|hardpoint other=23 mm [[GSh-23L|UPK-23-250]] gun pods (240 rounds each), 500 L (130 US gal) external fuel tanks.
* Two pods on the wingtips with flare and chaff countermeasure dispensers, 4 UV-26 dispensers each (total 32 chaff/flare cartridges in each pod)
|avionics=
}}
<!--==Popular culture==
===============({{NoMoreCruft}})===============-->
<!-- Please READ [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content#Popular culture]] and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Style guide#Popular culture]] before adding any "Popular culture" items.
Please do not add the many minor appearances of the aircraft. This section is only for major cultural appearances where the aircraft plays a MAJOR part in the story line, or has an "especially notable" role in what is listed. A verifiable source proving the appearance's notability may be required. Random cruft, including ALL Ace Combat, Battlefield, and Metal Gear Solid appearances, and ALL anime/fiction lookalike speculation, WILL BE removed.
If your item has been removed, please discuss it on the talk page FIRST. A verifiable source proving the appearance's notability may be required. If a consensus is reached to include your item, a regular editor of this page will add it back. Thank you for your cooperation.-->
<!-- ===============({{NoMoreCruft}})=============== -->
==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
* [[Kamov Ka-25]]
* [[Kamov Ka-27]]
* [[Kamov V-80]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Agusta A129 Mangusta]]
* [[AgustaWestland Apache]]
* [[Bell AH-1 SuperCobra]]
* [[Bell AH-1Z Viper]]
* [[Boeing AH-64 Apache]]
* [[CAIC Z-10]]
* [[Denel Rooivalk]]
* [[Eurocopter Tiger]]
* [[HAL Prachand]]
* [[Harbin WZ-19]]
* [[IAIO Toufan]]
* [[Mil Mi-28]]
* [[Panha 2091]]
* [[TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK]]
|lists=
}}
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Butowski |first1=Piotr |title=Ka-52 Hokum |date=2022 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford, UK |isbn=978-1-80282-269-4}}
* Donald, David, and Daniel J. March. "Ka-50/52, Kamov's 'Hokum' family". ''Modern Battlefield Warplanes''. AIRtime Publishing, 2004. {{ISBN|1-880588-76-5}}.
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|date=July 2006 |location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=978-1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}}
{{Refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons and category|Kamov Ka-50}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101107181710/http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka50/ Kamov Ka-50], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20101107181714/http://www.kamov.ru/en/production/ka52/ Kamov Ka-52 official pages]
*[http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/ Helicopter site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323053144/http://www.russianhelicopters.aero/en/helicopters/ |date=23 March 2014}}
* [http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/helicopters/ka-52/ Ka-52 Rosoboronexport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129165234/http://roe.ru/eng/catalog/aerospace-systems/helicopters/ka-52 |date=29 January 2020}}
{{Kamov aircraft}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Kamov aircraft]]
[[Category:Attack helicopters]]
[[Category:1980s Soviet attack aircraft]]
[[Category:Coaxial rotor helicopters]]
[[Category:1980s Soviet helicopters]]
[[Category:Twin-turbine helicopters]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1982]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]
[[Category:Single seat helicopters]]