View source for Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments

{{Short description|Museum in Almaty, Kazakhstan}}
{{Infobox Historic building
|name                    = The Ykhlas Museum of Folk Musical Instruments
|native_name             = Yqylas atyndağy halyq muzykalyq aspaptar muzeyı
|image                   = Museum of Folk Instruments, Almaty.jpg
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|location_town           = [[Almaty]]
|location_country        = [[Kazakhstan]]
|former_names            = *House of Officers
''(Before 1980)''
|architect               =
|client                  =
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|completion_date         = 1908
|opened_date             = 1980 ''as a museum''
|date_demolished         =
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|website                 = https://almatymuseum.kz/yhlas-en/
}}
[[File:Jetigen.jpg|thumb|A ''[[jetigen]]'' harp on display at the museum.]]
The '''Ykhlas Museum of Folk Musical Instruments''' ({{langx|kk|Ықылас атындағы халық музыкалық аспаптар музейі}}, ''Yqylas atyndağy halyq muzykalyq aspaptar muzeyı'', {{IPA-kk|ɯqɯˈlɑs ɑtɯndɑˈɣɯ xɑlˈɯq muzɨˈkalɯq ɑspɑpˈtɑr muˈzʲɛjə|}}) is a musical instrument museum located in [[Almaty]], [[Kazakhstan]].<ref name="SchreiberTredinnick2008">{{cite book|author1=Dagmar Schreiber|author2=Jeremy Tredinnick|title=Kazakhstan: Nomadic Routes from Caspian to Altai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mWEjAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 April 2012|date=28 February 2008|publisher=Odyssey|isbn=978-962-217-789-5}}</ref>
Located in [[Park of 28 Panfilov Guardsmen|Panfilov Park]], the wooden building was erected in 1908, simultaneously with [[Ascension Cathedral, Almaty|Ascension Cathedral]]. During the period, the military leadership of the Turkestan governor-generalship once met here for ceremonies and state receptions.
== History ==
The cathedral was built in the style of [[Architecture of Russia|Old Russian architecture]], designed by the famous architect A.P. Zenkov. The museum is one of the few that has survived since the times of Verny city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Музей народных музыкальных инструментов имени Ыхласа|url=https://yqlasmusmuseum.kz/ru/page/5|access-date=2021-12-14|website=yqlasmusmuseum.kz|language=ru}}</ref>
After the establishment of the [[Soviet Union]], the building was used as the [[House of Officers (Almaty)|House of Officers]] until 1980, when it was transformed into the musical instruments museum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-06 |title=Музей казахских народных музыкальных инструментов в Алматы |url=http://alnaz.ru/almaty/kazmuzmuzej.html |access-date=2022-05-30 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906170643/http://alnaz.ru/almaty/kazmuzmuzej.html |archive-date=6 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The museum was named after Great Kazakh musician of 19-20th centuries [[Ykylas Dukenuly|Ykylas]], who promoted the purity of [[Folklore|folk culture]] and preservation of various national instruments.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Музей народных музыкальных инструментов имени Ыхласа |url=https://almatymuseum.kz/yhlasa/ |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Музей |language=ru-RU}}</ref>
== Architecture ==
The wooden building, rectangular in plan and covered with boards, is a tower. The windows are tall, rectangular, three-winged, abundantly carved platbands; the facades are decorated with applied wooden carving. Space-planning solution is triaxial, which is singled out on the main facade of the [[mosque]] by [[Avant-corps|risalits]]. The central risalit is accented by two-tiered hipped roof, with ornately decorated carved platbands of [[Dormer|dormer windows]]. The upper tier is through, with a four-slope roof supported by carved pillars. The side risalits have a single-pitch metal roof. The main entrance is accentuated by a keel-shaped high porch leaning on carved pillars. Small square windows are used in the upper tier of the tower volume. The attic windows are keeled.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-05 |title=Достопримечательности Алматы :: Музеи |url=http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105165645/http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
During the 1979 reconstruction, Kazakh national patterns were added to the wooden carvings: "agash" - tree of life, "shynzhara" - running waves, "uzilmes" - curly stem, "otkizbe" - horn-like curl.
== Museum exposition ==
The museum exhibits musical instruments of outstanding performers of the past singers-improvisers and composers [[Abai Qunanbaiuly]], Birzhan, [[Qurmangazy Sagyrbaiuly]], [[Makhambet Otemisuly]], Shashu-bay, [[Dina Nurpeisova]], Kazangap, Nartay, Kenen, Seitek, Muryn-zhyrau, Kyzyl-zhyrau, [[Zhambyl Zhabayuly]], Boltyrik-zhyrau, A. Zhubanov, A. Kashaubaev, A. Khasenov, D. Myktybaev and many others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-05 |title=Достопримечательности Алматы :: Музеи |url=http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105165645/http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The museum of musical instruments consists of several halls:
* Sources of folk music - history of musical instruments of Turkic peoples;
* Hall of [[Wind instrument|wind]] and [[Percussion instrument|percussion instruments]] - tells about such instruments as [[dauylpaz|dauylpa]], dudyga, shyn, asatayak, dabyl, kos dunkildek and shyndauyl;
* The Hall of Masters - the winning instruments of the first Republican Instrument-Making Contest "Aniz dombyra";
* Kobyz Hall;
* The hall of Turkic peoples' musical instruments - 27 musical instruments of 14 Turkic-speaking countries;
* The Hall of Musical Instruments of the World Peoples - 81 musical instruments from 27 countries of the world.
== Modern condition ==
Today, there are more than 1,000 items of instruments in the museum's collection, which are divided into 60 types of Kazakh national musical instruments. The collection also includes instruments, which were owned by famous singers-improvisers and composers. The most ancient exhibits date back to the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-05 |title=Достопримечательности Алматы :: Музеи |url=http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105165645/http://dostoprim.almaty.kz/page.php?page_id=133&lang=1&article_id=509 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
From the outside, the building is made of wood and resembles the traditional Russian building. Inside, the decoration corresponds to classic Kazakh national patterns. In front of the building stands a sculpture of the narkobyz, a Kazakh bow instrument.
== Monument status ==
April 4, 1979 decision of the executive committee of the Almaty City Council of People's Deputies building "House of Officers" (at that time) has acquired the status of a monument of history and culture, and was placed under the protection of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-12 |title=Решение Исполнительного комитета Алма-Атинского городского Совета народных депутатов от 4 апреля 1979 года № 139 «Об утверждении списка памятников истории и культуры города Алма-Аты» (с изменениями от 21.05.1999 г.) (утратило силу) - ПАРАГРАФ-WWW |url=http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30163168 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112142915/http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30163168 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
On January 26, 1982, the building (at that time, the Republican Puppet Theater) was included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of national significance of the Kazakh SSR.
On November 25, 1993, it became part of the Almaty State Historical-Architectural and Memorial Reserve. New construction is prohibited on the territory of the reserve. Reconstruction of objects is possible only with the permission of the [[Ministry of Culture and Sports (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Culture and Sports of Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-29 |title=НОРМАТИВ :: ОБ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ АЛМАТИНСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ИСТОРИКО-АРХ… |url=https://archive.today/20140529180250/http://normativ.uchet.kz/view/892/?sphrase_id=81478 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=archive.ph}}</ref>
On September 27, 2006, the mayor of the city, [[Imangali Tasmagambetov]], issued a decree, which proposed to the Government of Kazakhstan to exclude the museum building (Proletarskaya street, 24) from the State List of Historical and Cultural Monuments of Almaty, as a monument of local importance. This resolution was rejected, since the building had been a monument of historical and cultural significance of national importance since 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-31 |title=Постановление акимата города Алматы от 27 сентября 2006 года № 6/1139… |url=https://archive.today/20190131162451/http://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=30073753 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=archive.ph}}</ref>
== Administration ==
Before the collapse of the USSR, the museum was managed by the Ministry of Culture of the Kazakh SSR. Then it was under republican control and was managed by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Then in 2012, it was withdrawn from the republican management of the Ministry of Culture and transferred to the municipal management of the Department of Culture of the Akimat of Almaty.
==See also==
* [[List of museums in Kazakhstan]]
* [[List of music museums]]
* [[National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan]]
==References==
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[[Category:Museums in Almaty]]
[[Category:Musical instrument museums]]
[[Category:National museums]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Almaty]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1908]]
[[Category:Museums established in 1980]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Music organizations based in Kazakhstan]]