View source for Khamas (raga)

{{Short description|A Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Khamas
| synonym       =
| image_name    =
| image_alt     =
| mela          =
| chakra        =
| type          =
| arohanam      = {{svaraC|S|M1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam    = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva         =
| chhaya        =
| nyasa         =
| vishesha      =
| equivalent    =
| similar       =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi'''  ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.
It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />
== Structure and lakshana ==
[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]
''Khamas'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' in the ascending scale. It is a ''vakra-shadava-sampurna'' rāgam (''vakra-shadava'', meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|M1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].
==Alternate versions==
Originally, ''Khamas'' was an ''upanga raga'' (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in ''javalis'' and other later compositions, the ''bhashanga'' type of ''Khamas'' came into use (using notes external to the scale).<ref name="ragas" /> ''Kakali nishadam'' (N3) is introduced as ''anya swara'' (external note) occasionally.<ref name="ragas" />
According to [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of music, ''Khamas'' is a ''[[sampurna raga]]'' with no zig-zag notes (no ''vakra'' usage).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />
Khamāj (खमाज)  of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece Hindustani music's equivalent of Khamas Raga]</ref>
==Popular compositions==
There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kritis]]'', ''[[Thillana (music)|thillanas]]'' and  ''[[Varnam (music)|varnams]]'' composed in this ragam.
*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate(Daru Varnam)'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana''  by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Manasa Ramuni Maravakave''  by [[Venkataramana Bhagavatar]]
*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu niliso'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
*''Maatada Baradeno'' By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
*''Rama jogi mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu brovara'' and ''Rama rara''  by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
*''Idathu padam thookki'' and ''Rama nama amrutha'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''[[Tham Tham Tham - Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Dholayam chala Dholayam chala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
*''Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda'' by Parameswara Bhagavatar
*''Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani'' by Varadadasar
*''Sarasa-sama-mukha'', ''palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Tirunal]]
*''Jayati jayati bharata-mata'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]
==Film Compositions==
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu
|[[Thiruneelakantar]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|rowspan=2|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo
|[[Raja Mukthi]]
|[[C. R. Subburaman]]
|-
|Naan Pesa Vanthen
|Palloti Valartha Killi
|rowspan="6"|[[Illayaraja]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Pallaviye Charanam
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
|-
|Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Komberi Mookan]]
|-
|Margazhi Matham
|Panjami(Unreleased Movie)
|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]
|-
|Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Idaya Kovil]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Villu Pattukaran]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Uyirum Neeye
|[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]
|rowspan="2"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
|[[Anthimanthaarai]]
|[[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| Poo Poovaa
| [[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]
| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]]
|-
| Sokka Naanum Nikkuren
| [[Boat (2024 film)|Boat]]
| [[Ghibran]]
| [[Sudha Raghunathan]]
|}
==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}
==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist}}
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Janya ragas]]