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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:Kholmsk, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, 694620 - panoramio (2).jpg
|Ship image size=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Canada
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Canada}}
|Ship name=''Canmar Kigoriak''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner=[[Dome Petroleum]]
|Ship operator=[[Canadian Marine Drilling]]
|Ship registry=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Saint John Shipbuilding|Saint John Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company]], [[Saint John, New Brunswick]], [[Canada]]
|Ship original cost=C$25 million
|Ship yard number=1132
|Ship laid down=5 April 1979
|Ship launched=28 July 1979
|Ship completed=4 September 1979
|Ship in service=1979–1997
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Sold in 1997
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Liberia
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Liberia}}
|Ship name=''Kigoria''
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=[[Tschudi Group|International Transport Contractors]]
|Ship registry=[[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]]
|Ship in service=1997–2003
|Ship fate=Sold in 2003
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Russia
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Russia}}
|Ship name=*''Talagy'' (''Талаги'') (2003–2010)
*''Kigoriak'' (''Кигориак'') (2010–2022)
|Ship owner=[[FEMCO Group]]
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=[[Kholmsk]], [[Russia]]
|Ship in service=2003–2022
|Ship identification=*{{IMO number|7824261}}
*{{MMSI|273449570}}
*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: UENL<ref name="equasis">{{csr|register=E|id=7824261|shipname=Kigoriak|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap in 2022<ref name="tradewinds_scrap">{{cite web|url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/offshore/icebreaking-anchor-handler-scrapped-at-whopping-745-per-ldt/2-1-1155206|title= Icebreaking anchor-handler scrapped at whopping $745 per ldt|publisher=TradeWinds|date=26 January 2022|access-date=1 February 2022}}</ref>
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Icebreaker]], [[AHTS]]
|Ship tonnage=*{{GT|3898}}
*{{NetT|1169}}
*{{DWT|2066}}
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length=*{{convert|90.7|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam=*{{convert|17.25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (moulded)
*{{convert|19.25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (reamers)
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|8.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (maximum)
|Ship depth={{convert|10|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship ice class=* CASPPR [[Ice class|Arctic Class 3]]
*[[Russian Maritime Register of Shipping|RS]] LL4
|Ship power=2{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}[[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer]] 12ZV40/48 (2{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}8,700{{nbsp}}hp)
|Ship propulsion=*Single shaft; [[controllable pitch propeller]]
|Ship speed={{convert|13.5|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=18 (accommodation for 22 crew and 12 passengers)
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Kigoriak''''' ({{lang-rus|Кигориак}}) was a Canadian and later Russian [[icebreaker|icebreaking]] [[anchor handling tug supply vessel]]. Built by [[Saint John Shipbuilding|Saint John Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company]] for [[Canadian Marine Drilling]] (Canmar) in 1979 as '''''Canmar Kigoriak''''', she was the first commercial icebreaking vessel developed to support offshore oil exploration in the [[Beaufort Sea]].
When Canmar's icebreaker fleet was sold in 1997, the vessel's name was shortened to '''''Kigoria''''' and she was reflagged to [[Liberia]]. For the next six years, [[Tschudi Group|International Transport Contractors]] used the icebreaker mainly for ocean towage and salvage operations in the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The vessel changed hands again in 2003 when she was sold to her current owner, [[FEMCO Group]], and renamed first '''''Talagy''''' (Russian: ''Талаги'') and, in 2010, ''Kigoriak''.
After more than four decades of service, ''Kigoriak'' was sold for scrap in January 2022.<ref name="tradewinds_scrap" />
== History ==
=== Development and construction ===
In the mid-1970s, [[Canadian Marine Drilling]] (Canmar), the drilling subsidiary of [[Dome Petroleum]], began drilling for oil in the Canadian part of the [[Beaufort Sea]] using ice-strengthened [[drillship]]s and an extensive support fleet of icebreaking vessels. Aiming for year-round operations, the company also began developing its own experimental [[icebreaker]] concepts to support exploration drilling and, eventually, production-related operations.<ref name="poac1983">{{Citation|last1=Keinonen|first1=A.|last2=Duff|first2=J.|contribution=Canmar Kigoriak - Demonstration of Arctic Capability|year=1983|title=The Seventh International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC'83)|volume=2|publisher=Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)|contribution-url=http://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC83_V2_all.pdf|pages=620–633}}</ref>
The first vessel of this research and development program represented a radical departure from previous icebreaker design. In just eight weeks, Canmar's engineering and design team developed an icebreaker concept which emphasized simplicity and ease of construction to ensure quick delivery. While traditional icebreakers featured rounded hulls which were expensive to produce, in Canmar's design approximately 80{{nbsp}}% of the shell plating consisted of flat plates and hard chines. The spoon-shaped bow also featured reamers to improve turning capability in ice by breaking a channel that wider than the vertical-sided midbody. While the hull surface was initially left unpainted with only a handful of [[sacrificial anode]]s, the bow was lined with nozzles that pumped 12,000{{nbsp}}tons of sea water per hour onto the ice to reduce hull-ice friction. In the engine room, the simplest type of propulsion system was adopted: while most icebreakers featured diesel-driven generators, transformers and electric propulsion motors driving multiple shafts, Canmar opted for two medium-speed [[diesel engine]]s mechanically geared to a single propeller shaft. The [[Variable-pitch propeller (marine)|controllable-pitch propeller]] was shrouded in a [[ducted propeller|nozzle]] that not only protected it from ice, but also increased thrust by 30{{nbsp}}% at lower speeds.<ref name="poac1983" /><ref name="northerndevelopment">Icebreaker Kigoriak a success! Northern Development, Winter 1979. Page 8.</ref><ref name="marineweek">Ice record breaker. Marine Week, October 1979.</ref><ref name="calgaryherald">Icebreaker Kigoriak tames hostile Arctic. The Calgary Herald, 9 February 1980.</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=Most icebreakers have two or more screws and people thought we were crazy with adopting the one-prop concept ... but we decided to put all of our eggs in one basket, and then made that basket stronger than hell.|author=Gordon Harrison, President, Canadian Marine Drilling<ref name="calgaryherald" />}}
After the icebreaker concept had been developed, Canmar hired the Vancouver-based engineering company [[Arctic Offshore Design (company)|Arctic Offshore Design]] to produce a tender package which was then handed over to [[Saint John Shipbuilding|Saint John Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company]] for detailed planning and construction. Laid down on 5 April 1979 and launched only few months later as ''Canmar Kigoriak'', the icebreaker was built in record time of only eight and a half months at a cost of about 25 million [[Canadian dollar]]s. She was delivered to Canmar on 4 September 1979 and hastily departed to the Beaufort Sea shortly afterwards.<ref name="poac1983" /><ref name="northerndevelopment" /><ref name="seaweb">{{csr|register=SEAWEB|id=7824261|shipname=Kigoriak|access-date=2018-09-09}}</ref>
=== ''Canmar Kigoriak'' (1979–1997) ===
''Canmar Kigoriak''{{'}}s primary mission was to protect stationary drillships from [[drift ice|drifting ice]] through [[ice management]]. When a potentially dangerous ice feature was detected approaching the drill site and the spread-moored drillship, the icebreaker was dispatched to break it up into smaller pieces that would not pose a threat to the drilling operation; this allowed extending the drilling season by starting it earlier and ending it later. In addition, she was used for other tasks such as escorting drillships to and from the drill site. During the winter months, the vessel was left unmanned in cold lay-up together with other Canmar vessels.<ref name="poac1983" /><ref name="finesse">{{Citation|last1=Clark|first1=Karin|last2=Hetherington|first2=Cory|last3=O'Neill|first3=Chris|last4=Zavitz|first4=Jana|year=1997|title=Breaking Ice With Finesse: Oil & Gas Exploration in the Canadian Arctic| publisher =The Arctic Institute of North America|isbn =978-0919034945}}</ref>
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, ''Canmar Kigoriak'' was tested in all ice conditions found in the Beaufort Sea. In addition to determining the icebreaker's operational capability and limitations in extreme conditions such as large multi-year ice floes, systematic research was carried out to gain understanding of full-scale ship-ice interactions in order to develop feasible solutions for year-round transporting oil and gas from the Arctic in the future.<ref name="poac1983" /><ref name="finesse" /> During these trials, the hull and propulsion system were extensively instrumented to measure vessel motions and structural response during icebreaking operations.<ref name="poac1983_2">{{Citation|last=Edgecombe|first=M. H.|contribution=Instrumentation of Canmar Kigoriak for full scale icebreaking trials, winter 1979-1980|year=1983|title=The Seventh International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC'83)|volume=4|publisher=Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)|contribution-url=http://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC83_V4_all.pdf|pages=725–758}}</ref><ref name="poac1983_3">{{Citation|last1=Ghoneim|first1=G. A. M|last2=Keinonen|first2=A. J.|contribution=Full-scale impact tests of Canmar Kigoriak in thick ice|year=1983|title=The Seventh International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC'83)|volume=3|publisher=Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT)|contribution-url=http://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC83_V3_all.pdf|pages=329–346}}</ref> The tests, which began with the main voyage through the [[Northwest Passage]] and continued both during and outside of the drilling operations, demonstrated that ''Canmar Kigoriak'' was able to operate safely in ice conditions far beyond what was specified for her [[ice class]]. Despite ingesting two foreign objects (a [[buoy|mooring buoy]] and a steel [[I-beam]]) during the early years, the single-screw vessel could continue independent operations at moderate power levels without immediate repairs.<ref name="poac1983" />
The lack of a protective coating was a serious mistake in the cold, oxygen rich, seawater and, despite the anodes, the vessel suffered from major corrosion and serious weld erosion. The vessel was placed in a floating dock in the Beaufort sea. Plates were replaced and welds were replenished and the entire underwater area was fresh water washed, blast cleaned and coated with about 700 microns of an ice resistant coating (Inerta 160) which had been developed in Finland. This coating basically preserved the vessel and improved the ice breaking capability.{{citation needed|reason=I have seen reference for this somewhere in my papers - will look and add citation|date=May 2019}}
Following ''Canmar Kigoriak''{{'}}s arrival to the Beaufort Sea in late 1979, the Canmar drillships drilled a total of 25 wells for Dome Petroleum and other oil companies in the Canadian part of the Beaufort Sea.<ref name="callow_2012">Callow, L. (2012): [http://www.beaufortrea.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Beaufort-Sea-OG-activity-forecast-2012-2017.pdf Oil and Gas Exploration & Development Activity Forecast, Canadian Beaufort Sea 2012 – 2027]. LTLC Consulting in association with Salmo Consulting Inc. April 2012.</ref> In addition, four more wells were drilled by the drillships in the Alaskan waters in 1985–1991. Other wells were drilled from artificial drilling islands as well as novel drilling systems such as ''[[Kulluk]]'' and the [[single steel drilling caisson]].<ref>[https://www.boem.gov/Exploration-Wells-Beaufort-Sea/ Beufort Sea Exploration Wells]. BOEM. {{retrieved|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref> While a number of oil and gas discoveries were made, none of the findings were sufficient to warrant commercial production. Following the falling oil prices in the 1980s and the [[Exxon Valdez oil spill|''Exxon Valdez'' oil spill]] in 1989, [[hydrocarbon exploration]] in the Beaufort Sea and the MacKenzie Delta gradually ended.<ref>[http://www.beaufortrea.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/NCR-5358624-v4-BREA_-_FINAL_UPDATE_-_EXPLORATION_AND_ACTIVITY_FORECAST-__MAY_2013.pdf Oil and Gas Exploration & Development Activity Forecast, Canadian Beaufort Sea 2013-2028]. Lin Callow, LTLC Consulting, March 2013. {{retrieved|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref> In 1994, ''Canmar Kigoriak'' took part in disbanding Canmar's Arctic drilling fleet: after towing the laid-up drillship ''[[Canmar Explorer]]'' out of long-term storage in [[McKinley Bay]] and handing her over to a Russian tug bound for scrapyard in the Far East, she returned to collect the 30,000-ton floating dock ''[[Canmar Careen]]'' that was relocated to [[British Columbia]] to be stored until sold.<ref>[http://www.marcon.com/library/sales_reports/1994Sales.pdf 1994 Sales and Charters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316182017/http://marcon.com/library/sales_reports/1994Sales.pdf |date=2015-03-16 }}. Marcon International Inc. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref><ref name="marinelink">[https://www.marinelink.com/article/offshore-oil/international-vessels-canadian-hornbeck-273 Marcon International Sells Vessels For Canadian Marine, Hornbeck]. MarineLink. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>
The experience gained from ''Canmar Kigoriak'' and Canmar's subsequent icebreakers was used in the design of the 1988-built Swedish icebreaker [[Oden (1988 icebreaker)|''Oden'']] which incorporates some design aspects of the Canadian icebreakers' hull form, propulsion and auxiliary systems used to reduce ice resistance.<ref>[http://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeReporter/198808/content/icebreaker-construction-gotaverken-201225 New Powerful Icebreaker Under Construction At Gotaverken Arendal]. Maritime Reporter, August 1988. {{retrieved|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Johansson|first1=B.|last2=Liljeström|first2=G.|title=Oden - Icebreaker Technology for the Year 2000|journal=SNAME Transactions|volume=97|pages=53–83|year=1989|url=http://www.sname.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=3cfb6090-0525-4b32-9e30-d026e759d02c}}</ref>
=== ''Kigoria'' (1997–2003) ===
In 1997, Amoco sold Canmar's remaining assets, including ''Canmar Kigoriak'', to an international consortium of shipping companies.<ref>[http://www.24hgold.com/english/contributor.aspx?article=1966854554G10020&contributor=Peter+McKenzie-Brown The Richness of Discovery]. Peter McKenzie-Brown, 12 August 2006. {{retrieved|access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>Barker, A. and Timco, G. (2012): [http://www.beaufortrea.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Overwintering-of-Barges-in-the-Beaufort-August-20121.pdf Overwintering of Barges in the Beaufort - Assessing Ice Issues and Damage Potential]. Technical Report OCRE-TR-2012-008. {{retrieved|access-date=2015-11-04}}</ref> After reflagging the vessel to Liberia and shortening her name to ''Kigoria'', the full commercial and operational management was entrusted to International Transport Contractors (ITC), a subsidiary of the Norwegian-based [[Tschudi Group]]. Initially, she was chartered to support laying [[submarine communications cable]]s such as [[Alaska United]] linking the [[State of Alaska]] to the [[Contiguous United States]].<ref name="newswaves_2">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1921 ITC NewsWaves Issue 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027042306/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1921 |date=2017-10-27 }}, October 1998. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref name="newswaves_3">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1923 ITC NewsWaves Issue 3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027042528/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1923 |date=2017-10-27 }}, May 1999. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref name="newswaves_4">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1924 ITC NewsWaves Issue 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027042549/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1924 |date=2017-10-27 }}, November 1999. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In 2000, ''Kigoria'' was also used to remove and dispose of a section of the first [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] laid by the [[SS Great Eastern|SS ''Great Eastern'']] in 1866.<ref name="newswaves_6">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1925 ITC NewsWaves Issue 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810174337/http://tschudioffshore.com/download/1925 |date=2016-08-10 }}, May 2001. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref>
Despite being originally built as an icebreaker, ''Kigoria'' was often used in [[marine salvage]] operations where her large cargo deck and powerful crane were found useful.<ref name="newswaves_7" /> In August 1999, she was dispatched to search for a [[general cargo ship]] [[MV Lady Belle|''Lady Belle'']] which had been abandoned in mid-Pacific following an engine room fire, but the stricken freighter was never found and the search was called off.<ref name="newswaves_4" /> In a more successful salvage operation in 2000, ''Kigoria'' refloated the 35,000-ton [[bulk carrier]] [[MV Bovec|''Bovec'']] at Tuck Inlet near [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia]]. The ship had been awaiting for berthing in ballast when she began dragging anchors in a storm and drifted around. At low tide, her hull was subjected to excessive longitudinal stresses as the aft section with engine room, propeller and rudder was hanging unsupported in mid-air, completely out of the water, and there was a serious danger that the vessel would break in two during the upcoming spring tide. While ''Bovec'' was later declared [[constructive total loss]] and [[shipbreaking|sold for scrap]], the salvage operation was successful: with nearly 200 tons of pulling force, ''Kigoria'' managed to drag the bulk carrier off the rocks.<ref>[https://www.livingoceans.org/sites/default/files/LOS_marine_vessels_report.pdf Major Marine Vessel Casualty Risk and Response Preparedness in British Columbia]. EnviroEmera Consulting Services, July 2008. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref><ref name="newswaves_5">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1926 ITC NewsWaves Issue 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027042640/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1926 |date=2017-10-27 }}, July 2000. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref> Another successful salvage operation involving a 25,250-ton Panamian-flagged tanker ''Shauandar'' was completed off the Cuban coast few years later.<ref name="newswaves_7">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1929 ITC NewsWaves Issue 7] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115140334/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1929 |date=2017-11-15 }}, April 2002. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In January 2003, ''Kigoria'' was dispatched from Bermuda to salvage the Finnish-flagged ro-ro vessel [[MV Camilla Desgagnés|''Camilla'']] that had been abandoned {{convert|240|nmi}} off [[Newfoundland]] due to engine troubles. Despite heavy weather, ''Kigoria'' managed to take the stricken vessel into tow and bring safely to [[Conception Bay]].<ref>[https://turvallisuustutkinta.fi/material/attachments/otkes/tutkintaselostukset/en/vesiliikenneonnettomuuksientutkinta/2003/b12003m_tutkintaselostus/b12003m_tutkintaselostus.pdf Ms CAMILLA, vaaratilanne ja aluksen evakuointi Pohjois-Atlantilla 23.1.2003]. Tutkintaselostus B 1/2003 M. Onnettomuustutkintakeskus. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref name="newswaves_8">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1927 ITC NewsWaves Issue 8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810125421/http://tschudioffshore.com/download/1927 |date=2016-08-10 }}, May 2003. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>
''Kigoria'' was also regularly employed for long and challenging ocean towages either alone or in co-operation with other tugs. In late 2000, she towed the [[jackup rig]] ''[[Rowan Gorilla III]]'' from [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] south along the Atlantic coastline. While the contract stipulated that ''Kigoria'' was to utilize only one of her two main engines at a time, the second engine was started after four days when the three-vessel convoy encountered up to {{convert|10|m|ft|adj=on}} swells and [[Beaufort scale|force-10]] south-easterly winds, and the jackup rig with {{convert|150|m|ft|adj=on}} legs arrived safely in [[Sabine Pass, Port Arthur, Texas]] just before Christmas. Next year, ''Kigoria'' participated in towing the {{convert|167|by|59|m|ft|adj=on}} submersible laybarge ''[[LB 200]]'' from [[North Sea]] to the [[Caribbean]] across the [[Atlantic]] with another tug.<ref name="newswaves_6" /> On the return leg, she towed a 61,500-ton tanker ''[[MT Berthea|Berthea]]'' from [[Houston, Texas]] to [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]], for engine repairs in 31 days on her own and without utilizing more than 70{{nbsp}}% of her engine power. Shortly afterwards, she did another westbound trans-Atlantic crossing with an average speed of {{convert|5.5|kn}}, towing the {{convert|121|by|74|m|ft|adj=on}} accommodation platform ''[[Safe Britannia]]'', and returned with the [[semi-submersible platform|semi-submersible drilling rig]] ''[[Ocean Whittington]]'' that was towed from Brazil to the Namibian coast. After having remained in the West African offshore fields for some time,<ref name="newswaves_7" /> the heavy icebreaker was contracted for yet another transatlantic tow when the {{convert|108|by|76|m|ft|adj=on}} semi-submersible accommodation platform ''[[Polyconcord]]'' was relocated from [[Madeira]] to the [[Cantarell Field]] off Mexico.<ref name="newswaves_8" />
In 2002, ''Kigoria'' finally returned to the Arctic when she was chartered to tow the [[single steel drilling caisson]] (''SSDC'') in co-operation with another icebreaker, [[Vladimir Ignatyuk (icebreaker)|''Arctic Kalvik'']]. The 125,000-ton Arctic drilling unit, which consists of the forward two thirds of the hull of a [[very large crude carrier]] mated with a {{convert|218|by|110|m|ft|0}} submersible barge, would be used to drill an exploratory well for [[Encana|Encana Oil & Gas]] at the McCovey prospect. The {{convert|600|nmi|adj=on}} tow from [[Port Clarence, Alaska]] to [[Prudhoe Bay]] was completed in just 12 days.<ref>[https://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/tugs,-towing-and-salvage/an_arctic_tow_by_itc An Arctic Tow by ITC]. Maritime Journal, 1 January 2003. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> In the following summer, ''Kigoria'' returned to the Beaufort Sea to tow the ''SSDC'' to a storage location near [[Herschel Island]]. This month-long round trip via the [[Northwest Passage]] marked the end of ITC's five-year management of the vessel: shortly afterwards, ''Kigoria'' was sold to Russia.<ref name="newswaves_9">[http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1928 ITC NewsWaves Issue 9] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027042431/http://www.tschudioffshore.com/download/1928 |date=2017-10-27 }}, 2005. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>
=== ''Talagy'' (2003–2010) and ''Kigoriak'' (2010–present) ===
[[File:Kigoriak, Gdynia.jpg|thumb|240px|''Kigoriak'' in [[Gdynia]], Poland, in 2018.]]
In late 2003, ''Kigoria'' was acquired by a joint venture between the Russian [[FEMCO Group]] and the Netherlands-based [[Smit International|Smit Terminals]] and reflagged to Russia. Following a refit in Gdansk, Poland, the icebreaker was chartered to provide icebreaking and escort services to tankers calling [[Rosneft]]'s oil terminal near [[Arkhangelsk]]. She was renamed ''Talagy'' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Талаги'') after a village in the Arkhangelsk region where the terminal is located.<ref>[http://www.marcon.com/library/market_reports/2003/supply_boat/SU10-03.pdf Supply & Tug Supply Boat Market Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015154925/http://www.marcon.com/library/market_reports/2003/supply_boat/SU10-03.pdf |date=2006-10-15 }}. Marcon International, Inc. October 2003. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dikson21.narod.ru/dikson-new.htm|title=Еще один ледокол на севере|author1=Irina Katorina|author2=Lada Goltvina|date=2003-12-08|publisher=ИА "Двина-Информ"|access-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121225170552/http://dikson21.narod.ru/dikson-new.htm|archive-date=2012-12-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, few years later she was moved to the Sakhalin region to support [[ExxonMobil]]'s [[Sakhalin-I]] project.<ref>[https://www.smit.com/uploads/media/TUG_Magazine_June_2006.pdf TUG Magazine June 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413202605/http://www.smit.com/uploads/media/TUG_Magazine_June_2006.pdf |date=2016-04-13 }}. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>[https://www.smit.com/uploads/media/TUG_Magazine_October_2005.pdf TUG Magazine October 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413211630/http://www.smit.com/uploads/media/TUG_Magazine_October_2005.pdf |date=2016-04-13 }}. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> While in the Far East, ''Talagy'' was chartered by [[ION Geophysical]] to support seismic surveys in the [[Chukchi Sea]] and Beaufort Sea regions in 2010.<ref>[https://www.boem.gov/About-BOEM/BOEM-Regions/Alaska-Region/Resource-Evaluation/Permits/x10_03/2010_0805_ION_noticeEA.aspx Notice of Preparation of an Environmental Assessment for a 2010 Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Permit to Conduct an Exploration Seismic Survey in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas Outer Continental Shelf]. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>Pelletier, J.-F. and Guy, E. (2012): [http://afitl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/tl_files/documents/CST/N61/Pelletier61.pdf Évaluation des Activitiés de Transport Maritime en Arctique Canadien]. les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport, No 61/2012, Pages 12-13.</ref> Later that year, the vessel was given back part of her original name, ''Kigoriak'' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''Кигориак'').
In 2011, ''Kigoriak'' participated in towing the 117,000-ton, {{convert|126|by|126|m|ft|adj=on}} ice-resistant offshore platform for the [[Prirazlomnoye field]] from [[Murmansk]] to the [[Pechora Sea]].<ref name="priratow">[http://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2011/august/article117539/ Towing of the Prirazlomnoya platform to field started] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005659/http://www.gazprom.com/press/news/2011/august/article117539/ |date=2018-11-22 }}. Press release. Gazprom, 18 August 2011. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref>
In 2018, ''Kigoriak'' operated in the [[Baltic Sea]] to support the laying of the [[Nord Stream 2]] [[natural gas]] [[pipeline transport|pipeline]].<ref>[http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=2929492 Kigoriak & Fortuna - IMO 7824261]. Shipspotting.com. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref> In 2019, she participated in Gazprom's drilling operations in the Kara Sea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portnews.ru/news/279938/|title="Газпром геологоразведка" начала мобилизацию буровых платформ из порта Мурманск в Карское море|language=ru|publisher=PortNews|date=10 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/industry-and-energy/2019/07/norwegian-ships-accompany-chinese-rig-russian-arctic-drill-site|title=Norwegian ships accompany Chinese rig to Russian Arctic drill site|publisher=The Independent Barents Observer|date=16 July 2019|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>
In late 2020, ''Kigoriak'' was chartered to escort an ice-strengthened cargo ship, ''Sparta III'', to [[Dudinka]]. On the return leg, the vessels became beset in ice near [[Mys Sopochnaya Karga]] in the [[Yenisey]] river estuary. As a result, ''Sparta III''{{'}}s operator [[Oboronlogistics]] was forced to ask [[FSUE Atomflot]] to divert one of the [[nuclear-powered icebreaker]]s operating in the [[Gulf of Ob]] to free the vessels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/306699/|title=Безопасности экипажа и судна "Спарта III" ничего не угрожает - Оборонлогистика|language=ru|publisher=PortNews|date=23 December 2020|access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
FEMCO sold ''Kigoriak'' for scrap in January 2022. The shipbreaker reportedly paid a premium price, $745 per light displacement ton, due to the quality of equipment on board.<ref name="tradewinds_scrap" />
== Design ==
''Kigoriak'' was {{convert|90.7|m|ft|0}} [[length overall|long overall]] and {{convert|78.9|m|ft|0}} [[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]]. Her hull had a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|17.25|m|ft}} amidships and {{convert|19.25|m|ft}} over the reamers. She had a maximum draught of {{convert|8.5|m|ft|0}} and [[moulded depth]] of {{convert|10|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="poac1983" />
The simplified hull geometry pioneered by the Canadians consisted mainly of flat plates and hard chines. ''Kigoriak''{{'}}s [[Spoon-shaped bow|spoon-shaped icebreaking bow]] had a flat [[stem (ship)|stem]] and sharp shoulders followed by the channel-widening reamers at the waterline and a heavy forefoot followed by a full-length box keel. Abaft, she had a simple barge-type hull with a single chine and vertical sides ending to an undercut stern. Compared to traditional icebreakers with rounded bilges, the simplified hull geometry also helped to dampen [[ship motions|rolling]] in open seas. Internally, the hull was divided into seven watertight compartments, two of which could flood without sinking or capsizing the vessel, and all fuel tanks were protected by double sides to prevent spills in the event of hull damage.<ref name="marineweek" /><ref name="poac1983" /><ref name="northerndevelopment" /><ref name="motorship" /> At the time of delivery, ''Kigoriak'' was the first icebreaking vessel built to meet the requirements of the Canadian Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Rules (CASPPR).<ref name="motorship">[https://trid.trb.org/view/423497 A Pioneering Icebreaker/Tug for Arctic Development (Canmar Kigoriak)]. Motor Ship, 60 (1980)</ref> Rated [[Ice class|Arctic Class 3]], she was designed to maintain forward motion through {{convert|3|ft|m|0|spell=in|abbr=off}} of ice. However, her bow was strengthened above [[Ice class|Arctic Class 4]] requirements and she also had sufficient propulsion power to meet the higher requirements.<ref name="northerndevelopment" /><ref name="polarrecord">{{Citation|title=Canmar Kigoriak - An Icebreaking Anchor Handling Boat|journal=Polar Record|volume=20|issue=128|year=1981|pages=454–455|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/s0032247400003703|bibcode=1981PoRec..20R.454. |s2cid=251057749 }}</ref>
''Kigoriak'' had a diesel-mechanical propulsion system with two medium-speed [[diesel engine]]s driving a single {{convert|4.3|m|ft|0|adj=on}} four-bladed [[ducted propeller|ducted]] [[controllable pitch propeller]]. The [[V12 engine|twelve-cylinder]] [[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer]] 12ZV40/48 main engines were rated at {{convert|8700|hp|kW|-2|abbr=on}} each and geared to the propeller shaft using [[clutch|wet clutches]] that allowed slipping at torque peaks to protect the drivetrain from damage. The main engines could also be used to power the hull lubrication system: when the vessel was moving at a speed of {{convert|2|kn|spell=in}}, the system's two pumps created a {{convert|15|cm|in|0|adj=on}} water cover on the ice over the full beam of the vessel.<ref name="marineweek" /><ref name="northerndevelopment" /> For maneuvering, the vessel had two {{convert|1180|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[bow thruster|transverse tunnel thrusters]]: one in the bow and another in the stern.<ref name="kigoriak_factsheet">[http://www.femco.ru/uploads/fleet/kigoriak/AHTS_KIGORIAK.pdf Technical Specification "Kigoriak"]. FEMCO. {{retrieved|access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[History of the petroleum industry in Canada (frontier exploration and development)]]
== References ==
{{commons category|IMO 7824261|''Kigoriak''}}
{{reflist}}
{{Icebreakers of Canada}}
[[Category:Icebreakers of Canada]]
[[Category:Icebreakers of Russia]]
[[Category:1979 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Saint John, New Brunswick]]
[[Category:History of the petroleum industry in Canada]]
[[Category:Petroleum industry in New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Petroleum industry in Atlantic Canada]]