View source for Killing of Michael Brown

{{Short description|2014 fatal police shooting of a black man in Ferguson, Missouri, US}}
{{Redirect|Michael Brown Jr.|other people with the name|Michael Brown (disambiguation)}}
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{{Infobox event
| title = Killing of Michael Brown
| image =
| image_name = St. Louis County Missouri Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Ferguson Highlighted.svg
| caption = Location of [[Ferguson, Missouri]], within [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County]], and St. Louis County within eastern Missouri
| type = [[Homicide]], [[police shooting]]
| date = {{Start date and age|2014|8|9}}
| time = {{nowrap|12:01–12:03 p.m. ([[Central time zone|CDT]])}}
| place = [[Ferguson, Missouri]], U.S.
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q17501769|type:event_region:US-MO|display=inline,title}}<ref name=NYTimes.Documents/>
| also known as =
| cause =
| first reporter =
| filmed by =
| participants =
* Darren Wilson (shooter)
* Michael Brown (deceased)
* Dorian Johnson (accompanied Brown)
| outcome =
| reported injuries = Darren Wilson
| reported death(s) = Michael Brown
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| suspects =
| charges = None
| verdict =
| convictions =
| publication bans =
| litigation = [[Wrongful death]] lawsuit settled for undisclosed amount
| awards =
| website =
}}
On August 9, 2014, 18-year-old '''Michael Brown''' was shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in [[Ferguson, Missouri]], a suburb of [[St. Louis]].{{sfn |USDOJ |2015 | p=6}}
Brown was accompanied by his 22-year-old male friend Dorian Johnson.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 |title=Michael Brown Robbed Convenience Store, Stole Cigarillos Before Darren Wilson Shooting, Dorian Johnson Says |date=November 25, 2014 |work=International Business Times |access-date=October 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161139/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Wilson, a white male Ferguson police officer, said that an altercation ensued when Brown attacked him in his police vehicle for control of Wilson's service pistol. The struggle continued until the pistol fired.{{sfn | USDOJ | 2015 | loc=pp. 80–81, §1. Shooting at the SUV}} Johnson said that Wilson initiated a confrontation by grabbing Brown by the neck through Wilson's patrol car window, threatening him and then shooting at him.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Eliott |title=Despite discrepancies, Dorian Johnson consistent in accounts of Brown shooting |url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-dorian-johnson-statements/index.html |access-date=February 27, 2019 |publisher=CNN |date=December 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227182234/https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-dorian-johnson-statements/index.html |archive-date=February 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> At this point, both Wilson and Johnson state that Brown and Johnson fled, with Wilson pursuing Brown shortly thereafter. Wilson stated that Brown stopped and charged him after a short pursuit. Johnson contradicted this account, stating that Brown turned around with his hands raised after Wilson shot at his back. According to Johnson, Wilson then shot Brown multiple times until Brown fell to the ground. In the entire altercation, Wilson fired a total of twelve bullets, including twice during the struggle in the car.<ref name=CNN.Told /> Brown was struck six times, all in the front of his body.<ref name=ABC.Survived/><ref name=NYPost.Shot/><ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/>
This event ignited [[Ferguson unrest|unrest in Ferguson]]. Witnesses to the shooting claimed Brown had his hands up in surrender or said "don't shoot", so protesters later used the slogan "[[Hands up, don't shoot]]".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Whether History Or Hype, 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Endures |language=en |work=NPR.org |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/08/08/430411141/whether-history-or-hype-hands-up-dont-shoot-endures |access-date=August 20, 2022 |archive-date=August 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820042408/https://www.npr.org/2015/08/08/430411141/whether-history-or-hype-hands-up-dont-shoot-endures |url-status=live }}</ref> A subsequent FBI investigation said that there was no evidence that Brown had done so.<ref>{{cite news |last1=German Lopez |title=Elizabeth Warren and Kamala Harris's controversial Michael Brown tweets, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/12/20801975/elizabeth-warren-kamala-harris-michael-brown-ferguson-tweets |access-date=August 13, 2019 |date=August 12, 2019 |quote=the Justice Department's 2015 report contradicted many of the protesters' claims, finding that Wilson likely did have reason to fear for his life and didn't violate the law in shooting Brown |archive-date=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005213238/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/8/12/20801975/elizabeth-warren-kamala-harris-michael-brown-ferguson-tweets |url-status=live }}</ref> Peaceful protests and violent riots continued for more than a week in Ferguson; police later established a nightly curfew.<!--ref name=Economist.Police/><ref name=BBC.Nixon/-->
The response of area police agencies in dealing with the protests was strongly criticized by both the media and politicians. Concerns were raised over insensitivity, tactics, and a [[police militarization|militarized response]].<!--ref name=Guardian.Points/><ref name=IJR.Nixon/><ref name=USAToday.Military/><ref name=WashPost.Military/-->
A [[grand jury]] was called and given evidence from [[Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)|Robert McCulloch]], the St. Louis County Prosecutor. On {{nowrap|November 24}}, 2014, McCulloch announced the [[St. Louis County, Missouri|St. Louis County]] grand jury had decided not to indict Wilson.<ref name=Fox.Gunshots /> In March 2015, the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] reported the conclusion of its own investigation and cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. It claimed that Wilson's account was "corroborated by bruising on Wilson's jaw and scratches on his neck, the presence of Brown's DNA on Wilson's collar, shirt and pants, and Wilson's DNA on Brown's palm", and claimed that witnesses who corroborated the officer's account were credible.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/><ref name=Yahoo.Feds/> The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Wilson shot Brown in self-defense.<ref name=LATimes.Federal/>{{sfn |USDOJ |2015 | pp=80–82}}
In 2020, St. Louis County prosecutor [[Wesley Bell]] spent five months reviewing the case with an eye to charge Wilson with either manslaughter or murder. In July, Bell announced Wilson would not be charged.<ref name="No_Charge">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/30/us/michael-brown-darren-wilson-ferguson.html |title=No Charges for Ferguson Officer Who Killed Michael Brown, New Prosecutor Says |date=July 30, 2020 |work=The New York Times |author=Eligon, John |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801034725/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/30/us/michael-brown-darren-wilson-ferguson.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Background ==
{{Infobox people
| name               = Michael Brown
| image              = Michael Brown Jr.jpg
| alt                = Brown in a photo posted to Facebook in May 2013
| birth_name         = Michael Orlandus Darrion Brown
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1996|05|20}}
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2014|08|09|1996|05|20}}
| resting_place      = Saint Peter's Cemetery
| education          = [[Normandy High School (Missouri)|Normandy High School]]
}}
'''Michael Orlandus Darrion Brown'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=McSpadden |first=Lezley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_naCgAAQBAJ&q=junior |title=Tell the Truth & Shame the Devil: The Life, Legacy, and Love of My Son Michael Brown |date=May 10, 2016 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-942872-93-1 |language=en }}</ref> (May 20, 1996<ref name=CNN.Symphony/> – August 9, 2014) graduated from [[Normandy High School (Missouri)|Normandy High School]] in {{nowrap|St. Louis County}} eight days before his death, completing an [[alternative education]] program.<ref name=WashPost.Diploma/> At the time of his death, he was 18 years old, {{convert|6|ft|4|in|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} tall, and weighed {{convert|292|lb|kg|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> He was an amateur rap musician who posted his songs on the popular music-sharing site [[SoundCloud]] under the handle "Big'Mike."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://graphics.latimes.com/towergraphic-michael-browns-raps/ |title=Michael Brown's raps: Money, sex, drugs — and a vulnerable side |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=January 26, 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820061953/http://graphics.latimes.com/towergraphic-michael-browns-raps/ |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live}}
</ref> He was two days from starting a training program for heating and air conditioning repair at [[Vatterott College]] technical school.<ref>"Michael Brown remembered as a 'gentle giant'" by Elisa Crouch, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 11, 2014</ref>
[[File:DARREN WILSON - THREE PANEL.jpg|thumb|Officer Darren Wilson]]
'''Darren Dean Wilson'''<ref name=WashPost.Disbanded/> (born {{nowrap|May 14}}, 1986, in [[Fort Worth, Texas]])<ref name=StarTelegram.Dropped/> is {{cvt|6|ft|4|in|m}} tall and at the time weighed about {{cvt|210|lb|kg}}.<ref name=Bloomberg.HulkHogan/><ref name=wapo>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |title=Darren Wilson's first job was on a troubled police force disbanded by authorities |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2015 |author=Leonnig, Carol D. |author-link=Carol D. Leonnig |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811100632/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Wilson's first police job was in the town of [[Jennings, Missouri]], where he began working in 2009.<ref name="wapo" /><ref name="newyorker" /> With respect to this job, Wilson said to ''[[The New Yorker]]'' in 2015, "I'd never been in an area where there was that much poverty."<ref name="newyorker">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop |date=August 10, 2015 |title=The Cop |author=Halpern, Jake |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808173138/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop |archive-date=August 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The police force in Jennings was shut down by the town's city council in March 2011.<ref name="wapo" /> In October 2011, Wilson began working for the Ferguson Police Department.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/us/darren-wilsons-unremarkable-past-offers-few-clues-into-ferguson-shooting.html |title=Darren Wilson Was Low-Profile Officer With Unsettled Early Days |work=The New York Times |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2015 |author=Davey, Monica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906101136/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/us/darren-wilsons-unremarkable-past-offers-few-clues-into-ferguson-shooting.html |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In February 2013, Wilson won a commendation from the Ferguson Police Department after he apprehended a suspect who was later charged with possession of [[marijuana]] with intent to distribute and resisting arrest.<ref name="nytimes" />
=== Brown's activities prior to the incident ===
Surveillance video which was publicly released in the 2017 documentary film ''Stranger Fruit'' shows Michael Brown walking into Ferguson Market and Liquor at 1:13&nbsp;a.m., ten-and-a-half hours before he entered the store for the final time. The footage shows Brown handing a young clerk a brown package, believed by the filmmaker to be marijuana, and then receiving an unpurchased package of [[cigarillo]]s from the store. After the video was rediscovered and made public in 2017, some, including Brown's family, said they believed Brown had left the package there for safekeeping and later returned to retrieve it. The store owner disputed this through an attorney who dismissed claims that the store traded him "cigarillos for pot." The lawyer claimed "[t]he reason he [Brown] gave it back is he was walking out the door with unpaid merchandise and they [the staff] wanted it back."<ref name=NYTimes.Wrinkle/> The store's attorney said the video had been in the hands of Brown's family and law enforcement since the initial investigation, and said the video had been edited to remove the portion where the store clerk returned Brown's package to him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-market-disputes-claims-as-new-michael-brown-documentary-prompts/article_fc382406-dbd5-5f53-aeda-4de3f2d5d31e.html |title=Ferguson Market disputes claims as new Michael Brown documentary prompts new protest |work=stltoday.com |date=March 13, 2017 |access-date=March 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313144849/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-market-disputes-claims-as-new-michael-brown-documentary-prompts/article_fc382406-dbd5-5f53-aeda-4de3f2d5d31e.html |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following this, on March 13, 2017, unedited footage from the store was released by the St. Louis County prosecutor to try to settle questions.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-video-about-death-of-michael-brown-rekindles-unrest-arrests/article_d484096d-dbe1-5818-b2c7-4a7c21fad2f3.html |title=Ferguson video about death of Michael Brown rekindles unrest, arrests |last2=Currier |first1=Christine |last1=Byers |first2=Joel |work=stltoday.com |date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=June 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061156/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-video-about-death-of-michael-brown-rekindles-unrest-arrests/article_d484096d-dbe1-5818-b2c7-4a7c21fad2f3.html |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Incident ==
At {{nowrap|11:47 a.m.}}, Officer Wilson responded to a call about a baby with breathing problems and drove to Glenark Drive in Ferguson, east of Canfield Drive.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> About three minutes later and several blocks away, Brown was recorded on camera stealing a box of [[Swisher Sweets]] cigars and forcefully shoving a Ferguson Market clerk. At 11:53, a police dispatcher reported "stealing in progress" at the Ferguson Market and described the suspect as a black male wearing a white T-shirt running toward [[QuikTrip]]. The suspect was reported as having stolen a box of Swisher cigars.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> Brown and his friend, Dorian Johnson, left the market at about {{nowrap|11:54 a.m.}}<ref name=KWMU.Know/> At 11:57, the dispatch described the suspect as wearing a red [[St. Louis Cardinals]] hat, a white T-shirt, yellow socks, and khaki shorts, and that he was accompanied by another male.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson said that the incident with Brown stealing cigars had "nothing to do" with why Brown was stopped by Wilson prior to the shooting, and that the reason Brown and Johnson were stopped was because "they were walking down the middle of the street, blocking traffic."<ref>{{cite web |title=PoliticsNation, Friday, August 15th, 2014 |website=[[NBC News]] |date=August 18, 2014 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna55889127 |access-date=February 6, 2022 |archive-date=February 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206094106/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna55889127 |url-status=live }}</ref>
At {{nowrap|12:00 p.m.}}, Wilson reported he was back in service and radioed units 25 and 22 to ask if they needed his assistance in searching for the suspects.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> Seven seconds later, an unidentified officer said the suspects had disappeared.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> Wilson called for backup at 12:02, saying "[Unit] 21. Put me on Canfield with two. And send me another car."<ref name=STLToday.Radio/>
[[File:Michael Brown shooting scene.jpg|thumb|right|St. Louis County police protect the scene eight hours after the shooting]]
Initial reports of what happened next differed widely among sources and witnesses, particularly with regard to whether Brown was moving towards Wilson when the shots were fired. At noon on {{nowrap|August 9}}, Wilson drove up to Brown and Johnson as they were walking in the middle of Canfield Drive and ordered them to move off the street. Wilson continued driving past the two men, but then backed up and stopped close to them.<ref name=CBS.Suspect/><ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/><ref name=IBTimes.Johnson/><ref name=USAToday.Cigars/> A struggle took place between Brown and Wilson after Brown reached through the window of Wilson's police SUV, a [[Chevrolet Tahoe#Police package|Chevrolet Tahoe]].<ref name=NYTimes.Recount/> Wilson was armed with a [[SIG Sauer P229]]<ref name=WashPost.Chaos/> pistol, which was fired twice during the struggle from inside the vehicle, with one bullet hitting Brown's right hand.<ref name=NYTimes.Recount/><ref name=WashPost.Chaos/> Brown and Johnson fled and Johnson hid behind a car.<ref name=CNN.Shooting/> Wilson got out of the vehicle and pursued Brown.<ref name=NYTimes.Happened/> At some point, Wilson fired his pistol again, while facing Brown, and hit him with at least six shots, all in the front of his body.<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> Brown was unarmed and died on the street.<ref name=NYTimes.Recount/><ref name=CNN.Violence/> Less than 90 seconds passed from the time Wilson encountered Brown to the time of Brown's death.<ref name=Newsweek.90Seconds/><ref name=NYTimes.90Seconds/>
An unidentified officer arrived on the scene and, 73 seconds after Wilson's call, asked where the second suspect was. Thirty-one seconds later, a supervisor was requested by Unit 25. At {{nowrap|12:07 p.m.}}, an officer on scene radioed to dispatch for more units.<ref name=STLToday.Radio/> Also at 12:07, the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County police were notified and county officers began arriving on scene at around {{nowrap|12:15 p.m.}} The {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County detectives were notified at {{nowrap|12:43 p.m.}} and arrived about {{nowrap|1:30 p.m.}}, with the forensic investigator arriving at about {{nowrap|2:30 p.m.}}<ref name=NYTimes.Body/>
Police dispatched 12 units to the scene by {{nowrap|1:00 p.m.}} with another 12, including two canine units, by {{nowrap|2:00 p.m.}} Gunshots were recorded in Ferguson police logs at {{nowrap|2:11 p.m.}}, and by the ambulance dispatch again at {{nowrap|2:14 p.m.}}, which led to the response of 20 more units from eight different municipal forces in the next 20 minutes. As the situation deteriorated, the police commanders had investigators seek cover and detectives assisted in crowd control. At {{nowrap|2:45}}, four canine units arrived on scene, and the [[SWAT]] team arrived at {{nowrap|3:20 p.m.}}<ref name=STLToday.LeftThere/> The medical examiner began his examination of Brown at approximately {{nowrap|3:30 p.m.}} and concluded about half an hour later, with Brown's body being cleared to be taken to the morgue.<ref name=STLToday.LeftThere/><ref name=Newsweek.Scene/> At {{nowrap|4:37 p.m.}}, Brown's body was signed in at the morgue by workers.<ref name=STLToday.LeftThere/>
== Investigations ==
=== Police ===
Michael Brown was fatally shot by Officer Wilson at about 12:02&nbsp;p.m. The Ferguson Police Department was on the scene within minutes, as were crowds of residents, some expressing hostility toward the police. Paramedics covered the body with sheets. About {{nowrap|20 minutes}} after the shooting, the Ferguson police chief turned over the homicide investigation to the St. Louis County Police Department (SLCPD). The arrival of SLCPD detectives took about {{nowrap|70 minutes}}, as they were occupied with another crime scene {{nowrap|37 minutes}} away. On arrival at 1:30&nbsp;p.m., they put up privacy screens around the body. Their investigation was slowed due to safety concerns regarding the sound of gunfire in the area and some hostile members of the crowd encroaching on the crime scene. An investigator from the St. Louis County Medical Examiner's office arrived at 2:30&nbsp;p.m. Brown's body was removed at 4:00&nbsp;p.m.<ref>{{harvnb |USDOJ |2015 | pages=8–9}}, Section B. Initial Law Enforcement Investigation</ref> Local residents criticized authorities for leaving Brown's body in the street for four hours in an action seen as demeaning and disrespectful.<ref name=STLToday.LeftThere />
===Department of Justice===
On {{nowrap|August 11}}, 2014, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) opened a civil rights investigation into the incident.<ref name=WashPost.FBI/> A spokeswoman for the FBI's St. Louis field office said the decision to open an investigation was not motivated by the protests and riots which had ensued.<ref name=NBC.FBI/> Forty FBI agents went door-to-door looking for potential witnesses who may have had information about the shooting.<ref name="Fox.Curfew" /> Additionally, attorneys from the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Civil Rights Division]] and from the [[United States Attorney|United States Attorney's Office]] were participating in the investigation.<ref name="Vox.FBI" />
On {{nowrap|March 4}}, 2015, the federal investigation cleared Wilson of civil rights violations in the shooting. The investigation concluded there was no evidence upon which prosecutors could rely to disprove Wilson's asserted belief that he feared for his safety, that witnesses who contradicted Wilson were not credible, that forensic evidence and credible witnesses corroborated Wilson's account, and that the facts did not support the filing of criminal charges against Wilson.<ref name=Yahoo.Feds/><ref name=NYTimes.Cleared/>{{sfn |USDOJ |2015 | p=12}} Credible witnesses did not support accounts that Brown had his hands up in surrender. He was not shot in the back. Forensic evidence showed he was moving toward Wilson. Numerous witnesses were found to have given accounts of actions they were unable to see from their vantage points, or to be recounting others' accounts.<ref name=Yahoo.Feds/><ref name=NYTimes.Cleared/>{{sfn |USDOJ |2015 | p=12}}
=== 2020 prosecutor review ===
A new St. Louis County prosecutor, Wesley Bell, spent five months in 2020 reviewing the case with an eye to charging Wilson with either manslaughter or murder.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prosecutors again decline to charge police officer who shot Michael Brown six years ago |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-07-30/prosecutor-no-charges-for-officer-in-michael-browns-death |access-date=August 1, 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |date=July 30, 2020 |language=en |quote=Could we prove beyond a reasonable doubt that when Darren Wilson shot Michael Brown he committed murder or manslaughter under Missouri law? After an independent and in-depth review of the evidence, we cannot prove that he did," Bell said |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731145017/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-07-30/prosecutor-no-charges-for-officer-in-michael-browns-death |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dennis Romero |title=No charges for officer who shot Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, after follow-up probe |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/no-charges-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-after-n1235382 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |work=NBC News |date=July 31, 2020 |quote=the latest review of the case was kept secret, Bell said |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731024525/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/no-charges-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-ferguson-missouri-after-n1235382 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July, Bell announced he would not charge Wilson with any crime;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/30/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-darren-wilson-not-charged |title=Michael Brown shooting: Officer will not be charged, top prosecutor says |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=July 30, 2020 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731202340/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/30/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-darren-wilson-not-charged |url-status=live }}</ref> Bell said he didn't "have the evidence to ethically bring a charge against Darren Wilson."<ref>{{cite news |title=No Charges For Former Ferguson, Mo., Police Officer in Michael Brown's Death |url=https://text.npr.org/s.php?sId=897836660 |access-date=August 1, 2020 |work=National Public Radio |date=July 31, 2020 |language=en |quote=we don't have the evidence to ethically bring a charge against Darren Wilson }}</ref>
== Grand jury hearing ==
The [[Grand juries in the United States|grand jury]] was made up of members who had been impaneled in May 2014 for a regularly scheduled term, to hear all cases put forward by the prosecuting attorney's office. There were three black jury members (one man and two women) and nine white jury members (six men and three women), an ethnic breakdown that roughly reflects the [[Race (human classification)|racial]] makeup of {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County,<ref name=STLToday.Jury/> which is about 30% black, and 70% white.<ref name=CSM.Deliberations/> On {{nowrap|August 20}}, 2014, the grand jury started hearing evidence in the case ''State of Missouri v. Darren Wilson'', in order to decide whether a crime was committed and if there was probable cause to believe Wilson committed it.<ref name=LATimes.Grand/>
There was intense interest focused on the grand jury. [[Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)|Robert P. McCulloch]], the elected prosecuting attorney for {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County, was in charge of the prosecution but did not participate in the direct handling of the grand jury hearing.<ref name=STLAmerican.Struggle/><ref name=WashPost.Outcome/><ref name=NYer.HowNot/> It was handled by two Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys of McCulloch's office: Kathi Alizadeh and Sheila Whirley.<ref name=WashPost.Outcome/> McCulloch announced an unusual process: the grand jury would hear all the evidence, the proceedings would be transcribed, and the materials would be made public if the grand jury did not indict.<ref name=WashPost.Fair/>
The grand jury took 25 days, over the span of three months, to hear more than 5,000 pages of testimony from 60 witnesses and then deliberate on whether or not to indict Wilson.<ref name=WashPost.Fair/><ref name=USAToday.Charges/><!-- Ref bundle --> Most grand juries complete their work in a matter of days.<ref name=WashPost.Fair/> The grand jury was not [[Jury sequestration|sequestered]] during the process.<ref name=NPR.Examining/> <!--On {{nowrap|September 16}}, Wilson testified before the grand jury for more than four hours and, according to sources with knowledge of the investigation{{who|date=November 2014}}, Wilson was "cooperative". Wilson was not obligated to testify.<ref name=STLToday.Appears/> The transcript of Wilson's testimony from {{nowrap|September 16}} was released after the grand jury's decision was announced.<ref name=County.Transcript5/> On {{nowrap|November 17}}, Governor Nixon declared a state of emergency and activated the [[Missouri National Guard]] prior to the grand jury decision being announced.<ref name=CNN.Emergency/><ref name=KWMU.Wrangled/>-->
On the night of {{nowrap|November 24}}, Prosecutor McCulloch reported in a 20-minute press conference that the grand jury had reached a decision in the case and would not indict Wilson.<ref name=CNN.Fires/>
Following his announcement, McCulloch released thousands of pages of grand jury documents, with materials published on the internet for public perusal.<ref name=NPR.Testimony/> The documents include transcripts of the proceedings, expert statements, and the testimony of some witnesses.<ref name=SeattleTimes.Evidence/> On {{nowrap|December 8}}, more witness interviews and more than 50 brief audio recordings between the police dispatchers and responding police officers were released.<ref name=NYTimes.Audio/> On {{nowrap|December 13}}, a third release included the transcripts of witness interviews, including one with Dorian Johnson.<ref name=NYTimes.Files/> A video of the two-hour interview of Johnson by FBI and county police was withheld.<ref name=DFP.Withheld/><ref name=ABC.Federal/>
Robert P. McCulloch was the main focus of much of the criticism throughout the process and well into its aftermath. Attorney Raul Reyes characterized McCulloch as not being impartial, as his father was a police officer killed in an incident with a black suspect and other members of his family served with the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} Police Department.<ref name=CNN.Unfair/> A petition calling for McCulloch to recuse himself gained 70,000 signatures.<ref name=NBC.Petition/><ref name=STLToday.Controversy/><ref name=NYTimes.Objectivity/><ref name=STLToday.Petitions/> Governor Jay Nixon declined to remove McCulloch and said doing so would potentially jeopardize the prosecution.<ref name=STLToday.Remove/> McCulloch dismissed the claims of bias, and later said he regretted not speaking publicly about his background at the time.<ref name=WashPost.Outcome/><ref name=KTRS.McGraw/>
Legal analysts raised concerns over McCulloch's unorthodox approach, <!-- Explain normal process and role of prosecutor -->saying this process could have influenced the grand jury to decide against indictment and that they were given too much material to assess.<ref name=USAToday.Probe/><ref name=LATimes.Strategy/> The analysts highlighted the significant differences between a typical grand jury proceeding in Missouri and how Wilson's case was handled.<ref name=NYTimes.Happened/>
== Evidence ==
=== Shooting scene ===
Evidence presented to the grand jury showed that the shooting scene extended approximately {{Convert|184|ft}} along Canfield Drive, near where it intersects Copper Creek Court. The two-lane street runs east to west, and has sidewalks and curbs on both sides. Immediately prior to the incident, Brown was walking eastbound on Canfield and Officer Wilson was driving westbound. Evidence at the scene was generally clustered around Wilson's patrol SUV on the western side of the scene and near Brown's body, which was in the eastern part of the area.
{{wide image|Michael Brown shooting scene diagram.svg|1000px|Diagram of the shooting scene{{R|STLToday.Map|NYTimes.Documents|NYTimes.Happened|WashPost.Collected}}}}
The {{Convert|30|ft|adj=on}} western area included Wilson's SUV, which was angled slightly toward the right curb with its left-rear corner on the center line. Evidence included two bracelets,{{refn|group=note|name=bracelet|Although bracelets were found on the passenger and driver sides of Wilson's vehicle, the DOJ report noted that neither of the two bracelets found on the scene had its owner identified, and when they appeared on the road was never determined.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.17}}}} a baseball cap, and two [[.40 S&W|.40 caliber]] spent [[Cartridge (firearms)|casings]]. One of these casings was found at the western edge of the scene and the other was located near the rear driver's side of the police vehicle. There were two groups of red stains near the driver's side of the vehicle and a left [[flip-flops|sandal]] was also located in the vicinity. The right sandal was approximately {{Convert|44|ft}} east of the western area.
The eastern area, which was approximately {{Convert|124|ft}} east of the western area, was about {{Convert|29|ft}} wide. Brown's body was situated along the center-line of the road with his head oriented in a westerly direction. The distance from the driver's door of Wilson's SUV to Brown's head was about {{Convert|153|ft}}. Two groups of red stains were located at the extreme eastern edge of the scene, with the furthest under {{Convert|22|ft}} from Brown's feet.
One apparent projectile was found near the body. There were ten spent {{nowrap|.40-caliber}} casings scattered on the south side of the road near Brown's body. The distribution of the casings, combined with most of the casings being east of the body, was consistent with Officer Wilson moving backward while firing.<ref name=NYTimes.Documents/> Blood spatter approximately {{convert|25|ft}} behind Brown's body suggested Brown was moving toward Wilson when Brown was killed.<ref name=NYTimes.Happened/><ref name=NYTimes.Trusting/>
=== DNA ===
Brown's DNA was found on Wilson's gun. His DNA was also found on the left thigh of Officer Wilson's pants and on the inside driver's door handle of Wilson's police SUV,<ref name=WashPost.Chaos/> the result of Brown's spilled blood staining Wilson's pants and the door handle.<ref name=PPH.Tussle/> Wilson's DNA was found on Brown's left palm but was not found under Brown's fingernails or on his right hand.<ref name=WashPost.Chaos/>
Michael Graham, the St. Louis medical examiner, said blood was found on Wilson's gun and inside the car, and tissue from Brown was found on the exterior of the driver's side of Wilson's vehicle; this evidence was consistent with a struggle at that location. According to [[Judy Melinek]], a San Francisco pathologist who commented on the case as an expert, the official autopsy, which said Brown's hand had foreign matter consistent with a gun discharge on it, supported Wilson's testimony that Brown was reaching for the weapon,<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/> or indicated the gun was inches away from Brown's hand when it went off.<ref name=WashPost.Chaos/>
According to the detective who performed tests on the gun, he had to decide whether to perform a DNA test or dust for fingerprints, because only one test can be performed without affecting the other.<ref name=WashPost.Chaos/> He found the gun stored in an unsealed envelope, contrary to the customary evidence-handling protocol.<ref name=WSJ.Testimony/> Documents released after the grand jury proceedings show Wilson washed blood from his hands and checked his own gun into an evidence bag, both actions described by media outlets as unorthodox procedures for such a case.<ref name=STLToday.Tidbits/><ref name=WashPost.Unorthodox/>
===Autopsies===
Three autopsies{{refn|group=note|
County autopsy report:
::{{cite web |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1371273-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html |title=Post-Mortem Examination – Exam Case 2104–5143 – Brown, Michael |publisher=St. Louis County Health, Office of the Medical Examiner |via=DocumentCloud contribution by Eyder Peralta, NPR |access-date=September 13, 2016}}
Independent autopsy report:
::{{cite web |url=http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1370608-michael-brown-private-autopsy-report.html |title=Autopsy Report – Michael Brown |via=DocumentCloud contribution by CNN Digital |access-date=September 13, 2016}}
Federal autopsy report:
::{{cite web |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1376606-me-14-0240.html |title=Autopsy Report – Autopsy Number ME14-0240 – Brown, Michael |publisher=Department of Defense, Armed Forces Medical Examiner System, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner |via=DocumentCloud contribution by News desk, The Guardian |access-date=September 13, 2016}}
}} were performed on Brown's body, with all three noting Brown had been shot at least six times, including twice in the head. He received no shots in his back.<ref name=WashPost.Friend/>
The county autopsy report described gunshot entry and exit wounds to Brown's right arm coming from both the front ([[Dorsoventral|ventral]], [[Standard anatomical position|palms facing forward]]) and the back (dorsal, palms facing backward).<ref name=County.Autopsy/>
==== County ====
The local medical examiner autopsy report released to state prosecutors said Brown was shot in the front part of his body. When Mary Case, the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County medical examiner, was asked to provide details, she declined to comment further, citing the ongoing investigation into Brown's death.<ref name=NYTimes.Accounts/><ref name=WashPost.County/> The official county autopsy was later leaked to the ''{{nowrap|St. Louis}} Post-Dispatch''.<ref name=PBS.Autopsy/><ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/>
The narrative report of investigation from the office of the medical examiner of {{nowrap|St. Louis}} agreed with Wilson's testimony.<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/> It noted Brown had sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the head, torso, and right arm, as well as a single gunshot wound to the inside of his right hand near his thumb and palm; it also noted Brown's body had [[abrasion (medical)|abrasions]] to the right side of his face and on the back of his left hand.<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/>
The autopsy noted the absence of [[stippling#Other uses|stippling]], powder burns around a wound that indicate a shot was fired at a relatively short range. Michael Graham notes gunshot wounds within an inch of the body do not always cause stippling. Microscopic examination of tissue taken from Brown's thumb wound detected the presence of a foreign material consistent with the material which is ejected from a gun while firing.<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/> The gunshot wound to the top of Brown's head was consistent with Brown either falling forward or being in a lunging position; the shot was instantly fatal.<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/>
A toxicology test performed by a {{nowrap|St. Louis}} University laboratory revealed the presence of [[THC]], the active ingredient in [[marijuana]], in Brown's blood and urine. This indicated he used marijuana within a few hours of his death, but not whether he was impaired when he died.<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy/>
==== Independent ====
At the request of Brown's family, on {{nowrap|August 17}} a preliminary autopsy was conducted by [[Michael Baden]], a former chief medical examiner for the City of New York (1978–1979). This autopsy was limited because the previous county autopsy had washed, embalmed, and taken evidence off the body.<ref name=KTVI.Baden/><ref name=USAToday.Pathologist/><ref name=CNN.Transcript/><ref name=PBS.Evidence/>
According to Baden's report, Brown was shot six times into his front: four of the bullets entered his right arm, one entered his right eye on a downward trajectory, and one entered the top of his skull.<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> All of the rounds were fired from a distance of at least one foot.<ref name=LATimes.Autopsy/> One of the shots shattered Brown's right eye, traveled through his face, then exited his jaw and reentered his collarbone. Brown could have survived the first bullet wounds, but the bullet that entered the top of his head resulted in a fatal injury.<ref name=SeattleTimes.Hands/><ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/>
Baden had no access to the clothing of the victim, and had not yet seen the x-rays showing where bullets were in the body. He could not determine if any gunpowder residue was on that clothing. Baden concluded there was too little information to forensically reconstruct the shooting.<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> At least two commentators noted the results of both autopsies contradicted some aspects of some eyewitness accounts, which had reported Wilson shot Brown in the back<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy/> and that Wilson shot Brown while holding Brown's neck.<ref name=WashPost.Autopsy/> In later analysis, Baden reclassified one of Brown's chest wounds as an entry wound.<ref name=KSDK.Crump/>
Baden was assisted by Shawn Parcells, who did not have a degree or credentials in medicine or pathology.<ref name=WDAF.Credentials/><ref name=KCStar.Assistant/> Thomas Young, former [[Jackson County, Missouri|Jackson County]] Medical Examiner, said Parcells gave out forensic pathology opinions when Parcells is not qualified to do so.<ref name=WDAF.Credentials/> Mary Case, who performed the initial autopsy, said Parcells' involvement could cause issues with the second autopsy.<ref name=KMBC.Pathologist/> Parcells said all he did was assist Baden.<ref name=KMBC.Pathologist/> In 2021, Parcells was convicted of six criminal charges relating to autopsies he illegally performed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Margolies |first1=Dan |title=Jury convicts Leawood man who posed as a medical examiner of six criminal charges |url=https://www.kcur.org/news/2021-11-05/jury-convicts-leawood-man-who-posed-as-a-medical-examiner-of-six-criminal-charges |access-date=March 1, 2022 |work=KCUR |publisher=National Public Radio |date=November 5, 2022 |archive-date=March 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301075816/https://www.kcur.org/news/2021-11-05/jury-convicts-leawood-man-who-posed-as-a-medical-examiner-of-six-criminal-charges |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Federal====
Attorney General [[Eric Holder]] ordered a third autopsy of Brown's body.<ref name=STLToday.Holder/><ref name=CBS.Autopsy/> Its findings matched the other two autopsies, but its detailed findings were initially withheld from the public due to the ongoing investigation.<ref name=NYTimes.Accounts/><ref name=LATimes.Documents/> The federal autopsy report was among a group of documents released by the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County Prosecutor's Office on {{nowrap|December 8}}, two weeks after the grand jury chose not to indict Wilson.<ref name=LATimes.Documents/><ref name=LATimes.FederalAutopsy/>
===Audio recording of gunshots===
On {{nowrap|August 27}}, CNN released an audio recording purported to contain the sounds of the shooting.<ref name=CNN.Analyzing/><ref name=CNN.Audio/> The recording was made by an anonymous third-party who happened to be recording a video-text message at the time of the incident.<ref name=NBC.Probing/> [[Glide (software)|Glide]], a video messaging service, confirmed the audio had been recorded on their site at {{nowrap|12:02 p.m.}} on the day of the shooting.<ref name=CNN.Captured/><ref name=Glide.Verifies/> The twelve-second recording contains a series of shots, a short pause, and then a second series of shots.<ref name=NBC.Probing/>
Forensic audio expert Paul Ginsberg says he heard six shots, a pause, and then four additional shots. Ginsberg said, "I was very concerned about that pause ... because it's not just the number of gunshots, it's how they're fired. And that has a huge relevance on how this case might finally end up."<ref name=CNN.Audio/> CNN's law enforcement analyst Tom Fuentes noted most accounts of the shooting say there was a single shot earlier in the incident near the vehicle that is not audible in the recording.<ref name=CNN.Alleged/><ref name=WashPost.Audio/> The recording was also analyzed by [[ShotSpotter|SST, Inc.]], a company specializing in [[gunfire locator]] technology. That analysis found the sound of ten gunshots and seven gunshot echoes within seven seconds, with a three-second pause after the sixth shot. The company's analysis also said all ten rounds were fired from within a radius of {{convert|3|ft|m}}, indicating the shooter was not moving.<ref name=WashPost.Acoustic/>
=== Handling ===
''The Washington Post'' said there were unorthodox forensic practices shown in the published testimony of Officer Wilson and other law enforcement officials. The article said Wilson washed blood off of his hands without photographing them first. It also said Wilson submitted his gun to evidence by himself, and that initial interviews of Wilson were conducted with other personnel present and were not taped. It described Wilson's face injuries after the shooting as photographed by a local detective at the Fraternal Order of Police building, instead of at Ferguson Police headquarters. An investigator with the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County Medical Examiner's office testified he decided not to take measurements at the crime scene nor did he photograph the scene, instead relying on photographs taken by the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County Police Department.<ref name=BostonGlobe.Unorthodox/>
== Witness accounts ==
Multiple witnesses saw part or all of the event and have given interviews to the media, testified to the grand jury, and were interviewed by the U.S. Department of Justice. The witness accounts were conflicting on various points.<ref name=NYTimes.Accounts/><ref name=IBTimes.Accounts/><ref name=HLN.Accounts/><ref name=CNN.Narratives/><ref name=LATimes.Witnesses/><ref name=KTVI.Stories/> [[David Klinger|David A. Klinger]], a [[criminologist]] at the [[University of Missouri–St. Louis|University of Missouri–{{nowrap|St. Louis}}]], said eyewitness testimony often differs from witness to witness, a phenomenon commonly known as the [[Rashomon effect]].<ref name=STLToday.Witness/>
An [[Associated Press]] review of the grand jury found numerous problems in the witness testimony, including statements that were "inconsistent, fabricated, or provably wrong". Several of the witnesses admitted changing their testimony to fit released evidence, or other witness statements.<ref name=AP.Papers /> Prosecuting attorney Robert McCulloch said, "I thought it was important to present anybody and everybody, and some that were, yes, clearly not telling the truth, no question about it."<ref name=Guardian.Lied />
The Department of Justice investigation into the shooting determined witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account were credible while those who contradicted Wilson's account were not. The witnesses that claimed Brown was surrendering or did not move toward Wilson were not credible; the report said their claims were inconsistent with the physical evidence, other witness statements, and in some cases prior statements from the same witness. No witness statements that pointed to Wilson's guilt were determined to be credible. Twenty-four statements were determined to lack any credibility, while eight which were found credible corroborated Wilson's account. Nine did not completely contradict nor corroborate Wilson's account.<ref name=NYTimes.Cleared/> Several witnesses reported fear of reprisals from the community for providing evidence that corroborated Wilson's account.<ref name=NYTimes.Cleared/>
=== Wilson's interview and testimony ===
[[File:Darren wilson bruise.jpg|thumb|Bruising on Wilson's face after the shooting]]
Officer Wilson gave his account of the incident in an interview with a detective on {{nowrap|August 10}}, and in testimony before the grand jury in September. Wilson said he had just left a call involving a sick person when he heard on his radio that there was a theft in progress at a local convenience store. Wilson heard the description of the suspects and soon after observed two black males walking down the middle of the street. Wilson pulled up to them and told the two to walk on the sidewalk, and Johnson replied, "we're almost to our destination". As they passed Wilson's patrol SUV window, Brown said "fuck what you have to say".<ref name=CBS.Documents />
Wilson then backed up about ten feet to where they were{{refn|group=note|Wilson testified that he realized while driving on that Brown might be the suspect he had heard about on the radio.  He had noticed Brown holding cigarillos and later looked at him again in his rear view mirror.  Per Wilson, this was when he radioed his response that he was with two subjects on Canfield Drive, asked for assistance and backed up the vehicle to cut off Brown and Johnson.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.13}}}} and attempted to open his door. After backing up, Wilson told the two to "come here", and Brown told him in reply, "what the fuck are you gonna do". Wilson shut the door and Brown approached him and he opened the door again "trying to push him back", while telling him to get back. Brown "started swinging and punching at me from outside the vehicle", and Brown had his body against the door. Wilson said the first strike from Brown was a "glancing blow", and at that point he was trying to get Brown's arms out of his face. This was when Brown turned to his left and handed Johnson several packs of the stolen cigarillos he had been holding.<ref name=CBS.Documents/> Wilson then grabbed Brown's right arm trying to get control, but Brown hit him in the face. Wilson said he "felt like a 5-year-old holding onto [[Hulk Hogan]]" while he attempted to restrain Brown when he reached through his police car window.<ref name=Bloomberg.HulkHogan/> Wilson said it "jarred" him back and he yelled at Brown numerous times to stop and get back. Wilson said he thought about using his mace and his [[Expandable baton|baton]], but he was unable to reach either of them. He then drew his weapon and pointed it at Brown and told him to stop or he would shoot him, while ordering him to the ground.<ref name=CBS.Documents/>
According to Wilson, Brown then said "you're too much of a fucking pussy to shoot me" and grabbed for his gun and twisted it, pointing it at him, into his hip area. Wilson placed his left hand against Brown's hand and his other hand on the gun and pushed forward with both his arms. The gun was somewhat lined up with Brown, and Wilson pulled the trigger twice, but the weapon failed to discharge. On the next try, the gun fired and Brown then attempted to hit him multiple times inside his vehicle. Wilson shot at Brown again, but missed, and Brown took off running east, while Wilson exited his vehicle and radioed for backup. Wilson followed Brown, yelling for him to stop and get on the ground, but he kept running. Brown eventually stopped and turned and made a "grunting noise" and started running at him with his right hand under his shirt in his waistband. Brown ignored Wilson's commands to stop and get on the ground, so Wilson fired multiple shots at him, paused, and yelled at him to get on the ground again, but Brown was still charging at him and had not slowed down. Wilson then fired another set of shots, but Brown was still running at him. When Brown was about eight to ten feet away, Wilson fired more shots, with one of those hitting Brown in the head, which brought him down with his hand still in his waistband. Wilson said two patrol cars showed up approximately fifteen to twenty seconds after the final shot. When his supervisor arrived, he was sent to the police station.<ref name=CBS.Documents/>
Wilson told detectives Brown had reached his right hand into his waistband and that the hand still appeared to be in the waistband after Brown was shot. The medical investigator at the scene of the shooting did not take any photographs and testified to the grand jury that Brown's left hand was under his dead body, near the waistband, and the right hand was extended outwards.<ref name=CNN.Testimony/>
On {{nowrap|November 26}}, Wilson gave his first public interview about the shooting to [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]' [[George Stephanopoulos]].<ref name=ABC.Discusses/>
===Corroborating Wilson's testimony===
Numerous witness accounts were consistent with Wilson's account and also agreed with the physical evidence at hand. Many witnesses corroborated that Wilson acted in self-defense during the event. A number of the witnesses who corroborated Wilson's account of events expressed fear and apprehension in testifying, saying they had been harassed or threatened by individuals from the Ferguson community.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|pp.27–34}} The following are a sample of the witnesses whose accounts aligned with Wilson's testimony.
Witness 102 was a 27-year-old biracial male. He said he saw Wilson chase Brown until Brown abruptly turned around. Brown did not put his hands up in surrender but made some type of movement similar to pulling his pants up or a shoulder shrug and then made a full charge at Wilson. Witness 102 thought Wilson's life was threatened and he only fired shots when Brown was coming toward him.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|pp.27–28}}
Witness 103, a 58-year-old black male, testified that from his parked truck he saw "Brown punching Wilson at least three times in the facial area, through the open driver's window of the SUV... Wilson and Brown [had] hold of each other's shirts, but Brown was 'getting in a couple of blows [on Wilson]'."<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.29}} Wilson was leaning back toward the passenger seat with his forearm up, in an effort to block the blows. Then Witness 103 heard a gunshot and Brown took off running. Wilson exited the SUV, appeared to be using his shoulder microphone to call into his radio, and chased Brown with his gun held low ... Brown came to a stop near a car, put his hand down on the car, and turned around to face Wilson. Brown's hands were then down at his sides. Witness 103 did not see Brown's hands up. Wanting to leave, Witness 103 began to turn his car around in the opposite direction that Brown had been running when he heard additional shots. Witness 103 turned to his right, and saw Brown "moving fast" toward Wilson. Witness 103 then drove away."<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.29}}
Witness 104, a 26-year-old biracial female, witnessed the end of the altercation from a minivan:
<blockquote>[Witness 104] saw Brown run from the SUV, followed by Wilson, who "hopped" out of the SUV and ran after him while yelling "stop, stop, stop". Wilson did not fire his gun as Brown ran from him. Brown then turned around and "for a second" began to raise his hands as though he may have considered surrendering, but then quickly "balled up in fists" in a running position and "charged" at Wilson. Witness 104 described it as a "tackle run", explaining Brown "wasn't going to stop". Wilson fired his gun only as Brown charged at him, backing up as Brown came toward him. Witness 104 explained there were three separate volleys of shots. Each time, Brown ran toward Wilson, Wilson fired, Brown paused, Wilson stopped firing, and then Brown charged again. The pattern continued until Brown fell to the ground, "smashing" his face upon impact. Wilson did not fire while Brown momentarily had his hands up. Witness 104 explained it took some time for Wilson to fire, adding that she "would have fired sooner". Wilson did not go near Brown's body after Brown fell to his death.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.30}}</blockquote>
Witness 108, a 74-year-old black male, told detectives the police officer was "in the right" and "did what he had to do", and that statements made by people in the apartment complex about Brown surrendering were inaccurate. Witness 108 later told investigators he "would have fucking shot that boy, too", and mimicked the aggressive stance Brown made while charging Wilson. He explained Wilson told Brown to "stop" or "get down" at least ten times, but instead Brown "charged" at Wilson. Witness 108 also told detectives there were other witnesses on Canfield Drive who saw what he saw.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.32}}
Witness 109, a 53-year-old black male, said he decided to come forward after seeing Dorian Johnson "lie" about the events on television.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.32}} He said when Wilson asked the two boys to get out of the street, Brown responded something to the effect of "Fuck the police." Afterward, Wilson got out of his car and Brown hit him in the face. Witness 109 said he saw Wilson reach for his taser but dropped it and then grabbed a gun, after which Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun. According to 109, at one point Brown ran away from Wilson, but turned around and charged toward the officer. He said Wilson fired in self-defense, and did not appear to be shooting to kill at first.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.33}}
Witness 113, a 31-year-old black female, made statements that corroborated Wilson's account. She said she was afraid of the "neighborhood backlash" that might come from her testimony, and feared offering an account contrary to the narrative reported by the media that Brown held his hands up in surrender.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|pp.33–34}} She also told investigators she thought Wilson's life was in danger.
Witness 136 was in his apartment using a video chat application on his mobile phone while the shooting occurred. After hearing the first few shots, he recorded the remainder of his chat on his phone and turned it over to the FBI. The recording is about 12 seconds long and captured a total of 10 gunshots. The gunshots begin after the first four seconds. The recording captured six gunshots in two seconds. After a three-second pause, a seventh gunshot is heard. A pause of less than one second gave way to the final three-shot volley within two seconds. The recording was not time-stamped. As detailed below, this recording is consistent with several credible witness accounts as well as Wilson's account, that he fired several volleys of shots, briefly pausing between each one.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|pp.24–25}}
===Contradicting Wilson's testimony===
Several witnesses who originally testified against Wilson were also interviewed by the prosecution. They admitted to lying under oath as to the truthfulness of their testimony.<ref name=WJLA.Lied/><ref name=HuffPost.Lied/> At least one witness took an account from a newspaper; this witness was later discredited by investigators during the process.<ref name=HuffPost.Lied/>
Witness 22, who originally claimed she saw Wilson kill Brown in cold blood, admitted she lied to investigators and never saw the incident at all. She said she was just passing along information which her boyfriend told her he saw.<ref name=WJLA.Lied/><ref name=CNN.Credibility/><ref name=WashPost.Inconsistency/> The court transcript reads:
{{blockquote|'''Prosecution''': You gave two statements, were both of those statements true?
'''Witness 22''': No. I just felt like I want to be part of something... I didn't see what I told the FBI what [''sic''] I saw.|sign=|source=}}
Prosecutors also played the grand jury a 10-minute police interview with a man who claimed to have witnessed the shooting. They then played a phone call in which that man admitted he actually had not seen the incident at all.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/> Another witness insisted another officer was with Wilson at the time of the shooting. By all other accounts, Wilson was the only officer present when he shot Brown. This witness described having a clear view of what transpired despite there being a building between the witness' location and where the incident took place.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/>
Witness 35 said Brown was "on his knees" when Wilson shot him in the head. Under questioning, his testimony fell apart, and he admitted fabricating it.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/>
{{blockquote|'''Prosecution''': What you are saying you saw isn't forensically possible based on the evidence. Are you telling us that the only thing that's true about all of your statements before this is that you saw that police officer shoot him at point blank range?
'''Witness 35''': Yes.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/>}}
Another witness described Brown on his hands and knees pleading for his life. After a prosecutor confronted the witness and told them what they had seen was not forensically possible based on the evidence, the witness later asked to leave.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/>
Another witness—number 37—testified that, during a confrontation at Wilson's vehicle, Wilson shot Brown point blank in the chest—but Brown did not fall over and was not clearly bleeding as he ran away. This witness gave several different accounts of how many shots were fired. While he was further pressed for answers as to the truthfulness of his statements, he instead posed questions in return, refusing to elaborate on his statements.
{{blockquote|'''Prosecution''': You told three different stories in the time we've been here today. So I want to know which one is really your memory or did you see this at all?
'''Witness 37''': If none of my stuff is making any sense, like why do y'all keep contacting me?<ref name=CNN.Credibility/>}}
===Dorian Johnson===
Johnson, a friend of Brown, who was with him that day, gave his account of the incident to media outlets in August. In media interviews, Johnson said Wilson pulled up beside them and said, "Get the fuck on the sidewalk."<ref name=CNN.Friend/><ref name=MSNBC.Recounts/><ref name=USAToday.Witness/> The young men replied they were "not but a minute away from [their] destination, and [they] would shortly be out of the street".<ref name=USAToday.Witness/>{{refn|group=note|Johnson lived in the adjacent apartment complex and was neighbors with Brown, who was living with a relative at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lowery|first1=Wesley|last2=Fears|first2=Darryl|date=August 31, 2014|access-date=October 15, 2020|title=Michael Brown and Dorian Johnson, the friend who witnessed his shooting|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting/2014/08/31/bb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html|url-access=subscription|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lowery|first=Wesley|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/dorian-johnson-witness-to-the-ferguson-shooting-sticks-by-his-story/2019/08/08/79ff3760-b77e-11e9-a091-6a96e67d9cce_story.html|title=Dorian Johnson, witness to the Ferguson shooting, sticks by his story|date=August 9, 2019|access-date=August 10, 2024|url-access=subscription|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>}} Wilson drove forward without saying anything further and abruptly backed up, positioning his vehicle crosswise in their path. Wilson then allegedly tried to open his door aggressively and the door ricocheted off Brown and Johnson's bodies and closed back on Wilson.<ref name=CNN.Shooting/> Wilson, still in his vehicle, purportedly grabbed Brown around his neck using his left hand<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> through the open window, and Brown tried to pull away, but Wilson is said to have continued to pull Brown toward him "like tug of war".<ref name=LATimes.Witnesses/><ref name=BostonGlobe.Autopsy/> Johnson noted that Brown had the upper hand over Wilson owing to his position relative to the seated Wilson, his size advantage and because Wilson was only grabbing him with one hand.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> Johnson said Brown "did not reach for the officer's weapon at all", and was attempting to get free, when Wilson drew his weapon and said, "I'll shoot you" or "I'm going to shoot", and fired his weapon hitting Brown.<ref name=MSNBC.Recounts/><ref name=CNN.Streets/><ref name=RiverfrontTimes.Why/><ref name=Yahoo.Crowd/><ref name=STLToday.Fatal/> Following the initial gunshot, Brown freed himself, and the two are said to have fled. Wilson exited the vehicle, and allegedly fired several rounds at the fleeing Brown, hitting him once in the back.<ref name=CNN.Shooting/><ref name=USAToday.Witness/> Johnson said Brown then turned around with his hands raised and said, "I don't have a gun. Stop shooting!" Wilson is said to have then shot Brown several more times, killing him.<ref name=CNN.Shooting/><ref name=Time.Roots/>
In his testimony in September to the grand jury, Johnson said he and Brown had walked to a convenience store to buy cigarillos, but Brown instead reached over the counter and took them and shoved a clerk on his way out the door.<ref name=IBTimes.Cigarillos/> Johnson testified that on their walk back home, Brown had the cigarillos in his hands in plain sight and two Ferguson police cars passed them, but did not stop.<ref name=IBTimes.Cigarillos/> When Wilson encountered them, he told the two to "get the fuck on the sidewalk" and Johnson told him they would be off the street shortly as they were close to their destination.<ref name=NPR.Friend/> Johnson testified Wilson was the aggressor from the beginning and that for no apparent reason, he backed his vehicle up and tried to open his door, but Brown shut it, preventing him from getting out.<ref name=NPR.Friend/> Johnson said Wilson then reached out and grabbed Brown by the neck and the two were engaged in a "tug of war", Wilson's left hand progressively slipping from Brown's neck to his right arm.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> Brown braced himself on the vehicle's door with his left arm, which Johnson believed Wilson may have grabbed with his right arm at one point.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> Wilson drew his gun with his right hand<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> and said "I'll shoot". Johnson said he never saw Brown hit Wilson and did not think Brown grabbed for Wilson's gun,<ref name=NPR.Friend/><ref name=Fox.Witness/> although he admitted the possibility that Brown's left arm could have been inside the vehicle while Johnson wasn't looking.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/> Following a gunshot, Johnson said they both ran{{refn|group=note|Johnson said that Brown told him to "keep running, bro" as he passed Johnson, who had outpaced Brown and decided first to hide among stopped vehicles by crouching and then to try to enter one.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>}} and Wilson fired while Brown was running away, Brown turned around and "at that time Big Mike's hands was up, but not so much in the air, because he had been struck".<ref name=Fox.Witness/> Johnson told the jurors Brown said "I don't have a gun", was mad and tried to say again "I don't have a gun", but "before he can say the second sentence or before he can even get it out, that's when the several more shots came." In his testimony, Johnson maintained Brown did not run at Wilson prior to the fatal shots.<ref name=Fox.Witness/>
The Department of Justice concluded that Johnson's testimony was not credible due to its inconsistencies with evidence, internal inconsistencies and lack of corroboration by credible witness accounts. The DOJ was also skeptical that Johnson would have been in a position to witness the final shots, and believed that Johnson may have fled the scene prior or had his back to the shooting while seeking cover.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
===Other witness accounts===
Nine witness testimonies were judged by the Department of Justice as neither fully supportive nor inculpating of Wilson.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|pp.36–43}} One, that of witness 107, who was seated in the same minivan as witness 104, reported that Wilson was standing outside the passenger side of his vehicle at the time that Brown started to run away.{{refn|group=note|name=bracelet}}  Unlike witness 104, witness 107 was uncertain whether Brown subsequently charged at Wilson. Witness 107 reported that Wilson shot Brown while Brown was running away, and that the last shots were fired while Wilson was 10 to 15 feet away from Brown. The investigators reported that witness 107 was visibly shaken at what she had witnessed, which may have contributed to inconsistencies in her testimony.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witness 106, the driver of the minivan, disagreed with witness 107 that Brown had put his hands up before moving toward Wilson. Brown's gesture was instead characterized by this witness as Brown having "briefly flung" out his arms. However, the view witness 106 had of Brown was partially obstructed by Wilson's body.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witnesses 110 and 111 were interviewed on the evening of the incident and were shaken; witness 111 was crying. Witnesses 110 and 111 both witnessed the shooting, first from a driveway and then a balcony. They had passed Brown and Johnson walking on the street while in a vehicle en route to the house. They saw Wilson backing his vehicle up to block Brown and Johnson, but could not see what went on in the vehicle because they were watching from the passenger side. Johnson disappeared at the first shot, and Brown and Wilson continued to grapple until a second shot was fired and Brown ran away. Witness 110 observed Brown stopping, looking at his bloodied left hand, putting his arms out to his sides in a "what the heck" gesture and turning and going toward Wilson with his hands in the same posture. Witness 110 initially stated that Brown moved "quickly" back toward Wilson, though witness 110 later denied that Brown had been charging or running at Wilson to the grand jury and could not provide a characterization of Brown's movement. According to witness 111, it seemed that Brown was moving "in slow motion" toward Wilson.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witness 115 recorded on their cell phone video of the incident that "dude [Brown] was all up in his [Wilson's] car, dude [Brown] was punching on him." Witness 115 believed that Brown was winning in the fight, and from the vantage point of witness 115, was likely striking Wilson. There was a gap in witness 115's testimony as the shooting stopped, witness 115 went out onto their balcony, then went back inside to retrieve the phone, which they inadvertently left on their dresser, called out to family members and reemerged on the balcony. At this point, they saw Brown, whose arms were folded on his stomach,{{refn|group=note|Witness 115 assumed that Brown had been shot in the stomach<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>}} walking back toward Wilson. Brown was reportedly not surrendering and did not have his hands up, but was falling to the ground as he approached Wilson. Wilson fired a series of shots, and Brown fell to the ground over one arm, with the other at his side. Wilson did not touch Brown's body and was speaking on a radio with his gun drawn.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witness 114 saw Wilson stop his vehicle and lean out of the driver's window, perhaps to say something to Brown. Brown made a hand gesture. Wilson's vehicle continued on initially, but then was jerked back and parked at an angle. Witness 129 stated that this was to cut off Brown and Johnson.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witness 116 looked out their blinds in response to screams. They saw Brown with his hands inside Wilson's vehicle. Witness 116 reported seeing Wilson use what they thought was a taser, but miss.{{refn|group=note|Wilson testified that he was not carrying a taser, only mace, a flashlight, a retractable [[asp baton]] and a gun, none of which he considered to be viable options other than drawing the gun—mace because he believed he would incapacitate himself, the baton because it was holstered on his back and would have to be extended in close quarters and the flashlight because it was out of reach in a bag.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.13}}}} They then heard or saw Wilson fire a gun once or twice. Witness 116 saw Brown run away, and assumed that he had been apprehended. However, after hearing five or six additional gunshots, they looked out again to see Brown dead on the ground.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
Witness 110 and 141 reported that Wilson only shot at Brown while Brown moved toward him, not while Brown was fleeing.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>
The DOJ concluded that they had identified no testimony that could inculpate Wilson that was consistent with other inculpating witness testimony, consistent with the prior statements of the witness and with the physical evidence.<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport/>{{rp|p.36}}
== Early reaction and analysis ==
{{See also|Ferguson unrest}}
=== August 9–14 ===
Peaceful protests and [[civil disorder]] broke out the day following Brown's shooting and lasted for several days. This was in part due to the belief among many that Brown was surrendering, as well as longstanding racial tensions between the minority-black population and the majority-white city government and police.<ref name=WashPost.Even/> As the details of the original shooting event emerged from investigators, police grappled with establishing curfews and maintaining order, while members of the Ferguson community demonstrated in various ways in the vicinity of the original shooting. On {{nowrap|August 10}}, a day of memorials began peacefully, but some crowd members became unruly after an evening candlelight vigil.<ref name=NBC.Looting/> Local police stations assembled approximately 150 officers in riot gear.<ref name=ChiTrib.Protests/> Some people began looting businesses, vandalizing vehicles, and confronting police officers who sought to block off access to several areas of the city.<ref name=NBC.Looting/> Widespread media coverage examined the post-[[September 11 attacks|9/11]] trend of local police departments arming themselves with military-grade weapons when dealing with protests.<ref name=USAToday.Military/><ref name=WashPost.Military/> In the days following the shooting, state and federal officials weighed in on the matter. On {{nowrap|August 12}}, President [[Barack Obama]] offered his condolences to Brown's family and community.<ref name=KMOV.Obama/> On {{nowrap|August 14}}, Senator [[Rand Paul]] of Kentucky said in an op-ed in ''[[Time Magazine]]'', that the event was a tragedy and that police forces need to be demilitarized.<ref name=Time.Paul/>
=== August 15–30 ===
On {{nowrap|August 15}}, a report and video showing the robbery of a convenience store by Brown was released by the Ferguson Police Department. Brown was accompanied by his friend Dorian Johnson. The report and video were part of a packet that included information about the shooting afterward.<ref name=NPR.Name/><ref name=LATimes.Veteran/><ref name=KSDK.StrongArm/> The report containing frames of the surveillance footage showed Brown grabbing a box of cigarillos, followed by an apparent struggle or confrontation between Brown and a store clerk.<ref name=WashPost.Three/><ref name=WashPost.Suspect/> The statutory deadline in the Sunshine Law, Missouri's equivalent of the federal Freedom of Information Act, was the cited reason for the release following requests by ''{{nowrap|St. Louis}} Post-Dispatch'', [[Judicial Watch]] and others.<ref name=DevinJames.Karr/><ref name=STLToday.Mislead/><ref name=KPLR.Timeline/>
The Department of Justice had urged the video not be released, saying a release would inflame tension.<ref name=NBC.Feds/> Missouri Governor [[Jay Nixon]] identified the release as an attempt to disparage Brown during the investigation that would inflame the community.<ref name=Guardian.Points/><ref name=IJR.Nixon/> Brown's family released a statement in which they condemn the way the police chief chose to disseminate information, calling it [[character assassination]] following the "execution-style murder" of their son.<ref name=NYTimes.Emotions/>
The {{nowrap|August 15}} release of information was criticized as part of an erratic and infrequent release of information by the police.<ref name=Fox.Cedes/> Previously, the police withheld the name of the officer involved in the shooting, citing safety concerns following death threats against the unnamed officer.<ref name=NPR.Name/> The {{nowrap|St Louis}} County Police incident report lacked details.<ref name=Time.Report/> The Ferguson Police incident report was obtained by the ACLU after a request and subsequent lawsuit.<ref name=ACLU.Report/> Wilson did not file an incident report<ref name=Time.Report /> and there was no Ferguson Police use-of-force report related to the incident.<ref name=Yahoo.Report/> The Ferguson Police Department refused to commit to a deadline for releasing a full autopsy report.<ref name=Time.Roots/>
When the report and video were released, the police said Wilson had known Brown was a suspect in the robbery.<ref name=NYDailyNews.Bombshell/> In a media conference, Ferguson's chief of police [[Thomas Jackson (police officer)|Tom Jackson]] said the robbery was unrelated to the initial contact, and had nothing to do with Wilson stopping Brown and Johnson.<ref name=NPR.Name/><ref name=NYDailyNews.Bombshell/> Jackson later clarified Wilson recognized Brown as a suspect because he saw a box of cigars in his hand.<ref name=USAToday.Cigars/><ref name=STLToday.Jesse/> Eugene O'Donnell, a former district attorney in New York City who now serves as a professor at the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], said, while the police officer may have stopped Brown for jaywalking, Brown may have been thinking the officer knew about the robbery: "Obviously the cop's reaction is not affected, but what could be affected is [Brown's] reaction to the cop."<ref name=LATimes.Matters/>
A Pew Research Center Survey published on August 18 suggested differences in American public opinion between whites and blacks. It indicated 80% of blacks and 37% of whites believed the shooting "raises important issues about race".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.people-press.org/2014/08/18/stark-racial-divisions-in-reactions-to-ferguson-police-shooting/ |title=Stark Racial Divisions in Reactions to Ferguson Police Shooting |date=August 18, 2014 |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085443/http://www.people-press.org/2014/08/18/stark-racial-divisions-in-reactions-to-ferguson-police-shooting/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On {{nowrap|August 24}}, St. Louis held their annual Peace Fest, which had a particular focus on Mike Brown. In attendance was Mike Brown's father, Mike Brown Sr., as well as the parents of Trayvon Martin (an unarmed black teen who was shot and killed in Florida in 2012).<ref name=USAToday.Peace/>
In August, Chief Jackson said Wilson had been injured in the incident.<ref name=CNN.Threats/> Wilson's medical record shows his injuries were diagnosed as a facial contusion or bruise.<ref name=Atlantic.Injury/>
Brown's funeral was held on {{nowrap|August 25}} and was attended by an estimated 4,500 people.<ref name=KSDK.Church/><ref name=WashPost.White/> [[Al Sharpton]] delivered one of two eulogies.<ref name=CNN.Hope/><ref name=KCStar.Mourners/>
=== September – November 24 ===
[[File:Ferguson Police chief Thomas Jackson at press conference.jpg|thumb|Ferguson Police Chief Tom Jackson at the news conference]]
[[File:Memorial to Michael Brown.jpg|thumb|A makeshift memorial placed during protests]]
[[File:Protest at Ferguson police dept.jpg|thumb|Protesters gather at the Ferguson police department]]
On {{nowrap|October 22}}, anonymous sources leaked to the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch|{{nowrap|St. Louis}} Post-Dispatch]]'' what they described as Wilson's grand jury testimony.<ref name=NYMag.Justice/> The Justice Department issued a statement that it "considers the selective release of information in this investigation to be irresponsible and highly troubling. Since the release of the convenience-store footage, there seems to be an inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case."<ref name=NYMag.Justice/> Wilson's defense team denied they were behind the leaks, saying they "[were] not in possession of any of the disclosed reports or the investigative report".<ref name=NYMag.Justice/> The {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County prosecutor spokesperson said his office would not investigate the leaks because they could not force journalists to divulge their sources, and "you can tell by the information they have that the leaks are not coming from the grand jury or the prosecutor's office."<ref name=DFP.Feds/> The leaks concerning grand jury testimony were condemned by the Justice Department as inappropriate effort to influence public opinion about this case.<ref name=NYMag.Justice/> The leaks referred to evidence supporting Wilson's testimony and decreased the likelihood of an indictment whilst fanning the flames of angry protesters.<ref name=Time.Leaks/>
=== November 24 – early December ===
[[File:Missouri Highway Patrol Captain Ron Johnson.jpg|thumb|Missouri Highway Patrol Captain Ronald Johnson was asked to take over policing of Ferguson, as a tactical shift to reduce the violence]]
[[File:Sharpshooter facing camera.jpg|thumb|Police sharpshooter atop a SWAT vehicle during protests at Ferguson]]
[[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 44.png|thumb|Clashes between police and protesters]]
Following the grand jury announcement, protests, some of them violent, broke out in Ferguson and other cities across the United States. Several Ferguson businesses were looted and fires set by protesters. Protests erupted in 170 cities across the U.S., including<ref name=Economist.Belong/> [[St Louis]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Seattle]], [[Albuquerque]], New York City, [[Cleveland]], Los Angeles, [[Oakland]], [[Minneapolis]], [[Atlanta]], Chicago, and [[Boston]].<ref name=BBC.Protests/> Numerous media reports and legal experts criticized the process for failing to return an indictment in cases concerning law enforcement officers.<ref name=CSM.Rarely/><ref name=538.Rare/>
A December 2014 opinion poll by Washington Post-ABC News showed a majority of blacks do not believe that they receive treatment equal to whites by the police or the criminal justice system. Six out of ten white Americans believe the police treat races equally with roughly half of white Americans believing the criminal justice provides equal treatment, but there is a sharp partisan divide between white Americans. [[Conservatism in the United States|Conservative]] or [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] white Americans are far more likely to say whites and blacks receive equal treatment in the justice system than the [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] or [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] white Americans.<ref name=WashPost.Partisan/>{{refn|group=note|The poll was conducted {{nowrap|December 11–15}}, 2014, with a random national sample of 1,012 adults with an overall margin of error of 3.5 percentage points, but an error margin of 11 points for results among African Americans and Hispanics.<ref name=WashPost.Partisan/>}}
=== March 2015 ===
On {{nowrap|March 4}}, the U.S. Department of Justice announced Wilson would not be charged in the shooting. Its report said "[t]here is no evidence upon which prosecutors can rely to disprove Wilson's stated subjective belief that he feared for his safety," and that accounts that Brown put his hands up are "inaccurate because they are inconsistent with the physical and forensic evidence".<ref name=ABC.NotCharge/>
President Obama reacted to the announcement, stating, "The finding that was made [by the Department of Justice] was that it was not unreasonable to determine that there was not sufficient evidence to charge Officer Wilson. That was an objective, thorough, independent federal investigation." He further added, "We may never know exactly what happened. But Officer Wilson like anybody else who is charged with a crime benefits from due process and a reasonable doubt standard."<ref name=ABC.Obama/>
=== June – July 2015 ===
In a [[Gallup (company)#Gallup Poll|Gallup Poll]] taken in June and July 2015, 8% of black respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 44% of black respondents answered "fairly". In contrast, 29% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered that local police treat racial minorities "very fairly" while 49% of non-Hispanic white respondents answered "fairly". In the same poll, 38% of black respondents and 18% of non-Hispanic white respondents indicated a preference for "greater police presence in their local communities."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/184511/blacks-divided-whether-police-treat-minorities-fairly.aspx |first=Art |last=Swift |title=Blacks Divided on Whether Police Treat Minorities Fairly |publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |date=August 6, 2015 |access-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624034042/https://news.gallup.com/poll/184511/blacks-divided-whether-police-treat-minorities-fairly.aspx |archive-date=June 24, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic-11592952420 |title=No, Police Racism Isn't an Epidemic |author1=Jason L. Riley |date=June 24, 2020 |work=wsj.com |publisher=Wall Street Journal |access-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-date=June 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623231023/https://www.wsj.com/articles/no-police-racism-isnt-an-epidemic-11592952420 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== International reactions ===
Various heads of state and foreign news organizations have commented on the shooting and subsequent protests including the Chinese [[Xinhua News Agency]], Germany's ''[[Der Spiegel]]'',<ref name=LATimes.International/> Egypt's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)|Ministry of Foreign affairs]],<ref name=DNEgypt.Restraint/> the Iranian [[Islamic Republic News Agency]],<ref name=LATimes.International/> protesters throughout the Middle East,<ref name=NYTimes.Advice/> the Russian Foreign Ministry,<ref name=LATimes.International/> Spain's ''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'',<ref name=WashPost.World/> the British ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]'',<ref name=MetroUK.Dehumanise/> and others.<ref name=LATimes.International/>
[[Amnesty International]] (AI) sent a team of human rights observers, trainers, and researchers to Ferguson. It was the first time the organization deployed such a team in the United States.<ref name=LATimes.Backfire/><ref name=BuzzFeed.Amnesty/> In a press release, AI USA director [[Steven W. Hawkins]] said, "The U.S. cannot continue to allow those obligated and duty-bound to protect to become those who their community fears most."<ref name=KMOX.Amnesty/><ref name=Amnesty.Delegation/> On {{nowrap|October 24}}, AI published a report declaring human rights abuses in Ferguson. The report cited the use of lethal force in Brown's death, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas, [[rubber bullets]], and [[long range acoustic device]]s, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests.<ref name=Amnesty.Abuses/><ref name=Time.Amnesty/>
== Reactions to grand jury decision ==
[[File:NYC Mike Brown-Ferguson protest Union Square 11.JPG|thumb|Protesters react the day following the grand jury decision in [[Union Square, Manhattan]] in New York City.]]
The grand jury process was atypical because of significant and numerous departures from other normal grand jury proceedings. The American grand jury process operates in secret, with the proceedings, evidence and testimony rarely being released to the public in cases of no indictment. From the beginning, McCulloch desired to provide transparency to the process and had the proceeding transcribed with the intention of releasing the materials to the public if there was no indictment. [[Paul G. Cassell|Paul Cassell]], former U.S. federal judge, said the investigative grand jury was unique because they were investigating with no assurance that any criminal conduct was present, in contrast to normal grand jury proceedings which have been screened for probable cause by a prosecutor. McCulloch's intentions to present all the evidence resulted in the proceedings which took far longer than regular grand juries which decide within days.<ref name=WashPost.Fair/>
Earlier in the hearing, the prosecution presented a 1979 Missouri statute allowing officers to use deadly force "to effect the arrest or prevent the escape from custody [of a person]". Before the grand jury deliberated, jurors were told to disregard the previous instructions and use case law from the ''[[Tennessee v Garner]]'' ruling, which said it was unconstitutional for police officers to use deadly force to apprehend non-dangerous fleeing suspects.<ref name=KWMU.Wrangled/> Missouri Attorney General [[Chris Koster]], acknowledged the grand jury was given information based on the state law before being informed that deadly force cannot be used merely to prevent the escape of an unarmed suspect.<ref name=KWMU.Wrangled /><ref name=Donnell.Last>{{cite AV media |title=The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell – "Rewrite" segment |publisher=MSNBC |date=November 26, 2014 |medium=Television }}</ref> ''[[MSNBC]]'s'' [[Lawrence O'Donnell]] argued that this change amounted to a deliberate attempt by the prosecution to make it impossible to indict Wilson.<ref name=Donnell.Last/> Andrew F. Branca, a Massachusetts lawyer focusing on self-defense law, attributed O'Donnell's comments as a [[straw man]] because self-defense is a completely independent and sufficient justification for the use of deadly force.<ref name=LegalInsurrection.Decision/> The {{nowrap|St. Louis}} Public Radio later clarified that even if Wilson was indicted and convicted at trial based on the Garner ruling, the conviction could be challenged on the basis that Missouri law permitted the use of deadly force.<ref name=KWMU.Wrangled />
The prosecution's handling of the case received particular attention. Roger Parloff said prosecutors do not usually exclude truly exculpatory evidence and that prosecutors do not typically indict if they believe the accused is not guilty, disagreeing with the notion that McCulloch should have presented evidence with the purpose of obtaining an indictment.<ref name=Fortune.Deaths/> Jay Sterling Silver said the grand jury case indicated a conflict of interest between local prosecutors and police, as the former needs to maintain a good relationship with law enforcement.<ref name=TimesDispatch.Silver /> [[Mark O'Mara]] said the unusual process was to avoid arguments that the presentation was to effect a particular result, yet despite this McCulloch was still criticized for the decision. Paul Callan, former deputy chief of homicide in the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, gave a layered response which asserted the choice to present all the evidence was unusual, but not unprecedented in controversial cases. Callan said some prosecutors use the grand jury process as political cover in cases which would not succeed at trial, and in cases in which subsequent investigations and civil lawsuits would raise further criticism.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/> William Fitzpatrick, of the National District Attorneys Association, said it was not strange for prosecutors in police-involved cases to provide all available evidence and not ask for a specific charge and defended McCulloch's inclusion of evidence.<ref name=LATimes.Strategy/> [[Jeffrey Toobin]] agreed the exoneration may have been well-justified because a conviction would have been very unlikely at a trial, but the process that was used does not inspire confidence in the legal system.<ref name=CNN.Credibility/> In a later interview, McCulloch defended the choice to include all evidence and not skew the presentation just for the sake of getting an indictment.<ref name=KTRS.McGraw/>
''The New York Times'' described prosecutors' questioning of Wilson as "gentle" and said it contrasted with the sharp challenges to witnesses whose accounts seemed to contradict Wilson's, and reported this had led some to question whether the process was as objective as McCulloch had claimed. The ''Times'' reported prosecutors asked witness after witness if Brown appeared to be reaching for a weapon when confronting Wilson, though few of them said this. Furthermore, contradictions in testimony by Wilson and other law-enforcement officers were left unchallenged by prosecutors.<ref name=NYTimes.Trusting/> CNN legal analyst [[Sunny Hostin]] criticized the prosecutors for asking softball questions during the cross examination of Wilson's testimony, and referred particularly to the fact that no witness could corroborate Wilson's story that he had warned Brown twice to lie down on the ground, and when asked, witnesses said they did not hear him say that.<ref name=RawStory.Fanciful/>
After the grand jury's decision was announced, Brown's stepfather, Louis Head, turned to a crowd of demonstrators who had gathered, and yelled "Burn this bitch down", according to a ''New York Times'' video.<ref name=CNN.Stepfather/> Moments before, he had said "If I get up [on the platform] I'm gonna start a riot."<ref name=AlJazeera.Stepdad/> He later apologized for the outburst.<ref name=CNN.Sorry/>
==Aftermath==
[[File:Canfield.jpg|thumb|left|The site on Canfield Drive in 2020]]
By September 24, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson publicly apologized to the family of Michael Brown.<ref name=USAToday.Apology/> By March 12, five months later, Thomas Jackson resigned from the Ferguson Police Department.<ref name=NPR.ChiefResign/> On {{nowrap|November 29}}, Wilson resigned from the Ferguson police force with no [[Severance package|severance]], citing security concerns.<ref name=Reuters.Resigned/><ref name=CNN.Resigns/> Wilson's lawyer said Wilson "will never be a police officer again" as he does not want to put other officers at risk due to his presence.<ref name=NBC.Cop/> The [[National Bar Association]], an organization of African American lawyers and judges, made a complaint to the Missouri Department of Public Safety demanding Wilson's police officer license be revoked.<ref name=STLToday.Revocation/> Wilson's attempts to obtain employment as a police officer have been unsuccessful.<ref name=NYer.Cop/>
President [[Barack Obama]] announced the federal government would spend $75 million on [[body cameras]] for law enforcement officers, as one of the measures taken in response to the shooting.<ref name=MSNBC.Cameras/><ref name=VOA.Obama/>
According to the [[Associated Press|Associated Press']] annual poll of United States news directors and editors, the top news story of 2014 was police killings of unarmed black people—including the shooting of Brown—as well as their investigations and the protests in their aftermath.<ref name=Time.APPoll/><ref name=AP.Poll/>
Roger Goldman, emeritus professor at Saint Louis University Law School, Flanders, a Saint Louis University law professor, and Senator [[Jamilah Nasheed]] seek the updating of Missouri state law to comply with the 1985 U.S. Supreme Court decision, ''[[Tennessee v. Garner]]''.<ref name=KWMU.Wrangled />
[[File:Michael Brown Plaque.jpg|thumb|Bronze plaque in memory of Michael Brown on sidewalk where shooting incident occurred]]
The cover of ''[[The New Yorker]]''{{'}}s {{nowrap|January 26}}, 2015, issue depicted [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] linking arms with [[Eric Garner]] and [[Wenjian Liu]], and joined by [[Trayvon Martin]] and Brown.<ref name=WashPost.Selma/>
Funds for the Brown family and for Wilson were solicited on the internet,<ref name=WJLA.Fundraisers/><ref name=NYDailyNews.Pages/> each accumulating hundreds of thousands of dollars in donations.<ref name=KSDK.Donated/>
In August 2018, Prosecuting Attorney [[Bob McCulloch (prosecutor)|Bob McCulloch]] lost re-election to reformist [[Wesley Bell]] by double-digit margins, ending McCulloch's 28-year incumbency.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fenske |first1=Sarah |title=Wesley Bell Takes Down Bob McCulloch in Prosecutor's Race |date=August 7, 2018 |url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2018/08/07/wesley-bell-takes-down-bob-mcculloch-in-prosecutors-race |publisher=[[Riverfront Times]] |access-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-date=March 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318072050/https://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2018/08/07/wesley-bell-takes-down-bob-mcculloch-in-prosecutors-race |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Destruction of QuikTrip ===
The [[QuikTrip]] where Michael Brown had a confrontation with a clerk (which led to the police call)<ref name="changed_NPR">https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5064675 10 years after Michael Brown's death, we went to Ferguson to ask: What's changed?]</ref> was looted and burned the next day,<ref name="timeline_ABC">[https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/timeline-events-ferguson-missouri-after-police-officer-fatally-112701055 Timeline of events in Ferguson, Missouri, after a police officer fatally shot Michael Brown]</ref> along with other stores in the neighborhood. Rather than rebuilding, the corporation donated the site to the [[Urban League]] of Metropolitan St. Louis and the [[Salvation Army]]. The organizations built the Ferguson Community Empowerment Center on the site, which opened in 2017.<ref name="timeline_ABC" /> The Urban League began suburban street outreach for the first time, and is also redeveloping other vacant lots.<ref name="changed_NPR" />
=== Ferguson Effect ===
{{main|Ferguson effect}}
The Ferguson effect is an increase in violent crime rates in a community caused by reduced [[proactive policing]] due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lind |first=Dara |date=May 18, 2016 |title=The "Ferguson effect," a theory that's warping the American crime debate, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/18/11683594/ferguson-effect-crime-police |access-date=July 30, 2020 |website=Vox |language=en }}</ref> The Ferguson effect was first proposed after police saw an increase in violence following the shooting of Brown in [[Ferguson, Missouri]]. The term was coined by [[Doyle Sam Dotson III]], the [[Chief of police|chief]] of the [[Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis|St. Louis police]], to account for an increased murder rate in some U.S. cities following the [[Ferguson unrest]].<ref name=bbc>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32995911 |title=Why has the murder rate in some US cities suddenly spiked? |work=BBC News |date=June 5, 2015 |access-date=December 15, 2015 |author=Gold, Ashley |archive-date=July 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715042312/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32995911 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== "Hands up, don't shoot" ===
[[File:Protesters with signs in Ferguson.jpg|thumb|"[[Hands up, don't shoot|Hands up!]]" sign displayed at a Ferguson protest]]
{{main|Hands up, don't shoot}}
"Hands up, don't shoot", or simply "hands up", is a slogan and gesture originating from the incident and was seen in demonstrations in Ferguson and throughout the United States.<ref name=Time.Rams/> The gesture became a rallying cry against police violence.<ref name=Fox.Hands/><ref name=ViceSports.Rams/><ref name=Guardian.Beyond/>
On {{nowrap|March 4}}, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a report on the shooting,<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport /> which said, "There is no witness who has stated that Brown had his hands up in surrender whose statement is otherwise consistent with the physical evidence" and "our investigation did not reveal any eyewitness who stated that Brown said 'don't shoot'."{{sfn |USDOJ |2015 | p=83}}<ref name=WashPost.Hands/>
=== Related incidents ===
{{further|2014 killings of NYPD officers|Ferguson unrest#March 2015}}
On {{nowrap|December 20}}, two NYPD officers were shot and killed in their police car in [[Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn]]. The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, posted days earlier on Instagram his intention to kill police officers in response to the killings of Brown and [[Death of Eric Garner|Eric Garner]].<ref name=WashPost.Ambush/> The suspect, who had a long criminal record and had shot his girlfriend in the stomach a few hours earlier, entered the [[New York City Subway]] and committed suicide.<ref name=NYPost.Revenge/><ref name=ABC.Ambush/><ref name=NYTimes.Ambush/>
On {{nowrap|March 12}}, 2015, two police officers were wounded by gunfire outside the Ferguson police headquarters. The officers, one from nearby Webster Groves, the other from the {{nowrap|St. Louis}} County Police, were providing security at a protest being staged outside the station.<ref name=CNN.Security/> Two days later, 20-year-old Jeffrey L. Williams was arrested in connection with the shooting.<ref name=Reuters.Suspect/> Williams' attorney said, although Williams fired the shots, he was not aiming at the officers.<ref name=ChiTrib.Suspect/>
Eighteen-year-old Tyrone Harris (friend of Brown) was shot by police in Ferguson on August 9, 2015, one year after the shooting of Michael Brown.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jeremy |last=Kohler |title=Man accused of trading shots with police in Ferguson charged, in critical condition |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=September 16, 2016 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/man-accused-of-trading-shots-with-police-in-ferguson-charged/article_1b2ea8e3-2386-565a-8184-c74c1eac8319.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530094709/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/man-accused-of-trading-shots-with-police-in-ferguson-charged/article_1b2ea8e3-2386-565a-8184-c74c1eac8319.html |archive-date=May 30, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Oliver |last=Laughland |title=Ferguson: Tyrone Harris 'shown drawing gun' in video before shooting |date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=September 16, 2016 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/12/ferguson-tyrone-harris-shown-drawing-gun-in-video-before-shooting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927132345/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/12/ferguson-tyrone-harris-shown-drawing-gun-in-video-before-shooting |archive-date=September 27, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> That same day, the [[Columbia, Missouri|Columbia (Missouri)]] Police Officers' Association (CPOA) proclaimed "Darren Wilson Day", calling Wilson an "innocent, but persecuted, officer" and insisted his ethnicity had nothing to do with their support of him.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/us/darren-wilson-day-columbia-missouri-ferguson-michael-brown.html |title=Police Group's 'Darren Wilson Day' is condemned |date=August 11, 2015 |work=The New York Times |first=Daniel |last=Victor |access-date=August 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811080104/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/11/us/darren-wilson-day-columbia-missouri-ferguson-michael-brown.html |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> An ABC affiliate reported the post was shared nearly 60 times on the site before being removed. The CPOA then posted its support for Wilson and "all law enforcement officers who endure similar situations."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/darren-wilson-day-police-post |title=Police Union In Missouri Declares 'Darren Wilson Day' On Shooting Anniversary |date=August 10, 2015 |first=Sara |last=Jerde |access-date=September 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923094910/http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/darren-wilson-day-police-post |archive-date=September 23, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Task force on policing ===
{{main|Police reform in the United States}}
In December 2014, president [[Barack Obama]] created a commission to make recommendations for broad police reform in the United States. The commission created by Obama released an interim report on {{nowrap|March 2}}, 2015, with numerous recommendations, including the recommendation that policy be created mandating "external and independent criminal investigations in cases of police use of force resulting in death, officer-involved shootings resulting in injury or death, or in-custody deaths".<ref name=DOJ.PolicingReport/>
===DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department===
On {{nowrap|September 5}}, 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice began an investigation of the Ferguson, Missouri, police force to examine whether officers routinely engaged in racial profiling or showed a pattern of excessive force. The investigation was separate from the Department's other investigation of the shooting of Brown.<ref name=CBS.FedsLaunch/> The results of the investigation were released in a {{nowrap|March 4}}, 2015, report, which concluded officers in Ferguson routinely violated the constitutional rights of the city's residents, by discriminating against African Americans and applying racial stereotypes, in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct within the Ferguson Police Department that violates the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and federal statutory law."<ref name=DOJ.FPDReport/><ref name=NYTimes.Pattern/>
The report focused on the problem of issuing warrants for sometimes minor offenses. In many states, a chief cause for warrants is unpaid traffic tickets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shawneeok.org/gov/administration/cityclerk/court/warrants/statistics.asp |title=City of Shawnee Municipal Court Online Warrants |website=www.shawneeok.org |access-date=September 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921015357/http://www.shawneeok.org/gov/administration/cityclerk/court/warrants/statistics.asp |archive-date=September 21, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Brown family lawsuit ===
On {{nowrap|April 23}}, 2015, the Brown family filed a [[wrongful death]] lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson, asking for damages in excess of $75,000 as well as attorney's fees.<ref name=CNN.Lawsuit/><ref name=LATimes.Petition/> On {{nowrap|May 27}}, 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court.<ref name=STLToday.BrownFederal/>
On {{nowrap|July 14}}, 2015, U.S. District Judge [[E. Richard Webber]] responded to defense motions by dismissing four of the seven counts of the lawsuit and declining to dismiss two other counts.<ref name=ABC.BrownNarrows/><ref name=STLToday.BrownDismisses/> On {{nowrap|June 20}}, 2017, Webber approved a settlement between Brown's parents and the city of Ferguson. Terms of the agreement, including the settlement amount, were sealed from the public.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Patrick |first1=Robert |title=Wrongful death lawsuit over death of Michael Brown settled in secret |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/wrongful-death-lawsuit-over-death-of-michael-brown-settled-in/article_2cf3db2a-f019-58b8-97fc-56db5b3bbe05.html |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=June 21, 2017 |access-date=June 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622192328/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/wrongful-death-lawsuit-over-death-of-michael-brown-settled-in/article_2cf3db2a-f019-58b8-97fc-56db5b3bbe05.html |archive-date=June 22, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Simpson |first1=Ian |title=Ferguson settles lawsuit over black teen killed by police in Missouri |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-missouri-ferguson-idUSKBN19B3BG |publisher=Reuters |date=June 20, 2017 |access-date=June 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621131047/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-missouri-ferguson-idUSKBN19B3BG |archive-date=June 21, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> A Ferguson city attorney revealed the city's insurance company paid $1.5 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbrc.com/story/35734423/ferguson-attorney-brown-family-settlement-15-million |title=Ferguson attorney: Brown family settlement $1.5 million - WBRC FOX6 News - Birmingham, AL |access-date=June 24, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623170758/http://www.wbrc.com/story/35734423/ferguson-attorney-brown-family-settlement-15-million |archive-date=June 23, 2017 }}</ref>
=== Dorian Johnson lawsuit ===
On {{nowrap|April 29}}, 2015, Johnson filed a lawsuit in state court against Wilson, Jackson, and the City of Ferguson for being stopped by Wilson without probable cause, reasonable suspicion or legal justification to detain him. The lawsuit claimed that, according to the findings of the {{section link||DOJ investigation into the Ferguson Police Department}}, law enforcement efforts focused on generating revenue rather than protecting the town's citizens. Johnson sought {{USD}}25,000 in damages.<ref name=HuffPost.Sues/><ref name=STLToday.Lawsuit/><ref name=Scribd.JohnsonVs/> On {{nowrap|May 27}}, 2015, the lawsuit was moved from state court to federal court.<ref name=STLToday.JohnsonFederal/> The court denied the defendants' motion to dismiss the case; they appealed, and a three-judge panel of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court on July 25, 2017,<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Johnson v. City of Ferguson |vol=864 |reporter=F.3d |opinion=866 |court=8th Cir. |date=2017 |url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/infco20170725177 |access-date=November 8, 2018 |via=Leagle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108210609/https://www.leagle.com/decision/infco20170725177 |url-status=live }}</ref> allowing the lawsuit to go forward. The [[en banc]] Eighth Circuit reviewed and reversed the panel's decision on June 17, 2019, directing the district court to dismiss the case.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Johnson v. City of Ferguson |court=8th Cir. |date=2019 |url=https://casetext.com/case/johnson-v-city-of-ferguson-2 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |via=Casetext |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029145520/https://casetext.com/case/johnson-v-city-of-ferguson-2 |url-status=live }}.</ref>
=== Appointment of African-American police chiefs ===
On May 9, 2016, [[Delrish Moss]], a Miami law enforcement veteran and expert in community relations,<ref>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Names Black Police Chief |date=March 31, 2016 |website=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/us/missouri-an-officer-from-miami-is-the-new-police-chief-for-ferguson.html |access-date=March 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801051145/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/us/missouri-an-officer-from-miami-is-the-new-police-chief-for-ferguson.html |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> was sworn in as the first permanent African American chief in Ferguson. He said his challenges would include diversifying the police force and dramatically improving community relations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ferguson's first black police chief to be sworn in Monday |date=May 9, 2016 |access-date=September 16, 2016 |website=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/delrish-moss-fergusons-first-black-police-chief-to-be-sworn-in-monday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175113/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/delrish-moss-fergusons-first-black-police-chief-to-be-sworn-in-monday/ |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Moss resigned and returned to Miami in October 2018.
In 2023, Troy Doyle became the new police chief. According to Doyle, as a teenager growing up in northern St. Louis County, he was pulled over so many times on his commute that he bought a radar detector to avoid police. He says while he was stopped in a parking lot, a police officer pulled up and demanded identification for no apparent reason, noticed the radar detector, and [[Civil forfeiture in the United States|took it without compensation]] after falsely stating it had shown up as stolen. Doyle says the incident is what inspired him to public service.<ref name="changed_NPR" />
The police department went from having three African-American officers in 2014 to roughly half in 2024, with only four officers still on board who had been serving at the time of the Brown shooting.<ref name="changed_NPR" />
=== Lezley McSpadden announces run for Ferguson City Council ===
On April 25, 2018, Brown's mother, Lezley McSpadden, announced to a Harvard University forum on police violence that she would run for City Council of Ferguson.<ref name=McSpadden.CityCouncilRun/> She did not win.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/4/2/18292723/michael-brown-lesley-mcspadden-ferguson-city-council-loss |title=Michael Brown was shot by Ferguson police. It inspired his mother to run for office |access-date=April 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406043633/https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/4/2/18292723/michael-brown-lesley-mcspadden-ferguson-city-council-loss |archive-date=April 6, 2019 |url-status=live |date=April 2, 2019 }}</ref>
== In popular culture ==
The same month Brown was shot dead, American rappers [[The Game (rapper)|The Game]], [[Rick Ross]], [[2 Chainz]], [[Sean Combs|Diddy]], [[Fabolous]], [[Wale (rapper)|Wale]], [[DJ Khaled]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[Yo Gotti]], [[Curren$y]], [[Problem (rapper)|Problem]], King {{not a typo|Pharoah}} and recording group [[TGT (group)|TGT]] released the song "[[Don't Shoot (The Game song)|Don't Shoot]]" as a tribute to Brown.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Weingarten |first=Christopher R. |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |title=Hear the Game, Rick Ross, Diddy and More Join Forces for Ferguson on 'Don't Shoot' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/premieres/the-game-rick-ross-diddy-2-chainz-dont-shoot-premiere-20140827 |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=June 10, 2020 |archive-date=March 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307204014/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/premieres/the-game-rick-ross-diddy-2-chainz-dont-shoot-premiere-20140827 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On ''De L'Amour'' — his final studio album released before his death in 2017 — the French rock and roll singer [[Johnny Hallyday]] sings "Dans la peau de Mike Brown", a song against racial crimes and in memory of Mike Brown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rock-roll-hall-fame-lacks-a-crucial-form-diversity-writes-gop-strategist-guest-column-991958 |title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Lacks a Crucial Form of Diversity, Writes GOP Strategist (Guest Column) |last=Heye |first=Doug |date=April 7, 2017 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025749/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/rock-roll-hall-fame-lacks-a-crucial-form-diversity-writes-gop-strategist-guest-column-991958 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On November 28, 2014, musician and filmmaker [[Richard Rossi]] was in the news regarding the controversy over the shooting of Michael Brown. Rossi wrote and recorded a [[protest song]] expressing his feelings about a grand jury's decision not to charge a white police officer in the death of the unarmed black teen in [[Ferguson, Missouri]]. "I wrote the song in five minutes as a way to express my emotions about the danger of trigger-happy police," Rossi said. "I filmed it on my laptop at my kitchen table and uploaded it to YouTube." Rossi uploaded the video on November 26, and provided the song's lyrics in the video description. Here is a sample from the song's beginning, printed in the ''[[Los Angeles Daily News]]'': "Down at the courthouse on a Monday afternoon/Justice was thrown right out the window when a young white cop entered the room."<ref>{{cite news |title=Valley Village singer responds to Ferguson with YouTube protest song |url=http://www.dailynews.com/government-and-politics/20141128/valley-village-singer-responds-to-ferguson-with-youtube-protest-song |access-date=December 24, 2015 |newspaper=Los Angeles Daily News |date=November 28, 2014 |archive-date=January 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115010922/http://www.dailynews.com/government-and-politics/20141128/valley-village-singer-responds-to-ferguson-with-youtube-protest-song |url-status=live }}</ref>
In [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]'s song about the [[2015 Baltimore protests]], "Baltimore", he sings "does anybody hear us pray for Michael Brown or [[Death of Freddie Gray|Freddie Gray]]?".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/05/09/405433309/songs-we-love-prince-baltimore |title=Songs We Love: Prince, 'Baltimore' |last=[[Ann Powers|Powers, Ann]] |date=May 9, 2015 |website=NPR |language=en |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025753/https://www.npr.org/2015/05/09/405433309/songs-we-love-prince-baltimore |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bs-ae-prince-baltimore-20160421-story.html |title=Prince touched Baltimore with concert, song after Freddie Gray's death, unrest |last=Case |first=Wesley |date=April 21, 2016 |website=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025751/https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bs-ae-prince-baltimore-20160421-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2015, actor [[Ezra Miller]] directed a short film titled ''The Truth According to Darren Wilson''. In the film, Wilson recounts his version of events, ending in him being called into a room to tell it to investigators, implying that Wilson unlawfully murdered Brown, and that he later lied about the events of that day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribecafilm.com/stories/the-truth-according-to-darren-wilson-a-narrative-ferguson-mike-brown |title='The Truth According To Darren Wilson' Directed by Ezra Miller and Sol Guy |date=August 7, 2015 |website=Tribeca |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025755/https://www.tribecafilm.com/stories/the-truth-according-to-darren-wilson-a-narrative-ferguson-mike-brown |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pride.com/celebrities/2018/11/19/ezra-miller-under-fire-sympathizing-mike-browns-killer |title=Ezra Miller Under Fire for 'Sympathizing' with Mike Brown's Killer |last=Henderson |first=Taylor |date=November 19, 2018 |website=Pride |language=en |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025801/https://www.pride.com/celebrities/2018/11/19/ezra-miller-under-fire-sympathizing-mike-browns-killer |url-status=live }}</ref>
Brown's death is the subject of the song "What It Means" by [[Drive-By Truckers]] on their 2016 album ''[[American Band (album)|American Band]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/hear-drive-by-truckers-searching-what-it-means-251925/ |title=Hear Drive-By Truckers' Searching 'What It Means' |last=Freeman |first=Jon |date=August 2, 2016 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025749/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/hear-drive-by-truckers-searching-what-it-means-251925/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/09/22/494571497/first-listen-drive-by-truckers-american-band |title=Review: Drive-By Truckers, 'American Band' |last=Gotrich |first=Lars |date=September 22, 2016 |website=NPR |language=en |access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806025751/https://www.npr.org/2016/09/22/494571497/first-listen-drive-by-truckers-american-band |url-status=live }}</ref>
Iconographer Mark Dukes created the icon ''[[Our Lady of Ferguson]]'' in response to the shooting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nebraskaepiscopalian.org/?cat=32&paged=2 |title=ICON MEDITATION: OUR LADY OF FERGUSON AND ALL THOSE KILLED BY GUN VIOLENCE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930231418/http://nebraskaepiscopalian.org/?cat=32&paged=2|website=nebraskaepiscopalian.org|archive-date=September 30, 2020 }}</ref>
Poet [[Danez Smith]] published a poem entitled "not an Elegy for Mike Brown", written the night of the incident.<ref>[https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/not-elegy-mike-brown "not an Elegy for Mike Brown"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406200923/https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/not-elegy-mike-brown |date=April 6, 2019 }}.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reed, Carey |date=August 9, 2015 |title='There still is a lot stacked against us': Ferguson inspires year of art |work=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/still-lot-stacked-us-ferguson-inspires-year-art |access-date=March 27, 2021 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413222350/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/arts/still-lot-stacked-us-ferguson-inspires-year-art |url-status=live }}</ref>
Seattle based rapper [[Macklemore]] mentions Wilson in the song "White Privilege II" from his second collaborative effort with producer [[Ryan Lewis]], 2016's ''[[This Unruly Mess I've Made]]'': "My success is the product of the same system that let off Darren Wilson – guilty"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genius.com/8562025/Macklemore-and-ryan-lewis-white-privilege-ii/My-success-is-the-product-of-the-same-system-that-let-off-darren-wilson-guilty |title=My success is the product of the same system that let off Darren Wilson – guilty |website=Genius |language=en |access-date=May 20, 2019 |archive-date=March 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329073238/http://genius.com/8562025/Macklemore-and-ryan-lewis-white-privilege-ii/My-success-is-the-product-of-the-same-system-that-let-off-darren-wilson-guilty |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2016, a chapter about [[Black Lives Matter]] memorials to Brown and others was included in the book, "The Sustainers: Being, Building and Doing Good through the Sacred Spaces of Civil Rights, Human Rights and Social Movements," by preservationist [[Catherine Fleming Bruce]]. The book won the 2017 [[University of Mary Washington]] Historic Preservation Book Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanter |first=Hilary |date=May 10, 2017 |title=UMW Awards Historic Preservation Book Prize |url=https://www.umw.edu/news/2017/05/10/umw-awards-historic-preservation-book-prize-2/ |access-date=May 13, 2024 |website=University of Mary Washington }}</ref>
English folk singer [[Reg Meuross]] included a song called "The Lonesome Death of Michael Brown" on his 2017 album ''Faraway People''.<ref name="Faraway FRUK">{{cite web |url=https://www.folkradio.co.uk/2017/07/reg-meuross-faraway-people/ |title=Reg Meuross: Faraway People (Album Review) - Folk Radio UK |last=Davies |first=Mike |website=Folk Radio UK |date=July 29, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630103902/https://www.folkradio.co.uk/2017/07/reg-meuross-faraway-people/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The song's title acknowledges Bob Dylan's song against racism in the 1960s, "[[The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll]]", which describes the death in Baltimore of a bartender at the hands of a drunk patron, who struck her with a cane causing her to die of a brain hemorrhage.
Poet [[Nicole Sealey]] wrote ''The Ferguson Report: An Erasure'', a book length [[Erasure poetry|erasure]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sealey |first1=Nicole |title=The Ferguson Report: An Erasure |date=August 15, 2023 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0593535998 }}</ref> of the Ferguson Report <ref>{{cite web |title=Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |publisher=United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division |access-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811053256/https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |archive-date=August 11, 2023 |date=March 4, 2015 }}</ref> which comments on the Killing of Michael Brown and the subsequent [[Ferguson unrest]]. Her poem "Pages 22–29", an excerpt from the book, won a [[Forward Prize for Poetry]] in October 2021.<ref name="Bayley 2021">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/kennard-femi-and-sealey-win-forward-prizes-poetry-1285717 |title=Kennard, Femi and Sealey win Forward Prizes for Poetry |magazine=[[The Bookseller]] |first=Sian |last=Bayley |date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=October 25, 2021 |archive-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809163702/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/kennard-femi-and-sealey-win-forward-prizes-poetry-1285717 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==
{{Portal|United States|Missouri}}
* [[List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States]]
* [[Black Lives Matter]]
* [[List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States]]
* [[List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States]]
* [[List of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, August 2014]]
* [[Mothers of the Movement]]
* [[Killing of Alton Sterling]]
* [[Killing of Philando Castile]]
* [[Killing of Tamir Rice]]
* [[Killing of Walter Scott]]
* [[Murder of George Floyd]]
* [[Murder of Laquan McDonald]]
* [[Killing of Breonna Taylor]]
<!-- comment out for now - Relevancy/UNDUE
The owners of the convenience store told [[KTVI]] no one working at the store reported a robbery, but that the 911 call came from a customer inside the store.<ref name=KTVI.Owners/>
In late August, Ferguson police officers began wearing body-mounted video cameras donated by Safety Visions and Digital Ally. Fifty cameras were donated and a camera made available to each officer.<ref name=USAToday.Cameras/><ref name=STLToday.Cameras/>
-->
<!-- Bit undue / Needs placement / work
On {{nowrap|October 18}}, an altercation between Brown's relatives over the sale of merchandise bearing his likeness resulted in his cousin being beaten with a metal pipe or pole and taken to the hospital for treatment. A witness said merchandise and about $1,400 in cash were taken in the course of the incident.<ref name=KTVI.Assault/>
A petition exceeding 150,000 signatures was created on [[We the People (petitioning system)|We the People]], a petitioning system on the official White House website, calling for a federal law requiring police officers to wear body-mounted video cameras while on duty.<ref name=HuffPost.Petition/> On {{nowrap|August 18}}, [[Pew Research]] published the results of a poll which shows divide in public opinion white and black and Democrats and Republics on the topics of race and police response to the incident.<ref name=PewResearch.Stark/>
-->
<!-- image holding section, see talk
[[File:BoiseFergusonRally.jpg|thumb| A solidarity rally in Boise, Idaho]]
[[File:Memorial to Michael Brown.jpg|thumb|A makeshift memorial placed during protests]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 55.png|thumb|A speech held inside the local church, {{nowrap|August 15}}]]
[[File:Protest at Ferguson police dept.jpg|thumb|Protesters gather at the Ferguson police department]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 32.png|thumb|{{nowrap|August 15}} protests in Ferguson]]
[[File:Ferguson Day 6, Picture 44.png|thumb|Clashes between police and protesters]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 13.png|thumb|A looted and burned gas station in Ferguson]]
[[File:Sharpshooter facing camera.jpg|thumb|Police sharpshooter atop a SWAT vehicle during protests at Ferguson]]
[[File:NYC Mike Brown-Ferguson protest City Hall.JPG|thumb|Protesters in City Hall, New York City]]
[[File:Ferguson, Day 4, Photo 55.png|thumb|A speech held inside the local church, {{nowrap|August 15}}]]
[[File:Protest at Ferguson police dept.jpg|thumb|Protesters gather at the Ferguson police department]] -->
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
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{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=538.Rare>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Casselman |title=It's Incredibly Rare For A Grand Jury To Do What Ferguson's Just Did |date=November 24, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2014 |website=FiveThirtyEight |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ferguson-michael-brown-indictment-darren-wilson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218182343/http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ferguson-michael-brown-indictment-darren-wilson/ |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.Ambush>{{cite news |first=Dean |last=Schabner |title=Two NYPD Cops 'Assassinated' in Brooklyn Ambush |date=December 21, 2014 |access-date=April 11, 2015 |publisher=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/nypd-cops-assassinated-brooklyn-ambush/story?id=27738835 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411125008/https://abcnews.go.com/US/nypd-cops-assassinated-brooklyn-ambush/story?id=27738835 |archive-date=April 11, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.BrownNarrows>{{cite news |first=Alan Scher |last=Zagier |title=US Judge Narrows Michael Brown Family Suit Against Ferguson |date=July 14, 2015 |access-date=July 22, 2015 |publisher=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/federal-judge-narrows-brown-family-lawsuit-ferguson-32447087 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716163602/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/federal-judge-narrows-brown-family-lawsuit-ferguson-32447087 |archive-date=July 16, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.Discusses>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Good |title=Exclusive: Police Officer Darren Wilson Discusses Firing Deadly Shot |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=November 27, 2014 |publisher=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/exclusive-police-officer-darren-wilson-discusses-moment-shot/story?id=27186946 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127111522/https://abcnews.go.com/US/exclusive-police-officer-darren-wilson-discusses-moment-shot/story?id=27186946 |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.Federal>{{cite news |first=Alan Scher |last=Zagier |title=Federal Autopsy Released in Ferguson Shooting |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |publisher=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/key-interview-missing-ferguson-documents-27450239 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212083523/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/key-interview-missing-ferguson-documents-27450239 |archive-date=December 12, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.NotCharge>{{cite news |first1=Mike |last1=Levine |first2=Pierre |last2=Thomas |first3=Jack |last3=Cloherty |first4=Jack |last4=Date |title=Ferguson Report: DOJ Will Not Charge Darren Wilson in Michael Brown Shooting |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=March 22, 2015 |publisher=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/ferguson-report-doj-charge-darren-wilson-michael-brown/story?id=29338078 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124348/https://abcnews.go.com/US/ferguson-report-doj-charge-darren-wilson-michael-brown/story?id=29338078 |archive-date=March 20, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.Obama>{{cite news |first1=Matthew |last1=Larotonda |first2=Chris |last2=Good |title=Obama Says 'We May Never Know What Happened' in Ferguson, But Defends DOJ |date=March 6, 2015 |access-date=April 11, 2015 |publisher=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/obama-happened-ferguson-defends-doj/story?id=29441456 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411120747/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/obama-happened-ferguson-defends-doj/story?id=29441456 |archive-date=April 11, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ABC.Survived>{{cite news |first1=Colleen |last1=Curry |first2=Sabina |last2=Ghebremedhin |title=Michael Brown Could Have Survived First 5 Shots, Last Shot Killed Him, Autopsy Says |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=ABC News |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/michael-brown-survived-shots-shot-killed/story?id=25017247 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126152214/https://abcnews.go.com/US/michael-brown-survived-shots-shot-killed/story?id=25017247 |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ACLU.Report>{{cite web |title=ACLU Receives Ferguson Police Department's Incident Report on Fatal Michael Brown Shooting |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=December 28, 2014 |website=ACLU of Missouri |url=http://www.aclu-mo.org/newsviews/2014/08/22/aclu-receives-ferguson-police-departments-incident-report-fa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228180112/http://www.aclu-mo.org/newsviews/2014/08/22/aclu-receives-ferguson-police-departments-incident-report-fa |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=AlJazeera.Stepdad>{{cite news |author=The America Tonight Digital Team |title=What Michael Brown's stepdad said before he climbed onto the car |date=December 3, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/12/3/what-michael-brownsstepdadsaidbeforeheclimbedontothecar.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212090100/http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/12/3/what-michael-brownsstepdadsaidbeforeheclimbedontothecar.html |archive-date=December 12, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Amnesty.Abuses>{{cite web |title=On the Streets of America: Human Rights Abuses in Ferguson |date=October 24, 2014 |access-date=October 25, 2014 |publisher=Amnesty International |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/on-the-streets-of-america-human-rights-abuses-in-ferguson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024065957/http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/on-the-streets-of-america-human-rights-abuses-in-ferguson |archive-date=October 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Amnesty.Delegation>{{cite web |title=Amnesty International Sends Human Rights Delegation to Ferguson, Missouri |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=Amnesty International |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/amnesty-international-sends-human-rights-delegation-to-ferguson-missouri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125654/http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/amnesty-international-sends-human-rights-delegation-to-ferguson-missouri |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=AP.Papers>{{cite news |first1=Holbrook |last1=Mohr |first2=David A. |last2=Lieb |first3=Phillip |last3=Lucas |title=Ferguson grand jury papers full of inconsistencies |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=November 27, 2014 |website=AP News |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/078c82ad45ff4ec6aa1c7744dfa7df14/grand-jury-documents-rife-inconsistencies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127015755/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/078c82ad45ff4ec6aa1c7744dfa7df14/grand-jury-documents-rife-inconsistencies |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=AP.Poll>{{cite news |first=David |last=Crary |title=AP poll: Police killings of blacks voted top story of 2014 |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=December 22, 2014 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ad250438af4e4fae95d7e41f537661ef/ap-poll-police-killings-blacks-voted-top-story-2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222162431/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ad250438af4e4fae95d7e41f537661ef/ap-poll-police-killings-blacks-voted-top-story-2014 |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Atlantic.Injury>{{cite news |first=James |last=Hamblin |title=The Photos of Darren Wilson's Injury |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 28, 2014 |website=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/the-photos-of-darren-wilsons-injury/383155/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228200821/http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/the-photos-of-darren-wilsons-injury/383155/ |archive-date=December 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=BBC.Protests>{{cite news |title=Ferguson shooting: Protests spread across US |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30203526 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126070426/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-30203526 |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Bloomberg.HulkHogan>{{cite news |first1=Andrew |last1=Harris |first2=Edvard |last2=Pettersson |title=Ferguson Officer Compared Brown to Hulk Hogan |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2014-11-25/ferguson-cop-told-grand-jury-he-feared-for-his-life |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127064556/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-11-25/ferguson-cop-told-grand-jury-he-feared-for-his-life.html |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=BostonGlobe.Autopsy>{{cite news |first1=Frances |last1=Robles |first2=Julie |last2=Bosman |title=Michael Brown was shot 6 times by Ferguson officer, preliminary autopsy shows |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/08/17/michael-brown-was-shot-times-ferguson-officer-preliminary-autopsy-shows/izi6zze4Z2QebrpaWtG2nI/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819100401/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/08/17/michael-brown-was-shot-times-ferguson-officer-preliminary-autopsy-shows/izi6zze4Z2QebrpaWtG2nI/story.html |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=BostonGlobe.Unorthodox>{{cite news |first1=Tom |last1=Hamburger |first2=John |last2=Sullivan |title=Unorthodox forensic practices shown in Ferguson documents |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/11/26/unorthodox-forensic-practices-shown-ferguson-documents/JEgxCWRIx9y9xYF9QjToeJ/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204212244/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2014/11/26/unorthodox-forensic-practices-shown-ferguson-documents/JEgxCWRIx9y9xYF9QjToeJ/story.html |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=BuzzFeed.Amnesty>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Geidner |title=Amnesty International Takes "Unprecedented" U.S. Action In Ferguson |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=BuzzFeed News |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-us-action-in-fergu#3vzdute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821234046/http://www.buzzfeed.com/chrisgeidner/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-us-action-in-fergu#3ochg8t |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CBS.Autopsy>{{cite news |author=CBS/AP |title=Michael Brown autopsy results revealed; National Guard deployed |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |publisher=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/preliminary-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-shot-six-times/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819035833/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/preliminary-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-shot-six-times/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CBS.Documents>{{cite news |title=Documents describe Ferguson officer's version of fatal shooting |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=CBS News |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/documents-describe-ferguson-officers-version-of-fatal-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125072219/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/documents-describe-ferguson-officers-version-of-fatal-shooting/ |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CBS.FedsLaunch>{{cite news |author1=CBS staff |author2=AP |title=Feds launch investigation into Ferguson police department |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |publisher=CBS News |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-missouri-shooting-feds-launch-investigation-into-police-department/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905144645/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ferguson-missouri-shooting-feds-launch-investigation-into-police-department/ |archive-date=September 5, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CBS.Suspect>{{cite news |author=CBS/AP |title=Ferguson police say teen shot by cop was suspect in robbery; officer's identity revealed |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |publisher=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/darren-wilson-ferguson-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown-identified/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816073643/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/darren-wilson-ferguson-police-officer-who-fatally-shot-michael-brown-identified/ |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ChiTrib.Protests>{{cite news |author=Tribune wire reports |title=Protests near St. Louis continue for slain teen after riot, arrests |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Chicago Tribune |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825195539/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-missouri-police-shooting-20140811-story.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=ChiTrib.Suspect>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-ferguson-cop-shooting-suspect-20150316-story.html |title=Attorney: Ferguson shooting suspect didn't target officers |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=March 16, 2015 |access-date=October 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030040846/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-ferguson-cop-shooting-suspect-20150316-story.html |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Alleged>{{cite news |title=American Killed Fighting for ISIS; Interview with Rear Admiral John Kirby, Pentagon Press Secretary; FBI Analyzing Alleged New Audio of Brown Shooting |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/27/nday.05.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828114136/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/27/nday.05.html |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Analyzing>{{cite news |first=Holly |last=Yan |title=FBI analyzing alleged audio of Michael Brown shooting |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/27/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828114254/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/27/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/ |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Audio>{{cite news |first=Holly |last=Yan |title=Attorney: New audio reveals pause in gunfire when Michael Brown was shot |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/26/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827180011/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/26/us/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting/index.html |archive-date=August 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Captured>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Hanna |title=Audio captured about time of Michael Brown shooting, company says |date=August 28, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828212822/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/28/justice/michael-brown-ferguson-shooting-audio/index.html |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Credibility>{{cite news |first=Josh |last=Levs |title=One challenge for Ferguson grand jury: Some witnesses' credibility |date=December 14, 2014 |access-date=April 28, 2015 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-witnesses-credibility/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420204852/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/14/justice/ferguson-witnesses-credibility/ |archive-date=April 20, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Fires>{{cite news |first1=Moni |last1=Basu |first2=Holly |last2=Yan |first3=Dana |last3=Ford |title=Fires, chaos erupt in Ferguson after grand jury doesn't indict in Michael Brown case |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/justice/ferguson-grand-jury/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202204603/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/justice/ferguson-grand-jury/ |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Friend>{{cite news |publisher=KMOV |title=Michael Brown's friend describes shooting |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |via=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825184335/http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/sot-dorian-johnson-michael-brown-shooting.kmov.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Hope>{{cite news |first1=Eliott C. |last1=McLaughlin |first2=Michael |last2=Pearson |first3=Susanna |last3=Capelouto |title=Michael Brown's funeral: Hope, tears and a call for social change |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/25/us/ferguson-michael-brown-funeral |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826012704/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/25/us/ferguson-michael-brown-funeral/ |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Lawsuit>{{cite news |first1=Eliott C. |last1=McLaughlin |first2=Ed |last2=Payne |title=Michael Brown family files lawsuit, seeks at least $75,000 in Ferguson case |date=April 23, 2015 |access-date=April 23, 2015 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/23/us/ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423053735/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/23/us/ferguson-missouri-michael-brown-parents-civil-lawsuit/index.html |archive-date=April 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Narratives>{{cite news |title=Dueling narratives in Michael Brown shooting |date=September 16, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/19/us/ferguson-michael-brown-dueling-narratives/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016235340/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/19/us/ferguson-michael-brown-dueling-narratives/ |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Resigns>{{cite news |first1=Ralph |last1=Ellis |first2=Brian |last2=Todd |first3=Faith |last3=Karimi |title=Citing security concerns, Darren Wilson resigns from Ferguson police force |date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/29/us/ferguson-protests |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130200016/http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/29/us/ferguson-protests/ |archive-date=November 30, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Security>{{cite news |first1=Greg |last1=Botelho |first2=Catherine E. |last2=Shoichet |title=State, county police take over Ferguson protest security after shooting |date=March 12, 2015 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318231142/http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/12/us/ferguson-protests/ |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Shooting>{{cite news |first=Eliott C. |last=McLaughlin |title=What we know about Michael Brown's shooting |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-ferguson-michael-brown-what-we-know/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825101929/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-ferguson-michael-brown-what-we-know/index.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Sorry>{{cite news |first1=Jason |last1=Hanna |first2=Evan |last2=Perez |first3=Shimon |last3=Prokupecz |title=Michael Brown's stepfather sorry for outburst in Ferguson protests |date=December 4, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/03/justice/ferguson-protests/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205003622/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/03/justice/ferguson-protests/ |archive-date=December 5, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Stepfather>{{cite news |first=Ray |last=Sanchez |title=Michael Brown's stepfather at rally: 'Burn this bitch down!' |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=December 1, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204004800/http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/25/us/michael-brown-stepfather-video/ |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Streets>{{cite news |first1=Ashley |last1=Fantz |first2=George |last2=Howell |first3=Catherine E. |last3=Shoichet |title=Gunshots, tear gas in Missouri town where police shot teen |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817214122/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/us/missouri-teen-shooting/ |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Symphony>{{cite news |first=Saeed |last=Ahmed |title=Ferguson flash mob disrupts St. Louis symphony with Michael Brown requiem |date=October 6, 2014 |access-date=December 13, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/06/us/michael-brown-symphony-performance/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201214844/http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/06/us/michael-brown-symphony-performance/ |archive-date=December 1, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Testimony>{{cite news |first=Rachel |last=Clarke |title=Wilson's testimony changes little, though evidence questions some points |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/27/us/darren-wilson-testimony-compared/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204200253/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/27/us/darren-wilson-testimony-compared/ |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Threats>{{cite news |first1=Catherine E. |last1=Shoichet |first2=Ben |last2=Brumfield |first3=Tristan |last3=Smith |title=Tear gas fills Ferguson's streets again |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=CNN U.S. |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827115453/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/13/us/missouri-teen-shooting/index.html |archive-date=August 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Told>{{cite news |first1=Rachel |last1=Clarke |first2=Mariano |last2=Castillo |title=Michael Brown shooting: What Darren Wilson told the Ferguson grand jury |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 6, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207033641/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/25/justice/ferguson-grand-jury-documents/ |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Transcript>[transcript] {{cite news |publisher=CNN |title=National Guard troop are now in charge in Ferguson, Missouri security; Result of autopsy performed by Michael Baden to Michael Brown's body was released; A Woman told officer Darren Wilson's side of the story on the incident; |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/18/cnr.05.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119173133/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1408/18/cnr.05.html |archive-date=November 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Unfair>{{cite news |first=Raul A. |last=Reyes |title=Ferguson message: Justice system unfair to minorities |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 27, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/opinion/reyes-ferguson-grand-jury/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201133821/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/24/opinion/reyes-ferguson-grand-jury/ |archive-date=December 1, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=CNN.Violence>{{cite news |author=Anderson Cooper 360 |title=Police Chief: Michael Brown was 'unarmed' |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2014/08/12/ac-michael-brown-killed-thomas-jackson-intv.cnn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813040058/http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2014/08/12/ac-michael-brown-killed-thomas-jackson-intv.cnn.html |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=County.Autopsy>{{cite web |title=Brown, Michael — Post Mortem Examination — Exam Case:2014–5143 |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=December 1, 2014 |publisher=St. Louis County, Office of the Medical Examiner |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591/2014-5143-autopsy-report.pdf |format=PDF-15.3 MB-6 pages |pages=3–4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217002056/https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591/2014-5143-autopsy-report.pdf |archive-date=December 17, 2014 |url-status=live}}([http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html HTML version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127170320/http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1370591-2014-5143-autopsy-report.html |date=November 27, 2014 }})</ref>
<ref name=CSM.Deliberations>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Trumbull |title=Ferguson Grand Jury: What Do We Know about Michael Brown Deliberations? |date=November 19, 2014 |access-date=December 14, 2014 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-390794676.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329080956/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-390794676.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=CSM.Rarely>{{cite news |first=Harry |last=Bruinius |title=Eric Garner case 101: Why grand juries rarely indict police officers (+video) |date=December 9, 2014 |access-date=December 16, 2014 |website=The Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2014/1209/Eric-Garner-case-101-Why-grand-juries-rarely-indict-police-officers-video |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216200433/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2014/1209/Eric-Garner-case-101-Why-grand-juries-rarely-indict-police-officers-video |archive-date=December 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=DevinJames.Karr>{{cite web |title=Ferguson City Attorney Stephanie Karr makes Statement on FOI Requests |date=September 5, 2014 |access-date=December 29, 2014 |website=Devin James Group |url=http://www.devinjamesgroup.com/ferguson-city-attorney-stephanie-karr-makes-statement-on-foi-requests/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215014940/http://www.devinjamesgroup.com/ferguson-city-attorney-stephanie-karr-makes-statement-on-foi-requests/ |archive-date=December 15, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=DFP.Feds>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Pearce |title=Feds blast Ferguson leaks as attempt to sway public |date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=October 24, 2014 |website=Detroit Free Press |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/23/feds-blast-ferguson-leaks-attempt-sway-public-opinion/17769683/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024202015/http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/23/feds-blast-ferguson-leaks-attempt-sway-public-opinion/17769683/ |archive-date=October 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=DFP.Withheld>{{cite news |first=David |last=Hammer |title=Ferguson grand jury documents withheld |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |website=Detroit Free Press |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/08/michael-brown-ferguson-police-protest-grand-jury-documents/20084669/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209033526/http://www.freep.com/story/news/nation/2014/12/08/michael-brown-ferguson-police-protest-grand-jury-documents/20084669/ |archive-date=December 9, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=DNEgypt.Restraint>{{cite news |title=Egypt calls for restraint in Ferguson |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Daily News Egypt |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/08/19/egypt-calls-restraint-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826235653/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/08/19/egypt-calls-restraint-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=DOJ.FPDReport>{{cite web |title=Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department |date=March 4, 2015 |website=United States Department of Justice |publisher=USDOJ Civil Rights Division |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310040150/http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=DOJ.PolicingReport>{{cite web |title=Interim Report of the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing |date=March 4, 2015 |website=United States Department of Justice |publisher=Office of Community Oriented Policing Services |url=http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305034839/http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/Interim_TF_Report.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=DOJ.ShootingReport>{{cite web |title=Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation Into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=March 29, 2015 |website=United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/doj_report_on_shooting_of_michael_brown_1.pdf |ref={{harvid |USDOJ |2015}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315022048/http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/doj_report_on_shooting_of_michael_brown_1.pdf |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Economist.Belong>{{cite news |title=We don't belong here |date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=November 29, 2014 |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21635007-rioting-one-run-down-suburb-st-louis-shows-enduring-rift-between-blacks-and |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022352/http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21635007-rioting-one-run-down-suburb-st-louis-shows-enduring-rift-between-blacks-and |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fortune.Deaths>{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Parloff |title=Two deaths: The crucial difference between Eric Garner's case and Michael Brown's |date=December 5, 2014 |access-date=December 12, 2014 |website=Fortune |url=http://fortune.com/2014/12/05/two-deaths-the-crucial-difference-between-eric-garners-case-and-michael-browns/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213023054/http://fortune.com/2014/12/05/two-deaths-the-crucial-difference-between-eric-garners-case-and-michael-browns/ |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fox.Cedes>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson cedes much of his authority |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2014 |publisher=Fox News Channel |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/ferguson-police-chief-thomas-jackson-cedes-much-of-his-authority/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819143804/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/ferguson-police-chief-thomas-jackson-cedes-much-his-authority/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fox.Curfew>{{cite news |title=Gov. Nixon declares state of emergency, imposes curfew in Ferguson |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/gov-nixon-declares-state-of-emergency-imposes-curfew-in-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819095238/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/08/16/gov-nixon-declares-emergency-imposes-curfew-in-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fox.Gunshots>{{cite news |title=Gunshots, looting after grand jury in Ferguson case does not indict officer in Michael Brown shooting |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/gunshots-looting-after-grand-jury-in-ferguson-case-does-not-indict-officer-in-michael-brown-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125112944/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-decision/ |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fox.Hands>{{cite news |title='Hands Up, Don't Shoot' becomes rallying cry despite questions whether hands were raised high |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |publisher=Fox News Channel |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/hands-up-dont-shoot-becomes-rallying-cry-despite-questions-whether-hands-were-raised-high/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115175929/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/27/hands-up-dont-shoot-becomes-rallying-cry-despite-questions-whether-hands-were/ |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fox.Witness>{{cite news |title=What the grand jury heard: Ferguson witness accounts differ from story on street |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=Fox News Channel |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/what-the-grand-jury-heard-ferguson-witness-accounts-differ-from-story-on-street/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126044421/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/11/25/what-grand-jury-heard-ferguson-witnesses-account-differs-from-story-on-street/ |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Glide.Verifies>{{cite web |title=In the Moment: Glide Verifies Ferguson Shooting Recording |date=August 28, 2014 |access-date=August 29, 2014 |website=Glide |url=http://blog.glide.me/post/96012321805/in-the-moment-glide-verifies-ferguson-shooting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828213529/http://blog.glide.me/post/96012321805/in-the-moment-glide-verifies-ferguson-shooting |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Guardian.Beyond>{{cite news |first=Hannah |last=Giorgis |title=Beyond 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot': what if there's no indictment in Ferguson? |date=November 10, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/10/no-indictment-ferguson-no-justice-michael-brown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203092931/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/10/no-indictment-ferguson-no-justice-michael-brown |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Guardian.Lied>{{cite news |first=Nicky |last=Woolf |title=Ferguson prosecutor says witnesses in Darren Wilson case lied under oath |date=December 19, 2014 |access-date=July 4, 2015 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/19/ferguson-prosecutor-witnesses-darren-wilson-michael-brown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629163238/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/dec/19/ferguson-prosecutor-witnesses-darren-wilson-michael-brown |archive-date=June 29, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Guardian.Points>{{cite news |first1=Joanna |last1=Walters |first2=Jon |last2=Swaine |title=Missouri governor points finger at Ferguson police chief for new violence |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/missouri-governor-points-finger-ferguson-police-chief-renewed-violence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818080129/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/17/missouri-governor-points-finger-ferguson-police-chief-renewed-violence |archive-date=August 18, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=HLN.Accounts>{{cite news |first=Blue |last=Browning |title=Conflicting accounts of Michael Brown shooting |date=August 31, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |website=HLN |url=http://www.hlntv.com/slideshow/2014/08/31/conflicting-accounts-michael-brown-ferguson-shooting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831192625/http://www.hlntv.com/slideshow/2014/08/31/conflicting-accounts-michael-brown-ferguson-shooting |archive-date=August 31, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Lied>{{cite news |first=Andres |last=Jauregui |title=Witnesses Lied Under Oath In Ferguson Grand Jury, Prosecutor Says |date=December 19, 2014 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |website=The Huffington Post |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/19/witnesses-lied-ferguson-grand-jury-bob-mcculloch_n_6356804.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116044958/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/19/witnesses-lied-ferguson-grand-jury-bob-mcculloch_n_6356804.html |archive-date=January 16, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=HuffPost.Sues>{{cite news |first=Mariah |last=Stewart |title=Witness to Michael Brown's Death Sues City of Ferguson, Former Police Chief And Darren Wilson |date=May 7, 2015 |access-date=May 7, 2015 |website=The Huffington Post |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/dorian-johnson-lawsuit_n_7226276.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508173926/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/06/dorian-johnson-lawsuit_n_7226276.html |archive-date=May 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=IBTimes.Accounts>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Hanrahan |title=Michael Brown Shooting: Witness Accounts Tell Conflicting Stories |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |website=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-shooting-witness-accounts-tell-conflicting-stories-1664786 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005203801/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-shooting-witness-accounts-tell-conflicting-stories-1664786 |archive-date=October 5, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=IBTimes.Cigarillos>{{cite news |first=Thomas |last=Barrabi |title=Michael Brown Robbed Convenience Store, Stole Cigarillos Before Darren Wilson Shooting, Dorian Johnson Says |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161139/http://www.ibtimes.com/michael-brown-robbed-convenience-store-stole-cigarillos-darren-wilson-shooting-dorian-1729359 |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=IBTimes.Johnson>{{cite news |first=Treye |last=Green |title=Dorian Johnson, Mike Brown Shooting Witness, Meeting With FBI And County Prosecutor |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/dorian-johnson-mike-brown-shooting-witness-meeting-fbi-county-prosecutor-1657892 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814024406/http://www.ibtimes.com/dorian-johnson-mike-brown-shooting-witness-meeting-fbi-county-prosecutor-1657892 |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=IJR.Nixon>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hausam |title=Missouri Gov. Nixon Joins Obama Admin. & News Media Condemning Release of Ferguson Robbery Footage |date=August 2014 |access-date=September 26, 2014 |website=Independent Journal Review |url=http://www.ijreview.com/2014/08/168788-missouri-governor-says-releasing-convenience-store-footage-right-put-region-alert/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818055144/http://www.ijreview.com/2014/08/168788-missouri-governor-says-releasing-convenience-store-footage-right-put-region-alert/ |archive-date=August 18, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=KCStar.Assistant>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Morris |title=Local pathology assistant Shawn Parcells is at the heart of the Ferguson storm |date=September 1, 2014 |access-date=November 18, 2014 |website=The Kansas City Star |url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/crime/article1337089.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906064928/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/crime/article1337089.html |archive-date=September 6, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KCStar.Mourners>{{cite news |first=Jim |last=Suhr |title=Mourners urge black Americans to take action |date=August 25, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=The Kansas City Star |url=http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114854/http://www.kansascity.com/news/state/missouri/article1290626.html |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=KMBC.Pathologist>{{cite news |first=Haley |last=Harrison |title=Pathologist assistant in Michael Brown case responds to controversy |date=September 24, 2014 |access-date=November 18, 2014 |publisher=KMBC |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url=http://www.kmbc.com/news/pathologist-assistant-in-michael-brown-case-responds-to-controversy/28234292 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118204122/http://www.kmbc.com/news/pathologist-assistant-in-michael-brown-case-responds-to-controversy/28234292 |archive-date=November 18, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KMOV.Obama>{{cite news |first=Adam |last=McDonald |title=President Obama releases statement on death of Michael Brown, Jr |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=KMOV |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/President-Obama-releases-statement-on-death-of-Michael-Brown-270966801.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813023659/http://www.kmov.com/special-coverage-001/President-Obama-releases-statement-on-death-of-Michael-Brown-270966801.html |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=KMOX.Amnesty>{{cite news |title=Amnesty International Takes 'Unprecedented' Step in Sending Delegation to Ferguson |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=KMOX |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/18/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-step-in-sending-delegation-to-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819013533/http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2014/08/18/amnesty-international-takes-unprecedented-step-in-sending-delegation-to-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KPLR.Timeline>{{cite news |first=Mandy |last=Murphey |title=Video: Timeline of robbery surveillance video purportedly showing Michael Brown |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=September 19, 2014 |publisher=KPLR |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://kplr11.com/2014/08/15/video-timeline-of-robbery-surveillance-video-purportedly-showing-michael-brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829135013/http://kplr11.com/2014/08/15/video-timeline-of-robbery-surveillance-video-purportedly-showing-michael-brown/ |archive-date=August 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KSDK.Church>{{cite news |first=John |last=Henry |title=Church ready for Michael Brown's funeral |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/friendly-temple-missionary-baptist-ready-michael-brown/14459253/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140824015441/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/friendly-temple-missionary-baptist-ready-michael-brown/14459253/ |archive-date=August 24, 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name=KSDK.Crump>{{cite news |first=Brandie |last=Piper |title=Crump: This will be a 'defining moment' in history |date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=November 18, 2014 |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/11/13/michael-baden-grand-jury-testimony/18959707/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141119005842/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/11/13/michael-baden-grand-jury-testimony/18959707/ |archive-date=November 19, 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name=KSDK.Donated>{{cite news |first=Jim |last=Suhr |title=Nearly $700K donated after Michael Brown shooting |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2015 |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/27/nearly-700k-donated-after-michael-brown-shooting/14693737/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150420202922/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/27/nearly-700k-donated-after-michael-brown-shooting/14693737/ |archive-date=April 20, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=KSDK.StrongArm>{{cite news |first=Aja J. |last=Williams |title=What is strong-arm robbery? |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=KSDK |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/15/strong-arm-robbery-definition-st-louis-county/14122545/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140817165847/http://www.ksdk.com/story/news/local/2014/08/15/strong-arm-robbery-definition-st-louis-county/14122545/ |archive-date=August 17, 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name=KTRS.McGraw>{{cite AV media |title=McGraw Live |publisher=Big 550 KTRS |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=December 19, 2014 |people=McGraw Milhaven, Robert P. McCulloch |medium=Televised Radio Broadcast }}</ref>
<ref name=KTVI.Baden>{{cite news |first=Anthony |last=Kiekow |title=Dr. Baden to testify before Brown grand jury |date=November 11, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |publisher=KTVI |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://fox2now.com/2014/11/11/dr-baden-to-testify-before-brown-grand-jury/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119172126/http://fox2now.com/2014/11/11/dr-baden-to-testify-before-brown-grand-jury/ |archive-date=November 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KTVI.Stories>{{cite news |title=Calm in Ferguson, but fight over conflicting stories goes on |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |publisher=KTVI |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://fox2now.com/2014/08/22/calm-in-ferguson-but-fight-over-conflicting-stories-goes-on/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824203517/http://fox2now.com/2014/08/22/calm-in-ferguson-but-fight-over-conflicting-stories-goes-on/ |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KWMU.Know>{{cite news |first=William |last=Freivogel |title=What We Know – And Don't Know – About Michael Brown's Shooting |date=October 30, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014 |publisher=KWMU |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-michael-browns-shooting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116023251/http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-michael-browns-shooting |archive-date=November 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=KWMU.Wrangled>{{cite news |first=William |last=Freivogel |title=Grand Jury Wrangled With Confusing Instructions |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2014 |publisher=KWMU |location=St. Louis, Missouri |url=http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/grand-jury-wrangled-confusing-instructions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202184556/http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/grand-jury-wrangled-confusing-instructions |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Autopsy>{{cite news |first1=Molly |last1=Hennessy-Fiske |first2=Richard A. |last2=Serrano |title=Autopsy shows Michael Brown was shot six times, and twice in the head |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-michael-brown-20140817-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819110314/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-michael-brown-20140817-story.html |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Backfire>{{cite news |first1=Matt |last1=Pearce |first2=Molly |last2=Hennessy-Fiske |first3=Tina |last3=Susman |title=Some warn that Gov. Jay Nixon's curfew for Ferguson, Mo., may backfire |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817021004/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-protests-020140816-story.html |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Documents>{{cite news |first1=James |last1=Queally |first2=Maria L. |last2=La Ganga |title=Ferguson, Mo.: New recordings, documents released in Michael Brown case |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 9, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-more-grand-jury-documents-michael-brown-shooting-20141208-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209054421/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-more-grand-jury-documents-michael-brown-shooting-20141208-story.html |archive-date=December 9, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Federal>{{cite news |first1=Timothy M. |last1=Phelps |first2=Michael |last2=Muskal |title=Federal report largely backs Darren Wilson in Ferguson police shooting case |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=March 25, 2015 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-darren-wilson-not-charged-20150304-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318122343/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-darren-wilson-not-charged-20150304-story.html |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.FederalAutopsy>{{cite news |title=Federal Autopsy of Michael Brown |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 9, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=http://documents.latimes.com/federal-autopsy-michael-brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209203740/http://documents.latimes.com/federal-autopsy-michael-brown/ |archive-date=December 9, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Grand>{{cite news |first=Lauren |last=Raab |title=Grand jury starts on Michael Brown case: What you need to know |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-grand-jury-ferguson-michael-brown-20140820-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821213246/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-grand-jury-ferguson-michael-brown-20140820-story.html |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.International>{{cite news |first=Julie |last=Makinen |title=Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson becomes an international incident |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-world-reaction-20140818-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819105443/http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-world-reaction-20140818-story.html |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Matters>{{cite news |first=James |last=Queally |title=Robbery matters little in shooting death of Michael Brown, experts say |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-police-experts-20140815-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816000443/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-police-experts-20140815-story.html |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Petition>Lawsuit petition in {{cite news |title=Michael Brown's family files civil lawsuit against Ferguson |date=April 23, 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425112457/http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/ |archive-date=April 25, 2015 |url-status=live}} See PRAYER FOR RELIEF on pp. 42–43 of petition.</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Strategy>{{cite news |first=David |last=Zucchino |title=Prosecutor's grand jury strategy in Ferguson case adds to controversy |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-da-analysis-20141126-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126052620/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ferguson-da-analysis-20141126-story.html |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Veteran>{{cite news |first1=Molly |last1=Hennessy-Fiske |first2=Matt |last2=Pearce |first3=Tina |last3=Susman |title=Officer who shot Michael Brown didn't know he was a robbery suspect |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815152358/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-fergsuon-shooting-police-name-20140815-story.html |archive-date=August 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LATimes.Witnesses>{{cite news |first=James |last=Queally |title=What key witnesses to the Michael Brown shooting have to say |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2014 |website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-witness-accounts-20140821-story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822093347/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-ferguson-witness-accounts-20140821-story.html |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=LegalInsurrection.Decision>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Branca |title=No, Prosecution did not Mislead #Ferguson Grand Jury into Erroneous Decision |date=November 28, 2014 |access-date=December 20, 2014 |website=Legal Insurrection |url=http://legalinsurrection.com/2014/11/no-prosecution-did-not-mislead-ferguson-grand-jury-into-erroneous-decision/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220203215/http://legalinsurrection.com/2014/11/no-prosecution-did-not-mislead-ferguson-grand-jury-into-erroneous-decision/ |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=MetroUK.Dehumanise>{{cite news |first=Abigail |last=Chandler |title=Michael Brown protests in Ferguson: When the police dehumanise a community, it shames all of us |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |website=Metro |url=http://metro.co.uk/2014/08/14/michael-brown-protests-in-ferguson-when-the-police-dehumanise-a-community-it-shames-all-of-us-4832742/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817182837/http://metro.co.uk/2014/08/14/michael-brown-protests-in-ferguson-when-the-police-dehumanise-a-community-it-shames-all-of-us-4832742/ |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Cameras>{{cite news |first1=Trymaine |last1=Lee |first2=Zachary |last2=Roth |first3=Jane C. |last3=Timm |title=Obama to announce $75 million for body cameras |date=December 1, 2014 |access-date=December 1, 2014 |publisher=MSNBC |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/obama-announce-75-million-body-cameras |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201193611/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/obama-announce-75-million-body-cameras |archive-date=December 1, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=MSNBC.Recounts>{{cite news |first=Trymaine |last=Lee |title=Eyewitness to Michael Brown shooting recounts his friend's death |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=MSNBC |url=https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813052912/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/eyewitness-michael-brown-fatal-shooting-missouri |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.Cop>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Cop Darren Wilson Will Never Police Again, His Lawyer Says |date=November 27, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-cop-darren-wilson-will-never-police-again-his-lawyer-n257511 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207010733/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/ferguson-cop-darren-wilson-will-never-police-again-his-lawyer-n257511 |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.FBI>{{cite news |title=FBI Investigating Ferguson Police Shooting of Teen Michael Brown |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=January 6, 2015 |publisher=NBC News |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-investigating-ferguson-police-shooting-teen-michael-brown-n177761 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108011521/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-investigating-ferguson-police-shooting-teen-michael-brown-n177761 |archive-date=January 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.Feds>{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Kosnar |title=Feds Urged Police Not to Release Michael Brown 'Robbery' Video |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/feds-urged-police-not-release-michael-brown-robbery-video-n182346 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817133115/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/feds-urged-police-not-release-michael-brown-robbery-video-n182346 |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.Looting>{{cite news |title=Looting Erupts After Vigil for Slain Missouri Teen Michael Brown |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/looting-erupts-after-vigil-slain-missouri-teen-michael-brown-n177426 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813140445/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/looting-erupts-after-vigil-slain-missouri-teen-michael-brown-n177426 |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.Petition>{{cite news |first=Elizabeth |last=Chuck |title=Petition Against Prosecutor in Ferguson Case Has 70,000 Signatures |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/petition-against-prosecutor-ferguson-case-has-70-000-signatures-n186036 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822201447/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/petition-against-prosecutor-ferguson-case-has-70-000-signatures-n186036 |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NBC.Probing>{{cite news |first1=Ron |last1=Allen |first2=Tracy |last2=Connor |title=FBI Probing Alleged Audio of Michael Brown Shooting |date=August 26, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-probing-alleged-audio-michael-brown-shooting-n189291 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827104838/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/michael-brown-shooting/fbi-probing-alleged-audio-michael-brown-shooting-n189291 |archive-date=August 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Newsweek.90Seconds>{{cite news |first=Paula |last=Mejia |title=Altercation Between Michael Brown and Darren Wilson Unfolded in 90 Seconds: Report |date=November 15, 2014 |access-date=November 16, 2014 |website=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/altercation-between-michael-brown-and-officer-darren-wilson-unfolded-90-284728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115220112/http://www.newsweek.com/altercation-between-michael-brown-and-officer-darren-wilson-unfolded-90-284728 |archive-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Newsweek.Scene>{{cite news |first=Polly |last=Mosendz |title=Crime Scene Medical Examiner Took No Measurements, Photos of Brown |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 15, 2014 |website=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/crime-scene-medical-examiner-took-no-measurements-photos-brown-287074?piano_d=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125222538/http://www.newsweek.com/crime-scene-medical-examiner-took-no-measurements-photos-brown-287074 |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NPR.Examining>{{cite news |first=Melissa |last=Block |title=Examining The Grand Jury Proceedings In The Michael Brown Case |date=November 17, 2014 |access-date=December 14, 2014 |work=NPR All Things Considered |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230644166.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329080952/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230644166.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=NPR.Friend>{{cite news |first=Eyder |last=Peralta |title=Ferguson Documents: What Michael Brown's Friend Saw |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=November 27, 2014 |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/26/366827836/ferguson-documents-what-michael-browns-friend-saw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202161750/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/26/366827836/ferguson-documents-what-michael-browns-friend-saw |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NPR.Testimony>[transcript] {{cite news |first1=Elise |last1=Hu |first2=Renee |last2=Montagne |title=Ferguson Grand Jury Testimony Made Public |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |work=NPR Morning Edition |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230793905.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112138/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-230793905.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=NPR.Name>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Chappell |title=Ferguson Police Release Name Of Officer Who Shot Michael Brown |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/15/340594634/ferguson-police-release-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816153621/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/08/15/340594634/ferguson-police-release-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown |archive-date=August 16, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Bombshell>{{cite news |first=Oren |last=Yaniv |title=Darren Wilson not indicted: Bombshell evidence, testimony laid out in fatal shooting of Michael Brown |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 21, 2014 |website=Daily News |location=New York |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/bombshell-evidence-laid-death-michael-brown-article-1.2022689 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127220343/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/bombshell-evidence-laid-death-michael-brown-article-1.2022689 |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYDailyNews.Pages>{{cite news |first=Sasha |last=Goldstein |title=Supporters create fund-raising pages for Michael Brown's family, cop Darren Wilson after Ferguson shooting |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2015 |website=Daily News |location=New York |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/fundraising-pages-michael-brown-family-officer-darren-wilson-article-1.1912298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222050859/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/fundraising-pages-michael-brown-family-officer-darren-wilson-article-1.1912298 |archive-date=February 22, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYer.Cop>{{cite news |first=Jake |last=Halpern |title=The Cop |date=August 10, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop |quote=Wilson said that he had interviewed for a few police positions but had been told that he would be a liability. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808173138/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/08/10/the-cop |archive-date=August 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYer.HowNot>{{cite news |first=Jeffrey |last=Toobin |title=How Not to Use a Grand Jury |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 20, 2014 |magazine=The New Yorker |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/use-grand-jury |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220050210/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/use-grand-jury |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYMag.Justice>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Coscarelli |title=Justice Department Not at All Pleased With Michael Brown Leaks |date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=October 24, 2014 |website=New York |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/justice-dept-not-happy-with-michael-brown-leaks.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027175912/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/justice-dept-not-happy-with-michael-brown-leaks.html |archive-date=October 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYPost.Revenge>{{cite news |first1=Larry |last1=Celona |first2=Shawn |last2=Cohen |first3=Jamie |last3=Schram |first4=Amber |last4=Jamieson |first5=Laura |last5=Italiano |title=Gunman executes 2 NYPD cops in Garner 'revenge' |date=December 20, 2014 |access-date=April 11, 2015 |website=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/2014/12/20/2-nypd-cops-shot-execution-style-in-brooklyn/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413014258/http://nypost.com/2014/12/20/2-nypd-cops-shot-execution-style-in-brooklyn/ |archive-date=April 13, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYPost.Shot>{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Tacopino |title=Darren Wilson on why he shot Michael Brown |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/2014/11/25/officer-darren-wilson-says-michael-brown-taunted-him/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125120636/http://nypost.com/2014/11/25/officer-darren-wilson-says-michael-brown-taunted-him/ |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.90Seconds>{{cite news |first=Monica |last=Davey |title=Fatal Encounter in Ferguson Took Less Than 90 Seconds, Police Communications Reveal |date=November 15, 2014 |access-date=November 16, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1sUMTLA }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Accounts>{{cite news |first1=Frances |last1=Robles |first2=Michael S. |last2=Schmidt |title=Shooting Accounts Differ as Holder Schedules Visit to Ferguson |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1tfUisB }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Advice>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Mackey |title=Advice for Ferguson's Protesters From the Middle East |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1t196vg }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Ambush>{{cite news |first1=Benjamin |last1=Mueller |first2=Al |last2=Baker |title=2 N.Y.P.D. Officers Killed in Brooklyn Ambush; Suspect Commits Suicide |date=December 20, 2014 |access-date=December 21, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1wPh9he }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Audio>{{cite news |first=Monica |last=Davey |title=Audio and Witness Interviews Are Among Ferguson Records Released |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1zlAMy4 }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Autopsy>{{cite news |first1=Frances |last1=Robles |first2=Julie |last2=Bosman |title=Autopsy Shows Michael Brown Was Struck at Least 6 Times |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1oTnUWD }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Body>{{cite news |first1=Julie |last1=Bosman |first2=Joseph |last2=Goldstein |title=Timeline for a Body: 4 Hours in the Middle of a Ferguson Street |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=December 13, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1mAexeT }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Cleared>{{cite news |first1=Erik |last1=Eckholm |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |title=Darren Wilson Is Cleared of Rights Violations in Ferguson Shooting |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=March 5, 2015 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1B1IGOD }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Documents>{{cite news |title=Documents Released in the Ferguson Case |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 5, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205070832/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/25/us/evidence-released-in-michael-brown-case.html |archive-date=December 5, 2014 |url-status=live}} (See [http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/capture.png diagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225026/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/capture.png |date=November 29, 2014 }} and [http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/picture2.png legend] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129224843/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/newsgraphics/2014/11/24/ferguson-evidence/assets/ferguson/photos/2014-43984/photos-7/picture2.png |date=November 29, 2014 }} in second row from bottom.)</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Emotions>{{cite news |first1=Tanzina |last1=Vega |author-link=Tanzina Vega |first2=Timothy |last2=Williams |first3=Erik |last3=Eckholm |title=Emotions Flare in Missouri Amid Police Statements |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1m1CueQ }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Files>{{cite news |first=Monica |last=Davey |title=More Files Are Released in Shooting in Ferguson |date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1Gm6iyi }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Happened>{{cite news |title=What Happened in Ferguson? |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 1, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129223812/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html?_r=0 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Objectivity>{{cite news |first=Frances |last=Robles |title=St. Louis County Prosecutor Defends Objectivity |date=August 20, 2014 |access-date=September 18, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1AzzZJc }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Pattern>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Apuzzo |title=Justice Department Finds Pattern of Police Bias and Excessive Force in Ferguson |date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=March 3, 2015 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1wS7CTu }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Recount>{{cite news |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |first2=Matt |last2=Apuzzo |first3=Julie |last3=Bosman |title=Police Officer in Ferguson Is Said to Recount a Struggle |date=October 17, 2014 |access-date=October 18, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1qLDOoh }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Trusting>{{cite news |first1=Julie |last1=Bosman |first2=Campbell |last2=Robertson |first3=Erik |last3=Eckholm |first4=Richard A. |last4=Oppel Jr. |title=Amid Conflicting Accounts, Trusting Darren Wilson |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=The New York Times |url=http://nyti.ms/1raDpBG }}</ref>
<ref name=NYTimes.Wrinkle>{{cite news |first=Mitch |last=Smith |date=March 11, 2017 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/us/michael-brown-ferguson-police-shooting-video.html |title=New Ferguson Video Adds Wrinkle to Michael Brown Case |work=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312060038/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/us/michael-brown-ferguson-police-shooting-video.html |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=PBS.Autopsy>{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Barajas |title=What does Michael Brown's official autopsy report actually reveal? |date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=December 31, 2016 |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/michael-browns-official-autopsy-report-actually-reveal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102152009/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/michael-browns-official-autopsy-report-actually-reveal/ |archive-date=January 2, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=PBS.Evidence>{{cite news |title=What the forensic evidence says about Michael Brown's death |date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |website=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/what-the-forensic-evidence-says-about-michael-browns-death/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117073026/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/what-the-forensic-evidence-says-about-michael-browns-death/ |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=PPH.Tussle>{{cite news |first1=David A. |last1=Lieb |first2=Holbrook |last2=Mohr |title=Ferguson grand jury focused on 'tussle' seen before shooting |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2014 |website=Portland Press Herald |location=Portland, Maine |url=http://www.pressherald.com/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-focused-on-tussle-seen-before-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217041732/http://www.pressherald.com/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury-focused-on-tussle-seen-before-shooting/ |archive-date=December 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=RawStory.Fanciful>{{cite news |first=David |last=Edwards |title='Fanciful and not credible': CNN legal analyst destroys Darren Wilson's testimony |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |website=Raw Story |url=http://www.rawstory.com/2014/11/fanciful-and-not-credible-cnn-legal-analyst-destroys-darren-wilsons-testimony/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126014400/http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2014/11/fanciful-and-not-credible-cnn-legal-analyst-destroys-darren-wilsons-testimony/ |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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<ref name=RawStory.Misled>{{cite news |first=Arturo |last=Garcia |title=Lawrence O'Donnell: Missouri atty. general admits Ferguson grand jury was misled |date=December 4, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |website=Raw Story |url=http://www.rawstory.com/2014/12/lawrence-odonnell-missouri-atty-general-admits-ferguson-grand-jury-was-misled/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208083645/http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2014/12/lawrence-odonnell-missouri-atty-general-admits-ferguson-grand-jury-was-misled/ |archive-date=December 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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<ref name=Reuters.Resigned>{{cite news |first1=Daniel |last1=Wallis |first2=Edward |last2=McAllister |title=Missouri officer in fatal shooting resigned without severance: mayor |date=December 1, 2014 |access-date=December 1, 2014 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKCN0JE0VJ20141201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201031250/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/01/us-usa-missouri-shooting-idUSKCN0JE0VJ20141201 |archive-date=December 1, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Reuters.Suspect>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-police-missouri-arrest-idUSKBN0MB0U920150316 |author=Richard Valdmanis |date=March 16, 2015 |work=Reuters |access-date=March 22, 2015 |title=Suspect charged in shooting of police officers in Ferguson, Missouri |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326000820/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/16/us-usa-police-missouri-arrest-idUSKBN0MB0U920150316 |archive-date=March 26, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=RiverfrontTimes.Why>{{cite news |first=Jessica |last=Lussenhop |title=Why Police Haven't Interviewed Michael Brown Shooting Witness Dorian Johnson |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=Riverfront Times |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814224859/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2014/08/michael_brown_witness_dorian_johnson_why_police_have_not_interviewed_him.php |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name=Scribd.JohnsonVs>{{cite web |first=Jessica |last=Lussenhop |title=Dorian Johnson vs. Ferguson |date=May 6, 2015 |access-date=May 9, 2015 |website=Scribd |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/264430270/Dorian-Johnson-vs-Ferguson }}</ref>
<ref name=SeattleTimes.Evidence>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Grand-Jury Documents Reveal the Evidence It Reviewed |date=November 30, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |newspaper=The Seattle Times |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-392107985.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112136/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-392107985.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=SeattleTimes.Hands>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Duara |title=Police, protesters collide again in Ferguson |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/police-protesters-collide-again-in-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819153219/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2024335008_apxpoliceshootingmissouri.html |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=StarTelegram.Dropped>{{cite news |author=Staff and wire reports |title=Officer in Ferguson shooting has dropped from sight |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 30, 2014 |website=Star-Telegram |url=http://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/article3870298.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822111650/http://www.star-telegram.com/2014/08/21/6059552/officer-in-ferguson-shooting-remains.html |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLAmerican.Struggle>{{cite news |first=Bridjes |last=O'Neil |title=STL County Police Chief claims struggle with gun lead to fatal shooting of Michael Brown |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=The St. Louis American |url=http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813170428/http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_86cdc228-20c9-11e4-984c-001a4bcf887a.html |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Autopsy>{{cite news |first=Christine |last=Byers |title=Official autopsy shows Michael Brown had close-range wound to his hand, marijuana in system |date=October 22, 2014 |access-date=October 22, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/official-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-had-close-range-wound-to/article_e98a4ce0-c284-57c9-9882-3fb7df75fef6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106224744/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/official-autopsy-shows-michael-brown-had-close-range-wound-to/article_e98a4ce0-c284-57c9-9882-3fb7df75fef6.html |archive-date=January 6, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.BrownDismisses>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Patrick |title=St. Louis federal judge dismisses several counts of Brown family lawsuit |date=July 14, 2015 |access-date=July 22, 2015 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-louis-federal-judge-dismisses-several-counts-of-brown-family/article_92b8118d-584e-5ce2-9ebb-41481fec8468.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229222701/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/st-louis-federal-judge-dismisses-several-counts-of-brown-family/article_92b8118d-584e-5ce2-9ebb-41481fec8468.html |archive-date=February 29, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.BrownFederal>{{cite news |first=Valerie Schremp |last=Hahn |title=Michael Brown wrongful death lawsuit removed to federal court |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=July 22, 2015 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315193234/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/michael-brown-wrongful-death-lawsuit-removed-to-federal-court/article_2a3ded57-22c8-5d70-a361-cb3e841c1e80.html |archive-date=March 15, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Controversy>{{cite news |first1=Nicholas J.C. |last1=Pistor |first2=Joe |last2=Holleman |title=St. Louis prosecutor has faced controversy for decades |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=September 9, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-prosecutor-has-faced-controversy-for-decades/article_cdd4c104-6086-506e-9ee8-aa957a31fee5.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820013604/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/st-louis-prosecutor-has-faced-controversy-for-decades/article_cdd4c104-6086-506e-9ee8-aa957a31fee5.html |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Fatal>{{cite news |first1=Leah |last1=Thorsen |first2=Steve |last2=Giegerich |title=Ferguson Day One Wrapup: Officer kills Ferguson teen |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_04e3885b-4131-5e49-b784-33cd3acbe7f1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814151356/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_04e3885b-4131-5e49-b784-33cd3acbe7f1.html |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Holder>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |title=Private autopsy says Brown shot 6 times; Holder orders third autopsy |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/holder-orders-third-autopsy-of-michael-brown/article_e27c90b4-8fc9-5118-8f4b-ae98a9d0f552.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305230628/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/holder-orders-third-autopsy-of-michael-brown/article_e27c90b4-8fc9-5118-8f4b-ae98a9d0f552.html |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Jesse>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |title=Day Six, Day: The Rev. Jesse Jackson shows up at protest site as Brown family calls for calm |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=December 21, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-officer-stopped-michael-brown-for-walking-in-street-but/article_52c40b84-ad90-5f9a-973c-70d628d0be04.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104042858/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/ferguson-officer-stopped-michael-brown-for-walking-in-street-but/article_52c40b84-ad90-5f9a-973c-70d628d0be04.html |archive-date=January 4, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.JohnsonFederal>{{cite news |first=Valerie Schremp |last=Hahn |title=Dorian Johnson lawsuit against Ferguson and police to be handled in federal court |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=July 22, 2015 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-and-police-to-be-handled/article_a4718668-c235-5e7c-8b7b-80e1b7db225a.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618014656/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-and-police-to-be-handled/article_a4718668-c235-5e7c-8b7b-80e1b7db225a.html |archive-date=June 18, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Jury>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |title=Grand jury in Michael Brown case: 3 black members, 9 white |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/grand-jury-in-michael-brown-case-black-members-white/article_6bbba56c-e28a-53d0-8b85-b20c36810fbd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824193020/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/grand-jury-in-michael-brown-case-black-members-white/article_6bbba56c-e28a-53d0-8b85-b20c36810fbd.html |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Lawsuit>{{cite news |title=Dorian Johnson Lawsuit Against Ferguson, Wilson |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 7, 2015 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-wilson/pdf_348336ba-5607-5fff-ab6b-0604c299ae3c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402103322/http://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/dorian-johnson-lawsuit-against-ferguson-wilson/pdf_348336ba-5607-5fff-ab6b-0604c299ae3c.html |archive-date=April 2, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.LeftThere>{{cite news |first1=David |last1=Hunn |first2=Kim |last2=Bell |title=Why was Michael Brown's body left there for hours? |date=September 14, 2014 |access-date=November 30, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/why-was-michael-brown-s-body-left-there-for-hours/article_0b73ec58-c6a1-516e-882f-74d18a4246e0.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014224410/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/why-was-michael-brown-s-body-left-there-for-hours/article_0b73ec58-c6a1-516e-882f-74d18a4246e0.html |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Map>{{cite news |first1=Tom |last1=Borgman |first2=Chris |last2=Spurlock |title=Map: The Michael Brown shooting scene |date=November 26, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/map-the-michael-brown-shooting-scene/html_0c861d0f-9a56-5769-8c16-d4b137af96e1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219010601/http://www.stltoday.com/map-the-michael-brown-shooting-scene/html_0c861d0f-9a56-5769-8c16-d4b137af96e1.html |archive-date=February 19, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Mislead>{{cite news |first=Stephen |last=Deere |title=Did Ferguson police chief mislead public about robbery video? |date=September 5, 2014 |access-date=September 26, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/did-ferguson-police-chief-mislead-public-about-robbery-video/article_f5ed9c93-8d40-5585-8f6d-a7767db8ae67.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007211127/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/did-ferguson-police-chief-mislead-public-about-robbery-video/article_f5ed9c93-8d40-5585-8f6d-a7767db8ae67.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Petitions>{{cite news |first=Michael D. |last=Sorkin |title=20,000 sign petitions seeking special prosecutor in Michael Brown shooting |date=August 17, 2014 |access-date=September 19, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/sign-petitions-seeking-special-prosecutor-in-michael-brown-shooting/article_d0cc6e7f-8b32-5153-8ab4-86ebdc4659ca.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820020050/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/sign-petitions-seeking-special-prosecutor-in-michael-brown-shooting/article_d0cc6e7f-8b32-5153-8ab4-86ebdc4659ca.html |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Radio>{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Patrick |title=Darren Wilson's radio calls show fatal encounter was brief |date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=November 15, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/darren-wilson-s-radio-calls-show-fatal-encounter-was-brief/html_79c17aed-0dbe-514d-ba32-bad908056790.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525043406/http://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/darren-wilson-s-radio-calls-show-fatal-encounter-was-brief/html_79c17aed-0dbe-514d-ba32-bad908056790.html |archive-date=May 25, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Remove>{{cite news |first=Kevin |last=McDermott |title=Jay Nixon won't remove Robert McCulloch as Brown case goes to grand jury |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jay-nixon-won-t-remove-robert-mcculloch-as-brown-case/article_875a5af0-226f-56a2-84ee-1a0dd878ea2c.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821075708/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jay-nixon-won-t-remove-robert-mcculloch-as-brown-case/article_875a5af0-226f-56a2-84ee-1a0dd878ea2c.html |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Revocation>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Hampel |title=African-American lawyers association seeks revocation of Darren Wilson's police officer license |date=December 8, 2014 |access-date=December 8, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/national-lawyers-association-seeks-revocation-of-darren-wilson-s-peace/article_524dde5b-d5cb-5794-8a77-269f03f60382.html |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414000733/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/national-lawyers-association-seeks-revocation-of-darren-wilson-s-peace/article_524dde5b-d5cb-5794-8a77-269f03f60382.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Tidbits>{{cite news |author=Staff reports |title=From the documents: Tidbits from the grand jury testimony |date=November 30, 2014 |access-date=December 16, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/from-the-documents-tidbits-from-the-grand-jury-testimony/article_16e49f70-608e-5142-9b92-a6883104f95f.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115060641/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/from-the-documents-tidbits-from-the-grand-jury-testimony/article_16e49f70-608e-5142-9b92-a6883104f95f.html |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=STLToday.Witness>{{cite news |first=Christine |last=Byers |title=Witness adds new perspective to Ferguson shooting |date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/witness-adds-new-perspective-to-ferguson-shooting/article_ab6e1e03-c49a-5c7f-8786-b0e88ec79349.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417085643/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/witness-adds-new-perspective-to-ferguson-shooting/article_ab6e1e03-c49a-5c7f-8786-b0e88ec79349.html |archive-date=April 17, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Amnesty>{{cite news |first=Charlotte |last=Alter |title=3 Key Takeaways From Amnesty International's Ferguson Report |date=October 24, 2014 |access-date=October 25, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3535101/ferguson-amnesty-international-report-michael-brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024071126/http://time.com/3535101/ferguson-amnesty-international-report-michael-brown/ |archive-date=October 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.APPoll>{{cite news |first=Denver |last=Nicks |title=Shootings by Police Voted Top Story of 2014 in AP Poll |date=December 22, 2014 |access-date=December 22, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3643962/police-killings-top-story-ap-poll/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222162515/http://time.com/3643962/police-killings-top-story-ap-poll/ |archive-date=December 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Leaks>{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Altman |title=What the Ferguson Leaks Tell Us About Michael Brown's Death |date=October 23, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3534140/ferguson-michael-brown-grand-jury-leaks-investigation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127164741/http://time.com/3534140/ferguson-michael-brown-grand-jury-leaks-investigation/ |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Paul>{{cite news |first=Rand |last=Paul |title=Rand Paul: We Must Demilitarize the Police |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3111474/rand-paul-ferguson-police/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815123942/http://time.com/3111474/rand-paul-ferguson-police/ |archive-date=August 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Rams>{{cite news |first=Charlotte |last=Alter |title=St. Louis Cops Condemn Rams' 'Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Gesture |date=December 1, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3611556/st-louis-cops-rams-hands-up-dont-shoot-nfl-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204120831/http://time.com/3611556/st-louis-cops-rams-hands-up-dont-shoot-nfl-ferguson/ |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Report>{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Altman |title=There's Very Little in the Michael Brown Shooting Incident Report |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=December 15, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3159680/ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-police-report/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202164855/http://time.com/3159680/ferguson-michael-brown-shooting-police-report/ |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Time.Roots>{{cite news |first=David |last=Von Drehle |author-link=David Von Drehle |title=The Long, Tangled Roots of the Michael Brown Shooting |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 22, 2014 |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821175540/http://time.com/3104128/michael-brown-ferguson-cop-shooting-protests/ |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=TimesDispatch.Silver>{{cite news |first=Jay Sterling |last=Silver |title=Silver: A hopeless conflict of interests |date=December 6, 2014 |access-date=December 7, 2014 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |url=http://www.timesdispatch.com/opinion/their-opinion/columnists-blogs/guest-columnists/silver-a-hopeless-conflict-of-interests/article_474455e3-44c5-5d03-b987-f95ea6abb6bd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141207015331/http://www.timesdispatch.com/opinion/their-opinion/columnists-blogs/guest-columnists/silver-a-hopeless-conflict-of-interests/article_474455e3-44c5-5d03-b987-f95ea6abb6bd.html |archive-date=December 7, 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Charges>{{cite news |first1=Marisol |last1=Bello |first2=Greg |last2=Toppo |first3=Peter |last3=Eisler |title=Grand jury charges are easy, except against police |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury/70098616/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126020018/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/25/ferguson-grand-jury/70098616/ |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Cigars>{{cite news |first1=Yamiche |last1=Alcindor |first2=Marisol |last2=Bello |first3=Aamer |last3=Madhani |title=Chief: Officer noticed Brown carrying suspected stolen cigars |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/usanow/2014/08/15/ferguson-missouri-police-michael-brown-shooting/14098369/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824101638/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/usanow/2014/08/15/ferguson-missouri-police-michael-brown-shooting/14098369/ |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Military>{{cite news |first1=Yamiche |last1=Alcindor |first2=Marisol |last2=Bello |title=Police in Ferguson ignite debate about military tactics |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/ferguson-militarized-police/14064675/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819115642/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/14/ferguson-militarized-police/14064675/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Pathologist>{{cite news |first=Yamiche |last=Alcindor |title=Brown family's pathologist wants to testify |date=October 30, 2014 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/29/browns-family-pathologist-questions-leaked-autopsy/18154107/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117173055/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/10/29/browns-family-pathologist-questions-leaked-autopsy/18154107/ |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Peace>{{cite news |first=Rick |last=Jervis |title=St. Louis Peace Fest focuses on Michael Brown's death |date=August 24, 2014 |access-date=February 22, 2015 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/24/peace-fest-michael-brown/14546371/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126170432/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/24/peace-fest-michael-brown/14546371/ |archive-date=November 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Probe>{{cite news |first1=Kevin |last1=Johnson |first2=Yamiche |last2=Alcindor |title=Probe finds insufficient evidence to charge Darren Wilson |date=January 22, 2015 |access-date=January 23, 2015 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/21/michael-brown-darren-wilson-shooting-charges/22127989/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123031254/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/01/21/michael-brown-darren-wilson-shooting-charges/22127989/ |archive-date=January 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Witness>{{cite news |first=Farrah |last=Fazal |title=Witness to Michael Brown shooting comes forward |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |website=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/ferguson-missouri-teen-shooting-witness/13992387/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817202400/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/08/13/ferguson-missouri-teen-shooting-witness/13992387/ |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=ViceSports.Rams>{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Wright |title='Hands Up, Don't Shoot' Is Bigger than Ferguson and Bigger than the Rams |date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |website=VICE Sports |url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/hands-up-dont-shoot-is-bigger-than-ferguson-and-bigger-than-the-rams |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202182845/https://sports.vice.com/article/hands-up-dont-shoot-is-bigger-than-ferguson-and-bigger-than-the-rams |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=VOA.Obama>{{cite news |title=Obama Wants More Police Funding After Ferguson Unrest |date=December 1, 2014 |access-date=December 2, 2014 |website=VOA News |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/president-obama-to-hold-white-house-meetings-about-ferguson/2540926.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202155236/http://www.voanews.com/content/president-obama-to-hold-white-house-meetings-about-ferguson/2540926.html |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Vox.FBI>{{cite news |first=Amanda |last=Taub |title=40 FBI agents are in Ferguson to investigate the shooting of Michael Brown |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |website=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/2014/8/16/6024539/federal-investigation-begins-40-fbi-agents-arrive-in-ferguson-michael-brown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085023/http://www.vox.com/2014/8/16/6024539/federal-investigation-begins-40-fbi-agents-arrive-in-ferguson-michael-brown |archive-date=August 19, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Acoustic>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Keating |title=Acoustic experts detail purported Ferguson shooting |date=September 2, 2014 |access-date=September 8, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/02/acoustic-experts-detail-purported-ferguson-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907200152/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/02/acoustic-experts-detail-purported-ferguson-shooting/ |archive-date=September 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Ambush>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Holley |title=Two New York City police officers are shot and killed in a brazen ambush in Brooklyn |date=December 20, 2014 |access-date=December 21, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/two-new-york-city-police-officers-are-shot-and-killed-in-a-brazen-ambush-in-brooklyn/2014/12/20/2a73f7ae-8898-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221064504/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/two-new-york-city-police-officers-are-shot-and-killed-in-a-brazen-ambush-in-brooklyn/2014/12/20/2a73f7ae-8898-11e4-9534-f79a23c40e6c_story.html |archive-date=December 21, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Audio>{{cite news |first=Erik |last=Wemple |title=CNN commentators doubt CNN Ferguson audio scoop |date=August 27, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2014/08/27/cnn-commentators-doubt-cnn-ferguson-audio-scoop/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827231744/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2014/08/27/cnn-commentators-doubt-cnn-ferguson-audio-scoop/ |archive-date=August 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Autopsy>{{cite news |first=Justin |last=Moyer |title=Autopsy: Michael Brown shot six times, twice in the head |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/18/autopsy-michael-brown-shot-six-times-twice-in-the-head/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822041041/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/18/autopsy-michael-brown-shot-six-times-twice-in-the-head/ |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Chaos>{{cite news |first1=Alberto |last1=Cuadra |first2=Lazaro |last2=Gamio |first3=Kimbriell |last3=Kelly |first4=Scott |last4=Higham |title=Chaos in a police vehicle |date=December 6, 2014 |access-date=December 15, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-reconstruction/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215233443/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-reconstruction/ |archive-date=December 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Collected>{{cite news |first1=Laris |last1=Karklis |first2=Emily |last2=Chow |title=What Ferguson police collected at the scene |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 4, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-diagram-of-the-scene/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205042741/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/national/ferguson-diagram-of-the-scene/ |archive-date=December 5, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.County>{{cite news |first1=Emily |last1=Wax-Thibodeaux |first2=Wesley |last2=Lowery |first3=Mark |last3=Berman |title=County investigation: Michael Brown was shot from the front, had marijuana in his system |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/18/county-investigation-michael-brown-was-shot-from-the-front-had-marijuana-in-his-system/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820144951/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/18/county-investigation-michael-brown-was-shot-from-the-front-had-marijuana-in-his-system/ |archive-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Diploma>{{cite news |first1=Wesley |last1=Lowery |first2=Todd C. |last2=Frankel |title=Mike Brown notched a hard-fought victory just days before he was shot: A diploma |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-brown-notched-a-hard-fought-victory-just-days-before-he-was-shot-a-diploma/2014/08/12/574d65e6-2257-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823122527/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mike-brown-notched-a-hard-fought-victory-just-days-before-he-was-shot-a-diploma/2014/08/12/574d65e6-2257-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-date=August 23, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Disbanded>{{cite news |first1=Carol D. |last1=Leonnig |first2=Kimberly |last2=Kindy |first3=Joel |last3=Achenbach |title=Darren Wilson's first job was on a troubled police force disbanded by authorities |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825233900/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/darren-wilsons-first-job-was-on-a-troubled-police-force-disbanded-by-authorities/2014/08/23/1ac796f0-2a45-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Even>{{cite news |first1=Wesley |last1=Lowery |first2=Carol D. |last2=Leonnig |first3=Mark |last3=Berman |title=Even before Michael Brown's slaying in Ferguson, racial questions hung over police |date=August 13, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/even-before-teen-michael-browns-slaying-in-mo-racial-questions-have-hung-over-police/2014/08/13/78b3c5c6-2307-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107061021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/even-before-teen-michael-browns-slaying-in-mo-racial-questions-have-hung-over-police/2014/08/13/78b3c5c6-2307-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Fair>{{cite news |first=Paul |last=Cassell |title=The Michael Brown grand jury process was fair |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 17, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/11/25/the-michael-brown-grand-jury-process-was-fair/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217105112/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/11/25/the-michael-brown-grand-jury-process-was-fair/ |archive-date=December 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.FBI>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Berman |title=FBI opens investigation into shooting of Michael Brown |date=August 11, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/11/fbi-opens-investigation-into-shooting-of-michael-brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812112527/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/11/fbi-opens-investigation-into-shooting-of-michael-brown/ |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Friend>{{cite news |first1=Wesley |last1=Lowery |first2=Darryl |last2=Fears |title=Michael Brown and Dorian Johnson, the friend who witnessed his shooting |date=August 31, 2014 |access-date=September 5, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting/2014/08/31/bb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904174538/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-brown-and-dorian-johnson-the-friend-who-witnessed-his-shooting/2014/08/31/bb9b47ba-2ee2-11e4-9b98-848790384093_story.html |archive-date=September 4, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Hands>{{cite news |first=Michelle Ye Hee |last=Lee |date=March 19, 2015 |access-date=April 28, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/03/19/hands-up-dont-shoot-did-not-happen-in-ferguson/ |title='Hands up, don't shoot' did not happen in Ferguson |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510021238/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2015/03/19/hands-up-dont-shoot-did-not-happen-in-ferguson/ |archive-date=May 10, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Inconsistency>{{cite news |first1=Sandhya |last1=Somashekhar |first2=Steven |last2=Rich |first3=Amy |last3=Brittain |title=Inconsistency the only constant with evidence in Michael Brown case |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inconsistency-the-only-constant-with-evidence-in-michael-brown-case/2014/11/25/6e3bc702-7450-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514152050/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inconsistency-the-only-constant-with-evidence-in-michael-brown-case/2014/11/25/6e3bc702-7450-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html |archive-date=May 14, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Military>{{cite news |first=Thomas |last=Gibbons-Neff |title=Military veterans see deeply flawed police response in Ferguson |date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815130837/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/08/14/military-veterans-see-deeply-flawed-police-response-in-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 15, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Outcome>{{cite news |first=Kimberly |last=Kindy |title=Q&A with Robert McCulloch: 'Some people regardless of the outcome...will not be happy' |date=September 25, 2014 |access-date=December 25, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/25/qa-st-louis-county-prosecutor-bob-mcculloch-on-the-grand-jury-considering-the-ferguson-shooting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227064224/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/25/qa-st-louis-county-prosecutor-bob-mcculloch-on-the-grand-jury-considering-the-ferguson-shooting/ |archive-date=December 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=WashPost.Partisan>{{cite news |first1=Dan |last1=Balz |first2=Scott |last2=Clement |title=Divide over Police Is Also Partisan |date=December 28, 2014 |access-date=December 30, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37524081.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112210/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37524081.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |url-access= }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Selma>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Berman |title=The New Yorker cover on Martin Luther King Jr. connects Selma and Ferguson |date=January 16, 2015 |access-date=January 20, 2015 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/01/16/the-new-yorker-cover-on-martin-luther-king-jr-connects-selma-and-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120174550/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/01/16/the-new-yorker-cover-on-martin-luther-king-jr-connects-selma-and-ferguson/ |archive-date=January 20, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Suspect>{{cite news |first1=Mark |last1=Berman |first2=Wesley |last2=Lowery |title=Ferguson police say Michael Brown was a robbery suspect, identify Darren Wilson as officer who shot him |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825143006/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/15/ferguson-police-releasing-name-of-officer-who-shot-michael-brown/ |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Three>{{cite news |first1=Manuel |last1=Roig-Franzia |first2=DeNeen L. |last2=Brown |first3=Wesley |last3=Lowery |title=In Ferguson, three minutes — and two lives forever changed |date=August 16, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-three-minutes--and-two-lives-forever-changed/2014/08/16/f28f5bc0-2588-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825194512/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-ferguson-three-minutes--and-two-lives-forever-changed/2014/08/16/f28f5bc0-2588-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.Unorthodox>{{cite news |first1=Jerry |last1=Markon |first2=Tom |last2=Hamburger |title=Unorthodox police procedures emerge in grand jury documents |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 16, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/seemingly-unorthodox-police-procedures-emerge-in-grand-jury-documents/2014/11/25/48152574-74e0-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217034335/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/seemingly-unorthodox-police-procedures-emerge-in-grand-jury-documents/2014/11/25/48152574-74e0-11e4-bd1b-03009bd3e984_story.html |archive-date=December 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.White>{{cite news |first=Nia-Malika |last=Henderson |title=White House officials to attend Michael Brown's funeral |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/23/white-house-officials-to-attend-michael-browns-funeral |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826082616/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/08/23/white-house-officials-to-attend-michael-browns-funeral/ |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WashPost.World>{{cite news |first1=Adam |last1=Taylor |first2=Rick |last2=Noack |title=How the rest of the world sees Ferguson |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/18/how-the-rest-of-the-world-sees-ferguson/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825193739/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/18/how-the-rest-of-the-world-sees-ferguson/ |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WDAF.Credentials>{{cite news |first=Shannon |last=O'Brien |title=Shawn Parcells' credentials, role in Michael Brown autopsy questioned by doctors |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=November 18, 2014 |publisher=WDAF |location=Kansas City, Missouri |url=http://fox4kc.com/2014/08/19/shawn-parcells-credentials-role-in-michael-brown-autopsy-questioned-by-doctors/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022120512/http://fox4kc.com/2014/08/19/shawn-parcells-credentials-role-in-michael-brown-autopsy-questioned-by-doctors/ |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WJLA.Fundraisers>{{cite news |title=Online fundraisers for both officer and Michael Brown's family surpass $100,000 each |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=April 20, 2015 |publisher=WJLA |location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/08/online-campaign-supporting-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-surpasses-100-000-in-donations-106322.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827195814/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/08/online-campaign-supporting-officer-who-shot-michael-brown-surpasses-100-000-in-donations-106322.html |archive-date=August 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WJLA.Lied>{{cite news |title=Ferguson witnesses admit they lied to grand jury |date=December 16, 2014 |access-date=April 27, 2015 |publisher=WJLA |location=Washington, D.C. |url=http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/12/ferguson-witnesses-admit-they-lied-to-grand-jury-109852.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227180646/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/12/ferguson-witnesses-admit-they-lied-to-grand-jury-109852.html |archive-date=December 27, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=WSJ.Testimony>{{cite news |title=Ferguson Grand Jury Transcripts Show Widely Varying Witness Testimony |date=n.d. |access-date=December 16, 2014 |website=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-grand-jury-transcripts-show-widely-varying-witness-testimony-1416948406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218080229/http://www.wsj.com/articles/ferguson-grand-jury-transcripts-show-widely-varying-witness-testimony-1416948406 |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
<ref name=Yahoo.Crowd>{{cite news |first=Alan Scher |last=Zagier |title=Missouri crowd after shooting: 'Kill the police' |date=August 10, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/missouri-crowd-shooting-kill-police-230624269.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812202107/http://news.yahoo.com/missouri-crowd-shooting-kill-police-230624269.html |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Yahoo.Feds>{{cite news |first1=Holbrook |last1=Mohr |first2=David A. |last2=Lieb |title=Feds: Evidence Backs Ferguson Officer's Account in Shooting |date=March 4, 2015 |access-date=March 9, 2015 |website=Yahoo! News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.yahoo.com/feds-evidence-backs-ferguson-officers-account-shooting-204518582.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307043844/http://news.yahoo.com/feds-evidence-backs-ferguson-officers-account-shooting-204518582.html |archive-date=March 7, 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name=Yahoo.Report>{{cite news |first=Jason |last=Sickles |title=Key report in Michael Brown shooting doesn't exist, Ferguson police say |date=September 25, 2014 |access-date=September 27, 2014 |publisher=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ferguson-police-internal-record-on-controversial-shooting-of-michael-brown-doesnt-exist-001401818.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928180543/http://news.yahoo.com/ferguson-police-internal-record-on-controversial-shooting-of-michael-brown-doesnt-exist-001401818.html |archive-date=September 28, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=USAToday.Apology>{{cite news |first=and Toppo, Greg |last=Coleman, Christina |title=Ferguson police chief issues apology to Brown family |date=September 25, 2014 |access-date=May 12, 2018 |publisher=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/michael-brown-case/16199575/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513155810/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/michael-brown-case/16199575/ |archive-date=May 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=NPR.ChiefResign>{{cite news |first=Miles |last=Parks |title=Ferguson, Mo., Police Chief Resigns Following Justice Department Report |date=March 11, 2015 |access-date=May 12, 2018 |publisher=National Public Radio |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/11/392381084/ferguson-mo-police-chief-resigns-following-justice-department-report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513153026/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/11/392381084/ferguson-mo-police-chief-resigns-following-justice-department-report |archive-date=May 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=McSpadden.CityCouncilRun>{{cite news |first=Brandon E. |last=Patterson |title=Michael Brown's Mother Is Considering a Run for Ferguson City Council |date=April 24, 2018 |access-date=May 13, 2018 |publisher=Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progress |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/michael-browns-mother-is-considering-a-run-for-ferguson-city-council/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513223746/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/04/michael-browns-mother-is-considering-a-run-for-ferguson-city-council/ |archive-date=May 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Shooting of Michael Brown}}{{Wikisource|1=Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson}}
* [http://fox2now.com/2014/08/15/raw-video-surveillance-video-believed-to-show-michael-brown-robbing-convenience-store/ Surveillance video that police contend shows Michael Brown robbing a convenience store.]
* [https://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/national/ferguson-police-department-incident-report-on-aug-9-robbery/1256/ Police Department incident report of contemporaneous convenience store robbery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216103116/http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/national/ferguson-police-department-incident-report-on-aug-9-robbery/1256/ |date=February 16, 2021 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XJ1Kh1CTB8 Chief of Ferguson Police Press Conference August 15, 2014]
* [http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/11/us/ferguson-grand-jury-docs/index.html Documents from the Ferguson grand jury]
* [https://www.stltoday.com/news/multimedia/special/the-testimony-the-grand-jury-heard-in-the-michael-brown/html_47d95368-a8f2-5ae1-9173-6653c15d0f0e.html Labelled grand jury testimony documents]
* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?322925-1/ferguson-missouri-grand-jury-decision-announcement Video of statement at end of grand jury along with press conference] and [https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/statement-of-st-louis-prosecuting-attorney-robert-p-mcculloch/article_2becfef3-9b4b-5e1e-9043-f586f389ef91.html transcript of statement]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/04/us/doj-report-on-shooting-of-michael-brown.html DOJ investigation report into shooting]
* [http://documents.latimes.com/michael-browns-family-files-civil-lawsuit-against-ferguson/ Michael Brown's family's civil lawsuit against Ferguson]
{{2014 Ferguson unrest}}
{{Black Lives Matter}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Michael}}
[[Category:Killing of Michael Brown| ]]
[[Category:2014 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:2014 in Missouri]]
[[Category:African-American history of Missouri]]
[[Category:African-American-related controversies]]
[[Category:August 2014 events in the United States]]
[[Category:Civil rights protests in the United States]]
[[Category:Crimes in Missouri]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Missouri]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in Missouri]]
[[Category:Ferguson, Missouri]]
[[Category:History of African-American civil rights]]
[[Category:History of St. Louis County, Missouri]]
[[Category:History of Greater St. Louis]]
[[Category:Law enforcement controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:Law enforcement in Missouri]]
[[Category:Mass media-related controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:Race and crime in the United States]]
[[Category:Self-defense]]