View source for Kleinite

{{Short description|Dimercury imide mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Kleinite
| boxwidth    =
| boxbgcolor  =
| image       = Kleinite-21676.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| alt         =
| caption     = Kleinite atop [[quartz]] from the McDermitt Mine
| category    =
| formula     = (Hg<sub>2</sub>N)(Cl,SO<sub>4</sub>) · nH<sub>2</sub>O
| strunz      = 3.DD.35
| dana        =
| system      = Hexagonal
| class       = Dihexagonal dipyramidal 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m)
| symmetry    =
| unit cell   = a = 6.762(2) Å, c = 11.068(3) Å, Z=4
| color       = Light to canary-yellow, orange
| habit       = Short prismatic to equant crystals exhibiting prominent {10{{overline|1}}0}, {20{{overline|2}}1}, and {0001}
| twinning    =
| cleavage    = Uneven on {0001}, imperfect on {10{{overline|1}}0}
| fracture    =
| tenacity    = Brittle
| mohs        = 3.5
| luster      = Adamantine to greasy
| streak      = Sulfur yellow
| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
| gravity     = 7.9-8.0
| density     =
| polish      =
| opticalprop = Uniaxial (+) (Biaxial below 130&nbsp;°C (biaxial negative) and uniaxial above 130&nbsp;°C (uniaxial positive). Isotropic above ~ 190&nbsp;°C)
| refractive  = n<sub>ω</sub> = 2.190 n<sub>ε</sub> = 2.210
| birefringence = δ = 0.020
| pleochroism =
| 2V          =
| dispersion  =
| extinction  =
| length fast/slow =
| fluorescence =
| absorption  =
| melt        =
| fusibility  =
| diagnostic  =
| solubility  =
| impurities  =
| alteration  =
| other       = Color deepens on exposure to daylight, original color returns in darkness
| prop1       =
| prop1text   =
| references  = <ref>[https://www.mindat.org/min-2225.html Kleinite data on Mindat]</ref><ref name="=Handbook of Mineralogy 2005"/>
}}
'''Kleinite''' is a rare [[mineral]] that has only been found in the United States and Germany that occurs in [[Hydrothermal circulation#Hydrothermal ore deposits|hydrothermal]] [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] deposits.<ref name="=Handbook of Mineralogy 2005"/> It occurs associated with [[calcite]], [[gypsum]] and (rarely) [[barite]] or [[calomel]].<ref name="USGS 1909"/> Its color can range from pale yellow/canary yellow to orange, and it is [[Transparency and translucency|transparent to translucent]].<ref name="=Handbook of Mineralogy 2005"/> As a [[photosensitive]] mineral, its coloration darkens when exposed to light.<ref name="Castor Ferdock 2004 p. 304"/>
It has been hypothesized that kleinite formed through a "reaction of [[cinnabar]] with oxidized [[meteoric water]]", with this reaction being the source of kleinite's [[nitrogen]].<ref name="Castor Ferdock 2004 p. 304"/>
==Etymology==
Kleinite is named after Carl Klein (1842–1907), who was a professor of [[mineralogy]] at the [[University of Berlin]].<ref name="=Handbook of Mineralogy 2005"/>
<gallery caption="" widths="240px" heights="150px">
File:Kleinite-Calcite-285098.jpg|Kleinite on [[calcite]], from McDermitt Mine (Cordero Mine; Old Cordero Mine), Opalite District, [[Humboldt County, Nevada|Humboldt County]], [[Nevada]], United States
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Halide minerals]]
* [[List of minerals]]
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="USGS 1909">{{cite book | author=[[United States Geological Survey]] | title=Bulletin | publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] | issue=nos. 405-407 | year=1909 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SJGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA10 | access-date=August 3, 2017 | page=10}}</ref>
<ref name="=Handbook of Mineralogy 2005">{{cite web | title=Kleinite | publisher=Handbook of Mineralogy | date=2005 | url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/kleinite.pdf | access-date=August 3, 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Castor Ferdock 2004 p. 304">{{cite book | last1=Castor | first1=S.B. | last2=Ferdock | first2=G.C. | title=Minerals of Nevada | publisher=University of Nevada Press | issue=31 | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-87417-540-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flAhr0MbxM8C&pg=PA304 | access-date=August 3, 2017 | page=304 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}
==External links==
* {{commonscat-inline|Kleinite}}
[[Category:Mercury minerals]]
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