View source for Komárom

{{short description|City in Komárom-Esztergom county Hungary}}
{{other uses|Komarno (disambiguation)}}
{{morefootnotes|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- General information -->
|official_name          =Komárom
|other_name             =
|settlement_type        =[[List of cities and towns of Hungary|Town]]
|image_shield           =HUN Komárom Címer.svg
|image_flag             =Flag of Komárom (variant).svg
|image_skyline          ={{nowrap|[[File:Komárom - Fort Igmánd.jpg|252px]]<br/>[[File:Hungary, Komárom, a Városháza a Szabadság téren 001.JPG|125px]][[File:Hungary, Komárom, a Petőfi Sándor általános iskola a Szabadság téren.JPG|125px]]}}
<!-- Pushpin map -->
|pushpin_map            =Hungary
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location of Komárom in Hungary
<!-- Political information -->
|subdivision_type       =Country
|subdivision_name       =[[Hungary]]
|subdivision_type1      =[[List of regions of Hungary|Region]]
|subdivision_name1      =[[{{Hungarian county region|Komárom-Esztergom}}]]
|subdivision_type2      =[[Counties of Hungary|County]]
|subdivision_name2      ={{Hungarian county link|Komárom-Esztergom}}
|subdivision_type3      =[[Subregions of Hungary|Subregion]]
|subdivision_name3      =[[Komárom District|Komárom]]
|subdivision_type6      =Rank
|subdivision_name6      ={{Hungarian settlement rank name|város}}
<!-- Geographical information -->
|area_total_km2         =70.19
|area_footnotes         =<ref name="ksh_cite_area">[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/!cp.hnt2.telep?nn=05449 Komárom] at the [[Hungarian Central Statistical Office]] (Hungarian).</ref>
|coordinates            ={{coord|47|44|25|N|18|7|28|E|region:HU|display=inline,title}}
<!-- Demographical information -->
|postal_code            =2900
|postal_code_type       =[[Postal code]]
|area_code              =+36 34
|area_code_type         =[[Telephone numbers in Hungary|Area code]]
|timezone               =[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset             =+1
|timezone_DST           =[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST         =+2
|total_type             =Total
|population_total       =18805<ref>[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=05449 Komárom, KSH]</ref>
|population_density_km2 =auto
|population_density_urban_km2 =auto
|population_density_metro_km2 =auto
|population_as_of       =2017
|population_footnotes   =<ref name="ksh_cite_population">[http://www.ksh.hu/apps/!cp.hnt2.telep?nn=05449 Komárom] at the [[Hungarian Central Statistical Office]] (Hungarian). 2017</ref>
|blank_name             =[[Hungarian Central Statistical Office|KSH code]]
|blank_info             =05449<ref name="ksh_cite_area"/>
|website                ={{wikidata|property|P856}}
}}
'''Komárom''' (Hungarian: {{IPAc-hu|'|k|o|m|á|r|o|m}}; {{langx|de|Komorn}}; {{langx|la|Brigetio}}, later {{lang|la|Comaromium}}; {{langx|sk|Komárno}}) is a city in [[Hungary]] on the south bank of the [[Danube]] in [[Komárom-Esztergom County]]. Komárom fortress played an important role in the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]] and many contemporary English sources refer to it as the Fortress of Comorn.<ref>e.g. {{Cite book |last1=Ripley |first1=George |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iiXQ4MK_9nsC |title=The New American Cyclopaedia |last2=Anderson |first2=Charles |publisher=D. Appleton |year=1860 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iiXQ4MK_9nsC&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363 362]}}</ref> On the south bank of the Danube, Komárom was formerly a separate village called Újszőny. On the northern bank of the Danube Komárom and Újszőny were connected with an iron bridge in 1892 and the two towns were united under the name city of Komárom in 1896. On 4th June 1920, the [[Treaty of Trianon]] split the city in two because the borders of [[Czechoslovakia]] were determined by the river [[Danube]]. This division separated the historical [[Komárom County|Komárom county]] of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the city of Komárom. The bigger northern part of the city was attached to [[Czechoslovakia]], renamed [[Komárno]], its created a sizable [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Hungarian minority]] in present-day [[Slovakia]]. The southern part of the city, lying south of the Danube, remained in Hungary. On 2 November 1938 by the [[First Vienna Award]], the northern part of the city was returned to Hungary and the divided Komárom reunified. At the end of [[World War II]] the city was again divided between Hungary and Czechoslovakia, Komárno is in today's [[Slovakia]] on the northern bank of the Danube.
== History ==
Following the [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]] at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, Prince [[Árpád]] gave Komárom and the [[Komárom county]] vicinity to tribal chieftain [[Ketel]]. Ketel was the first known ancestor of the famous [[Koppán (genus)]] clan. At the beginning of the 12th century, this tribe founded the town's Benedictine Monastery in honor of the Blessed Virgin, mentioned in 1222 by the name of Monostorium de Koppán. The Turks destroyed much of the monastery and its surroundings in 1529, and the area was thus depopulated. Later references refer to it as the Pioneer Monastery (<em>Pusztamonostor</em>). Presently, it is called Koppánymonostor (<em>Koppán's Monastery</em>) in honor of its founding family. Roman ruins (including a stone mile marker and watchtowers) still stand today.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.komarom.hu/monostor/index.html |title= Koppánymonostor (in Hungarian) |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher= city of Komárom, Hungary |access-date= April 26, 2018}}</ref>
The town was heavily damaged in the [[1763 Komárom earthquake]].
Between 1850 and 1871 the [[Fort Monostor]] (<em>Monostori Erőd</em>) was built nearby.
On 10th January 1919, the Czechoslovak army occupied the northern part of the city. On 30th April, an unsuccessful Hungarian attempt was made to recapture that part of the city.<ref name="Komárom city website">{{Cite web |title=History of the city |url=https://www.komarom.hu/komaromrol.php |website=Komárom City Website |language=Hungarian}}</ref> On 4th June 1920, Hungary was forced to sign the [[Treaty of Trianon]] recognizing the new imposed borders including the border with [[Czechoslovakia]]. The loss of [[Upper Hungary|Upper-Hungary]] created a sizable [[Hungarians in Slovakia|Hungarian minority in Slovakia]]. The Treaty of Trianon split the city in two, the state of Czechoslovakia was formed the borders of the country on the river [[Danube]] divided the historical [[Komárom County|Komárom county]] and the city of Komárom.<ref name="Komarno city website">{{Cite web |title=The City of Komarno - Take a breath of history |url=https://komarno.sk/en/city/history/ |website=Komarno City Website}}</ref> The northern part of the city, which was the bigger part of the city, became part of Czechoslovakia, the town on the northern shore was renamed to [[Komárno]].<ref name="Komárom city website" /> After setting up the Czechoslovak administration, the ethnic composition of Komárno partially changed, but the Hungarians still outnumbered the Slovak population. During the years of the [[First Czechoslovak Republic]], Komárno became the cultural and social centre of the Hungarians in Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Komarno city website" /> The southern part of the city remained in Hungary, called Komárom-Újváros, was for a few years the seat of the truncated Komárom County.<ref name="Komárom city website" /> During the [[interwar period]], it was possible to travel between Komárom and Komárno with a passport, the only restriction was that the bridge was closed at 23:00, and people had to get back by then.<ref name="Komárom city website" /> On 2 November 1938 by the [[First Vienna Award]], Komárno was returned to Hungary and the divided Komárom reunified and became a county town once again.<ref name="Komarno city website" /> Regent of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Miklós Horthy]] receiving a tumultuous welcome from the citizens as he crossed the old bridge and entered the formerly dismembered part.<ref>{{cite AV media|url-status = dead|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs1NjePbPho|title = YouTube, a Google company|website = [[YouTube]]|access-date = 2018-03-05|archive-date = 2019-06-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190610174719/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hs1NjePbPho}}</ref> During the [[World War II]] it was bombarded many times. At the end of war the city was again divided between Hungary and Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Komarno city website" />
After World War II the occupying Soviets built the country's biggest ammunition storage in the Fortress of Monostor. Thousands of wagons of ammunition were forwarded from this strictly guarded area. One of a series of forts, the Monostor is today open to the public as a museum.
Komárom and Komárno are connected by two bridges: The older iron bridge, and a newer lifting bridge. Currently a third bridge is under construction with estimated completion by 2020/2021. The vast majority of its funding coming from the [[European Union]]'s [[Connecting Europe Facility]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/general/news/new-danube-river-bridge-to-get-100-million-finance-from-eu/|title = Home}}</ref>
The two towns used to be a border crossing between Czechoslovakia (today Slovakia) and Hungary, until both countries became part of the [[Schengen Area]], resulting in all immigration and customs checks being lifted on December 12, 2007.
{| class="infobox" style="float:center;"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | '''Significant minority groups'''
|-
! Nationality||| Population (2011)
|-
|{{flag|Germany}} || 163
|-
|{{flag|Slovakia}}  || 125
|-
|{{flag|Romania}} ||  30
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}} || 25
|-
|{{flag|Poland}} || 12
|-
|}
== Notable people ==
* [[Franz Heckenast]] (1889–1939), Austrian artillery officer and opponent of Nazism
* [[Jovan Monasterlija]] (d. 1706), Serb vice-voivode and Habsburg imperial officer
* [[Julie Kopacsy-Karczag]] (1867–1957), operatic soprano
* Cardinal [[Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch]] (1631–1707), Catholic prelate
* [[Franz Lehár]] (1870–1948), Austro-Hungarian composer
* [[Theodor Körner (Austrian president)|Theodor Körner]], Austrian President
* [[Mór Jókai]] (1825–1904), writer
* [[Hans Selye]] (1907–1982), Hungarian-Austrian-Canadian [[endocrinologist]]
* [[Tünde Szabó (actress)|Tünde Szabó]] (1945–2021), Hungarian actress
* [[Péter Szijjártó]] (born 1978), Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hon. Péter Szijjártó - Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary |work=The 2016 Global 500 Who Is Who Book of Records (Global Lifetime Achievement Award Winners) |publisher=Public Opinions International |url=http://pubopinions.org/the-2016-global-500-who-is-who-book-of-records/1039-hon-p%C3%A9ter-szijj%C3%A1rt%C3%B3-minister-of-foreign-affairs-and-trade-of-hungary.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025110022/http://pubopinions.org/the-2016-global-500-who-is-who-book-of-records/1039-hon-p%C3%A9ter-szijj%C3%A1rt%C3%B3-minister-of-foreign-affairs-and-trade-of-hungary.html |archive-date=25 October 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[:hu:Komáromi Kacz Endre|Endre Komaromi-katz]], painter <ref>{{Cite web|title=Komáromi-katz Endre |publisher=Hungarian Art Portal (Nemzeti Kulturális Alap) |url=http://artportal.hu/lexikon/muveszek/komaromi-katz-endre-5176 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124644/http://artportal.hu/lexikon/muveszek/komaromi-katz-endre-5176 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}}
Komárom is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Testvérváros|url=http://www.komarom.hu/testv.php|website=komarom.hu|publisher=Komárom|language=hu|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Új testvérvárosi megállapodást kötünk|url=http://www.komarom.hu/hir.php?hirid=4639|website=komarom.hu|publisher=Komárom|language=hu|date=2018-04-28|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gratwein-Straßengel]], Austria
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Khust]], Ukraine
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Komárno]], Slovakia
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Lieto]], Finland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Naumburg]], Germany
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Sebeș]], Romania
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Sosnowiec]], Poland
{{div col end}}
== See also ==
* [[Komárno]]
* [[Komárom county]]
* [[Fort Monostor]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Komárom}}
* {{Official website|http://www.komarom.hu/}} in Hungarian, English, German and Slovak
* [http://www.civertan.hu/legifoto/legifoto.php?page_level=322 Aerial photography: Komárom]
* [https://archive.today/20130218052552/http://wiki.utikonyvem.hu/hu/index.php?title=Komárom Komárom on wiki.utikonyvem.hu]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090214235020/http://www.internationalauctioneers.com/int/lot_detail.asp?LotID=144&AucID=5881 "The Battle at Comorn in Hungary on 11th July 1849" -  painting by Albrecht Adam, 1855]
{{Komárom District}}
{{Komárom-Esztergom}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Komarom}}
[[Category:Komárom| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Komárom-Esztergom County]]
[[Category:Divided cities]]
[[Category:Hungary–Slovakia border crossings]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Danube]]