View source for Kurash

{{Short description|Folk wrestling styles practiced in Central Asia}}
{{For|the village in Iran|Kurash, Iran}}
[[Image:Көрәш.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Kurash on a Sabantuy]]
'''Köräş''' (also '''kuresh''', '''koresh''', '''küreş''', '''güreş''' and similar variants) refers to a number of [[folk wrestling]] styles practiced in [[Central Asia]].
Köräş wrestlers [[Wrestling in Turkey|(Turkish:Güreş]]{{langx|tt-Cyrl|көрәшчеләр}}, ''köräşçelär''; {{langx|alt|кӱрешчилер}}, ''küreščiler'') use towels to hold their opponents, and their goal is to throw their opponents off the feet.<ref name=dray2012/> The wrestling is the main competition at the folk festival [[Sabantuy]].<ref name=dray2012>{{cite web|last=Drayton|first=James|title=Sabantuy|url=http://hometoroam.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/sabantuy.html|work=home to roam|date=4 July 2012|access-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>
The sport is called ''{{lang|az|گولش / ҝүләш / güləş}}'' in [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]], ''{{lang|ba|көрәш}}'' in [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]], ''{{lang|cv|кӗрешӳ}}'' in [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]], ''{{lang|kk|күрес / küres}}'' in [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], ''{{lang|ky|күрөш / küröş}}'' in [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], ''{{lang|cjs|кӱреш / küreş}}'' in [[Shor language|Shor]], ''{{lang|tt|küreş / күреш / көрәш / kөrəş}}'' in [[Tatar language|Tatar]], ''{{lang|tr|güreş}}'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], ''{{lang|tk|göreş}}'' in [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]], and ''{{lang|uz|kurash}}'' in [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], all derived from [[Old Turkic language|Old Turkic]] ''küreş''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarihçe {{!}} Türkiye Güreş Federasyonu |url=https://tgf.tr/tarihce |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=tgf.tr}}</ref>
[[Image:Koeraesh.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Tatar-style wrestling, "Köräş"]]
==History==
The first official All-USSR koresh championship took place in [[Kazan]] in 1928 and was followed by the first TASSR (Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) national championship in 1949. Since 1956, regular Tatar Köräş competitions have been organized in honor of the national hero and poet [[Musa Cälil]].{{fact|date=December 2023}}
At the turn of 1950 and 1960, the Soviet ''Federation of freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, and sambo'' started to develop Tatar Köräş. Sportsmen from the neighbour regions, such as [[Bashkortostan]], [[Mordovia]], and [[Ulyanovsk|Ulyanovsk City]] came to compete in Kazan for the first time in 1959. In 1960, the capital of Tatarstan was appointed host of the first [[RSFSR]] (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) national koresh championship, an event that has been repeated every year since that date. It was organized in Kazan about 15 times, but also in other cities, such as [[Salavat, Russia|Salavat]], [[Orenburg]], [[Oktyabrsky, Republic of Bashkortostan|Oktyabrsky]], [[Tuymazy]], [[Chelyabinsk]], [[Cheboksary]], [[Almetievsk]], [[Samara, Russia|Samara]], [[Ulyanovsk]], [[Naberezhnye Chelny]]. Sportsmen from 36 Russian regions have participated in the Russian championships over the past years.{{fact|date=December 2023}}
==Events==
The  International Kurash Association (IKA), founded in 1998, holds championships since 1999. World Senior championships were held in [[Tashkent]] (Uzbekistan) in 1999, in [[Antalya]] (Turkey) in 2000, in [[Budapest]] (Hungary) in 2001, in [[Yerevan]] (Armenia) in 2002, in Tashkent (Uzbekistan) in 2005, in [[Ulaanbaatar]] (Mongolia) in 2007, in [[Alushta]] (Ukraine) in 2009,<ref name="istoriya-kurasha">{{cite web|title=History of Kurash|url=https://kurash-ika.org/en/istoriya-kurasha/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225194957/https://kurash-ika.org/en/istoriya-kurasha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> in [[Termez]] (Uzbekistan) in 2011,<ref>{{cite web|title=VIII World senior championships. Day one|date=2011-10-22|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/viii-chempionat-mira-den-pervy-j/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref> in [[Istanbul]] (Turkey) in 2013,<ref>{{cite web|title=IX World Championships day one results|date=2013-12-14|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-pervogo-dnya-chempionata-mira/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref> and in [[Khorramabad]] (Iran) in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=X World Kurash Senior Championships — Day One|date=2015-11-05|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-pervogo-dnya-chempionata-mira-po-kurashu-v-irane/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=30 August 2016}}</ref> The XI World Senior Championships will be held in Istanbul (Turkey) in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=IKA calendar 2016-2018|url=http://kurash-ika.org/userfiles/files/IKA_calendar_2016-2018_upd_11aug16.pdf|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=30 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916202737/http://kurash-ika.org/userfiles/files/IKA_calendar_2016-2018_upd_11aug16.pdf|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The International Tatar Belt Wrestling Köräş Association was founded on 9 September 2009 with the aim of popularizing Tatar traditions abroad and offer Continental and World opportunities to all sportsmen wishing to compete in Tatar Köräş. It became a member of [[International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles|FILA]]'s World Traditional Wrestling Committee in 2009 and held its second World Championship during the [[International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles|FILA]] World Wrestling Games that took place in [[Šiauliai]] (LTU) in September 2009. The third World Championship was held in [[Kazan]] in May 2010 and attracted a participation of about 100 wrestlers from 17 countries.{{fact|date=December 2023}}
Kurash made its debut at the [[2018 Asian Games]] which was held in [[Jakarta]] and [[Palembang]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/31/asian-games-2018-underdog-indonesian-shocks-favorites-to-win-bronze.html|title=Asian Games: Underdog Indonesian shocks favorites to win bronze|author=Fachrul Sidiq|date=August 31, 2018|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=31 August 2018}}</ref> It also made its debut at the [[2019 Southeast Asian Games|30th Southeast Asian Games]] hosted by the [[Philippines]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/11/30/19/philippines-set-to-mark-largest-sea-games-opening-with-grand-ceremony|title=Philippines ready to hold 'largest' SEA Games opening with grand ceremony|date=November 30, 2019|website=ABS-CBN News}}</ref>
===World Kurash Championships===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=175|Country
!width=30|Events
!width=30|Ref
|-
|1||[[1999 World Kurash Championships|1999]] || [[Tashkent]] || align="left"|{{UZB}} ||3 ||<ref name="istoriya-kurasha"/>
|-
|2||[[2000 World Kurash Championships|2000]] || [[Antalya]] || align="left"|{{TUR}} ||4 ||
|-
|3||[[2001 World Kurash Championships|2001]] || [[Budapest]] || align="left"|{{HUN}} ||2 ||
|-
|4||[[2014 World Kurash Championships|2002]] || [[Yerevan]] || align="left"|{{ARM}} ||7 ||
|-
|5||[[2005 World Kurash Championships|2005]] || [[Tashkent]] || align="left"|{{UZB}} ||13 ||
|-
|6||[[2007 World Kurash Championships|2007]] || [[Ulaanbaatar]] || align="left"|{{MGL}} ||11 ||
|-
|7||[[2009 World Kurash Championships|2009]] || [[Alushta]] || align="left"|{{UKR}} ||14 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=VII World senior championships in Alushta, Ukraine|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/vii-chempionat-mira-sredi-vzrosly-h-v-alushte-ukraina-2/|publisher=International Kurash Association}}</ref>
|-
|8||[[2011 World Kurash Championships|2011]] || [[Termez]] || align="left"|{{UZB}} ||14 ||
|-
|9||[[2013 World Kurash Championships|2013]] || [[Istanbul]] || align="left"|{{TUR}} ||15 ||
|-
|10||[[2015 World Kurash Championships|2015]] || [[Khorramabad]] || align="left"|{{IRI}} ||8 ||
|-
|11||[[2017 World Kurash Championships|2017]] || [[Istanbul]] || align="left"|{{TUR}} ||15 ||
|-
|12||[[2019 World Kurash Championships|2019]] || [[Chung-ju]] || align="left"|{{KOR}} ||15 ||
|-
|14||[[2023 World Kurash Championships|2023]] || [[Aşgabat]] || align="left"|{{TKM}} ||15 <ref>[https://turkmenportal.com/blog/70040/chempionat-mira-po-kurashu-v-ashhabade-stanet-rekordnym-po-kolichestvu-uchastnikov Чемпионат мира по курашу в Ашхабаде станет рекордным по количеству участников]</ref>||
|}
=== World Junior Kurash Championships (U20) ===
{{main|World Junior Kurash Championships}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center
|-
!width=30|Edition
!width=30|Year
!width=100|Host City
!width=175|Country
!width=30|Events
!width=30|Ref
|-
|1||[[2000 World Junior Kurash Championships|2000]] || [[Tver]]  || align="left"|{{RUS}} || ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Results of I World Cadet Championships|date=2006-09-10|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-i-chempionata-mira-sredi-kadetov/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717064945/http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-i-chempionata-mira-sredi-kadetov/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2||[[2002 World Junior Kurash Championships|2002]] ||  ||  || ||
|-
|3||[[2004 World Junior Kurash Championships|2004]] || [[Shahrisabz]] || align="left"|{{UZB}} ||9 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Results of III World Junior champs|date=2004-11-01|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/rezul-taty-iii-chempionata-mira-sredi-molodezhi/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723071508/http://kurash-ika.org/en/rezul-taty-iii-chempionata-mira-sredi-molodezhi/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|4||[[2006 World Junior Kurash Championships|2006]] || [[Santo Domingo]] || align="left"|{{DOM}} ||9 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Results of the IV World Junior Championships|date=2006-10-21|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-chempionata-mira-v-dominikanskoj-respublike/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723192837/http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-chempionata-mira-v-dominikanskoj-respublike/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|5||[[2008 World Junior Kurash Championships|2008]] ||  ||  || ||
|-
|6||[[2010 World Junior Kurash Championships|2010]] || [[New Delhi]] || align="left"|{{IND}} ||14 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=World champions in Kurash|date=2010-12-18|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/chempiony-mira-po-kurashu/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717064945/http://kurash-ika.org/en/chempiony-mira-po-kurashu/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|7||[[2012 World Junior Kurash Championships|2012]] || [[Bournemouth]] || align="left"|{{GBR}} ||7 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=The World Junior Championships finishes in UK|date=2012-10-28|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/v-velikobritanii-zavershilsya-chempionat-mira/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717065139/http://kurash-ika.org/en/v-velikobritanii-zavershilsya-chempionat-mira/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|8||[[2016 World Junior Kurash Championships|2016]] || [[Kochi]] || align="left"|{{IND}} ||13 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Results of second competition day at World Champs in India|date=2016-11-13|url=http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-vtorogo-dnya-chempionata-mira-v-indii/|publisher=International Kurash Association|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-date=2019-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717065140/http://kurash-ika.org/en/itogi-vtorogo-dnya-chempionata-mira-v-indii/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}
==Kurash rules==
Contestants attempt to score (and finish the match) with high amplitude throws. The trousers or legs may not be grabbed.{{fact|date=December 2023}}
There are three scoring points viz. Halal, Yonbosh and Chala. The player who scores a Halal wins the fight. To score a Halal you need to throw your opponent on his back with full control, force and speed. The throw that is close to Halal is given Yonbosh. Two Yonbosh throws make a Halal. The throw that is close to Yonbosh is called Chala. No number of Chala can equal a Yonbosh. There are three penalties in Kurash. The first penalty is called Tanbekh, second penalty is Dakki and the third penalty is Gʻirrom which means disqualification. The fight starts with salutation which is called Ta'zim. And to pause the bout Tokhta is used and to cancel a point Bekar is used.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/oCBT165EAX0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310103032/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCBT165EAX0 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|title=Kurash Wrestling Rules|date=20 July 2015|publisher=Insight India|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCBT165EAX0|access-date=25 July 2015|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Alysh]]
*[[Mongolian wrestling]]
*[[Wrestling in Turkey]]
*[[Yagli gures|Yağlı güreş]]
*[[Karakucak]]
*[[Ssireum]]
*[[Sumo]]
*[[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]
*[[Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals|Zoorkhaneh]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527230016/http://www.fila-official.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=704&Itemid=100349&lang=en Tatar traditional wrestling]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130807201230/http://tatarkoresh.ru/en/ Federation of national wrestling «Tatarcha Koresh» of Russian Federation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031002020716/http://www.kurash-ika.org/home-e.php International Kurash Association]
* [http://www.hsma1.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=54-e.php Canadian Kurash Webpage]
* [http://www.hsma1.com/images/kurash_uzbek_eng.pdf Gennady Saakov, Timur Tamaschunk, Peter Ben Rozen - ''Kurash Uzbek Bukhara Wrestling Style'',  Timur Tanaschuk, 2005]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.
{{folk wrestling}}
{{Main world championships}}
[[Category:Kurash| ]]
[[Category:Sport in Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Folk wrestling styles]]
[[Category:Tatar culture]]
[[Category:Bashkir culture]]
[[Category:Traditional sports of Iran]]