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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = KwaDukuza
| other_name              = Stanger
| image_caption           = View of Stanger with the Indian Ocean in the distance
| pushpin_map             = South Africa KwaZulu-Natal#South Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|29|20|00|S|31|17|30|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[KwaZulu-Natal]]
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_name2       = [[iLembe District Municipality|iLembe]]
| subdivision_type3       = Municipality
| subdivision_name3       = [[KwaDukuza Local Municipality|KwaDukuza]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| established_date        = 1825 as Dukuza, 1873 as Stanger<ref name="sahistory-kwadukuza">{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/places/villages/kwazuluNatal/Stanger/chronology.htm|title=KwaDUKUZA / STANGER – A History|publisher=sahistory.org|access-date=2009-08-31}}</ref>
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/592012 |title = Main Place KwaDukuza |work=Census 2011}} </ref>
| area_total_km2          = 102.37
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="census2011" />
| population_total        = 101224
| population_as_of        = 2023
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="census2011" />
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 53.0%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 1.9%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 43.7%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 0.7%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.7%
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="census2011" />
| demographics2_title1    = [[South African English|English]]
| demographics2_info1     = 47.7%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info2     = 46.0%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info3     = 1.4%
| demographics2_title4    =
| demographics2_info4     =
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 4.8%
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 4449
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 4450
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
}}
'''[[KwaDukuza Local Municipality|KwaDukuza]]''', previously known as '''Stanger''', is a town in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]]. In 2006, the municipal name was changed to KwaDukuza (which incorporates towns such as Stanger, [[Ballito]] and [[Shakaskraal]]), but the [[Zulu people]] in the area called it "Dukuza"<!--sic--> well before then.
The city has undergone minor economic construction since 2015, having built a multi-million rand regional shopping mall in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kwadukuzamall.com/store-directory/ |title = Store Directory – Kwadukuza Regional Mall}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.5stardurban.co.za/kwadukuza-mall-celebrates-2nd-birthday/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026210620/http://www.5stardurban.co.za/kwadukuza-mall-celebrates-2nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2020-10-26 |title=KWADUKUZA MALL CELEBRATES 2ND BIRTHDAY - 5 Star Durban - Showcasing Beautiful KwaZulu-Natal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/Local/Stanger-Weekly/kwadukuza-malls-social-media-success-20181121 |title = KwaDukuza Mall’s social media success {{!}} News24}}</ref> KwaDukuza also has a college called North Coast Agricultural College located in Shakaskraal.
=={{anchor|Timeline|Early history|European settlers|Modern town}}History==
[[File:Albert Luthuli.jpg|thumb|alt=Statue in park of smiling African man in a suit|Albert Luthuli statue in KwaDukuza]]
[[File:Shaka Zulu Memorial.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Engraved "Tshaka" monument in park|King Shaka memorial stone in KwaDukuza]]
The town was founded in about 1820 by King [[Shaka]] and was named KwaDukuza ({{langx|zu|Place of the Lost Person}}) because of the capital's labyrinth of huts. After Shaka was assassinated on 22 September 1828 during a [[coup]] by two of his half-brothers, [[Dingane]] and [[Umthlangana]] (Mhlangane), the city was burnt to the ground. In 1873, European settlers built a town on the site, naming it Stanger after [[William Stanger (surveyor)|William Stanger]], the surveyor-general of Natal.
Stanger became a municipality in 1949 and is the commercial, magisterial and railway centre of an important sugar-producing district. A small museum adjoins the site of [[Shaka Memorial|Shaka's grave]], a grain pit in the city centre. The city and its vibrant inhabitants are surrounded by [[sugar cane]] fields, bush and the [[mahogany]] tree where Shaka held meetings, which still stands in front of the municipal offices. The Shaka Day festival, a colourful ceremony of 10,000 or more Zulus, is held at the KwaDukuza Recreation Grounds on 24 September every year. The festival is usually attended by dignitaries to mark the significance of the [[Zulu people|Zulu]] nation.
In 2006, the Minister of Arts and Culture approved a name change from Stanger to KwaDukuza, which was published in the ''[[Government Gazette of South Africa]]'' on 3 March 2006.
The KwaDukuza Museum houses historical items and information on Shaka, the sugar industry and local history. The town has a South Asian influence because of the influx of labourers from [[India]] in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries for sugarcane barons, such as [[Liege Hulett]]. The first few hundred Indian families left [[Port Natal]] for the cane farms on 17 November 1860. The importation of Indian labourers was stopped in 1911, when their numbers exceeded 100,000. Most Indians did not return when their work contracts expired, but exchanged their return-trip passes for money or property. The growth of the Indian community changed the economic and cultural nature of the town and has successfully developed it into what it is today. Celebrations include [[Diwali]] and the Winter Fair, the latter being a fundraiser for child welfare. {{Citation needed|reason=No source for museum information|date=March 2022}}
In July, 2021, the town was significantly impacted by large scale looting, vandalism, property damage and civil unrest caused during the [[2021 South African unrest]], much to the dismay of the [[Indian South African|Indian]] population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news24.com/witness/news/kzn/watch-protesters-storm-kwadukuza-cbd-and-tongaat-in-kzn-20210712 |title = WATCH {{!}} Protesters storm KwaDukuza CBD and Tongaat in KZN {{!}} Witness}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://northcoastcourier.co.za/174281/watch-mass-looting-across-kwadukuza-and-mandeni/ |title = WATCH: Mass looting across KwaDukuza and Mandeni {{!}} North Coast Courier}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news24.com/witness/news/kzn/fear-gripped-kwazulu-natal-residents-on-monday-night-while-others-partied-20210713 |title = Fear gripped KwaZulu-Natal residents on Monday night while others partied {{!}} Witness}}</ref>
{{clear}}
== Law and government ==
KwaDukuza forms part of the [[KwaDukuza Local Municipality]] and the larger [[iLembe District Municipality]], serving as the seat for both municipalities. It has a [[Magistrates' Courts of South Africa|Magistrate's Court]] and most central and provincial government departments maintain regional branches or other offices in the town.
== Geography ==
Located on the hilly [[North Coast (KwaZulu-Natal)|North Coast]] of [[KwaZulu-Natal]], KwaDukuza lies approximately 73 km (45 mi) north-west of [[Durban]] and 106 km (67 mi) south-west of [[Richards Bay]]. Morevover, the town is situated 8 kilometres (5 miles) inland from Blythedale Beach on the Mbozamo River.
The nearest settlements to KwaDukuza other than Blythedale Beach include [[Darnall, KwaZulu-Natal|Darnall]] (12 km), [[Shakaskraal]] (16 km), Tinley Manor Beach (18 km), [[Zinkwazi Beach]] (21 km) and [[Ballito]] (30 km).
===Suburban areas===
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census 2011: Main Place: Stanger |url=https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/592012 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=census2011.adrianfrith.com}}</ref>
* Dawnside
* Gledhow
* Glen Hills
* High Ridge
* Larkfield
* Northlands
* Shakville
* Stanger Ext 2
* Stanger Ext 3
* Stanger Ext 5
* Stanger Ext 6
* Stanger Ext 7
* Stanger Ext 8
* Stanger Ext 9
* Stanger Ext 10
* Stanger Ext 12
* Stanger Ext 14
* Stanger Ext 15
* Stanger Ext 17
* Stanger Ext 18
* Stanger Ext 19
* Stanger Ext 21
* Stanger Ext 22
* Stanger Ext 24
* Stanger Ext 25
* Stanger Ext 26
* Stanger Ext 27
* Stanger Ext 29
* Stanger Ext 31
* Stanger Ext 32
* Stanger Ext 33
* Stanger Ext 34
* Stanger Ext 35
* Townview
* Warrenton
===Climate===
The [[Köppen–Geiger climate classification system]] classifies the KwaDuzuka climate as [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (Cfa),<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/27345/ |title=Climate: KwaDukuza - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2014-01-17}}</ref> with more [[rain]] in the summer.
The highest record temperature was {{convert|43|C}} on February 3, 2008, and the lowest record temperature was {{convert|5|C}} on June 12, 2013.<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{Cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/south-africa/stanger |title=Stanger, South Africa |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=2014-01-17}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=KwaDukuza
|Jan record high C=40
|Feb record high C=43
|Mar record high C=41
|Apr record high C=38
|May record high C=39
|Jun record high C=37
|Jul record high C=35
|Aug record high C=39
|Sep record high C=43
|Oct record high C=41
|Nov record high C=41
|Dec record high C=41
|Jan high C=28.4
|Feb high C=28.7
|Mar high C=28.3
|Apr high C=26.5
|May high C=24.8
|Jun high C=23.2
|Jul high C=22.8
|Aug high C=23.8
|Sep high C=24.6
|Oct high C=25.2
|Nov high C=26.2
|Dec high C=27.8
|Jan mean C=24.2
|Feb mean C=24.5
|Mar mean C=23.9
|Apr mean C=21.8
|May mean C=19.4
|Jun mean C=17.3
|Jul mean C=16.9
|Aug mean C=18.2
|Sep mean C=19.6
|Oct mean C=20.8
|Nov mean C=21.9
|Dec mean C=23.5
|Jan low C=20.1
|Feb low C=20.4
|Mar low C=19.5
|Apr low C=17.1
|May low C=14.1
|Jun low C=11.5
|Jul low C=11.1
|Aug low C=12.6
|Sep low C=14.6
|Oct low C=16.4
|Nov low C=17.7
|Dec low C=19.3
|Jan record low C=16
|Feb record low C=15
|Mar record low C=15
|Apr record low C=11
|May record low C=6
|Jun record low C=5
|Jul record low C=6
|Aug record low C=6
|Sep record low C=5
|Oct record low C=10
|Nov record low C=7
|Dec record low C=14
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=118
|Feb precipitation mm=120
|Mar precipitation mm=125
|Apr precipitation mm=72
|May precipitation mm=60
|Jun precipitation mm=37
|Jul precipitation mm=33
|Aug precipitation mm=41
|Sep precipitation mm=60
|Oct precipitation mm=92
|Nov precipitation mm=114
|Dec precipitation mm=119
|source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 60m)<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/>
|source 2 = ''Voodoo Skies'' for record temperatures<ref name="Voodoo Skies"/>
}}
== Infrastructure ==
===Healthcare===
KwaDukuza has of two major hospitals, General Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital, in the city centre which serves as [[ILembe District Municipality|iLembe's]] largest and main public hospital and the KwaDukuza Private Hospital, on the southern outskirts of the city which was opened in February 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital |url=https://www.kznhealth.gov.za/gjgmrh.htm |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=www.kznhealth.gov.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KwaDukuza Private Hospital – Private Healthcare Facility |url=https://kwadukuzaprivatehospital.co.za/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Other than hospitals, KwaDukuza has three public clinics which fall under the jurisdiction of the General Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital, including Glenhills Clinic, to the west of the city, KwaDukuza Clinic, just south of the city centre and the Nandi Clinic, north of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clinics in Ilembe district |url=http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/ilembe/clinics.htm |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=www.kznhealth.gov.za}}</ref>
===Schools===
*[[Stanger Manor Secondary School]]
*[[Stanger Secondary School]]
*Glenhills Secondary School
*Glenhills Primary School
*Stanger M.L. Sultan Secondary School
*Stanger High School
*Dawnview Primary School
*Zakkariyya Muslim School
*Stanger Primary School
*Stanger Manor Primary School
*Stanger South Secondary School
*Tshelenkosi secondary school
*North Coast Agricultural College
=== Transport ===
==== Rail ====
KwaDukuza is located at the northern end of the ''North Coast Line'', which is served by the commuter rail network, [[Metrorail KwaZulu-Natal]] and runs down south to [[Durban railway station|Durban]] via [[Groutville]], [[Shakaskraal]], [[Umhlali]], [[oThongathi]] (Tongaat), [[Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal|Verulam]] and [[Mount Edgecombe]].
==== Roads ====
KwaDukuza lies just off the [[N2 highway]] between [[Empangeni]] and [[Durban]]. Furthermore, it is intersected by the [[R74 (South Africa)|R74]], connecting the N2 to the east with [[Greytown, South Africa|Greytown]] to the north-west. The [[R102 (South Africa)|R102]] connects the city via [[Groutville]] and [[Shakaskraal]] to [[oThongathi]] in the south and via [[Darnall, KwaZulu-Natal|Darnall]] to [[Gingindlovu|KwaGingindlovu]] in the north. Running east, a small road connects the R74 (at the interchange with the N2) with the coastal village of Blythedale Beach.
===== Tolling =====
The [[N2 (South Africa)|N2]] is the main route forming the North Coast Toll Route (between [[eMdloti]] and [[Empangeni]]) which involves payment of [[Toll road|toll]]: Traffic approaching KwaDukuza from the south and traffic heading south on the N2 (in the direction of [[Durban]]) must pass through the Mvoti Toll Plaza, about 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of the city. The [[R102 (South Africa)|R102]] between [[Shakaskraal]] and KwaDukuza serves as an untolled alternative route to the N2 to avoid the Mvoti Toll Plaza.
=={{anchor|Notable people}}Notable residents==
* [[Shaka|King Shaka]]
* [[Albert Luthuli]]
* [[Kader Asmal]]
* [[Aldin Grout]]
* [[Dingane|King Dingane]]
* [[Elijah 'Tap Tap' Makhatini]]
==See also==
*[[Shaka Memorial]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{iLembe District Municipality}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kwadukuza, Kwazulu-Natal}}
[[Category:Populated places in the KwaDukuza Local Municipality]]
[[Category:1820 establishments in Africa]]
[[Category:Establishments in the Zulu Kingdom]]