View source for Lamnidae

{{Short description|Family of sharks}}
{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Mackerel sharks
| image = White shark.jpg
| image_caption = [[Great white shark]]<br />''Carcharodon carcharias''
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Upper Cretaceous|recent}}<ref name="FB" />
| taxon = Lamnidae
| authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] and [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1838
| subdivision_ranks = Extant genera
| subdivision =
*''[[Carcharodon]]''
*''[[Isurus]]''
*''[[Lamna]]''
:{{small|Extinct genera; see [[Lamnidae#Genera and species|text]]}}
}}
The '''Lamnidae''' are the [[family (biology)|family]] of [[mackerel shark]]s known as '''white sharks'''.<ref name="McEachran Fechhelm 1998">{{cite book |last=McEachran |first=J. |last2=Fechhelm |first2=J.D. |title=Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Vol. 1: Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes |publisher=University of Texas Press |series=Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico |publication-place=Austin |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-292-75206-1 |oclc=38468784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAgyDQAAQBAJ |access-date=13 July 2021 |page=53}}</ref> They are large, fast-swimming [[predatory fish]] found in oceans worldwide, though they prefer environments with colder water. The name of the family is formed from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''lamna'', which means "fish of prey", and was derived from the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] [[legendary creature]], the [[Lamia]].<ref>{{ISBN|9781258302863}}: ''A source-book of biological names and terms'', 1944, Edmund Carroll Jaeger</ref>
These sharks have pointed snouts, spindle-shaped bodies, and large [[gill]] openings. The first [[dorsal fin]] is large, high, stiff and angular or somewhat rounded.  The second dorsal and [[anal fin]]s are minute.  The [[caudal peduncle]] has a couple of less distinct keels.  The teeth are gigantic.  The fifth gill opening is in front of the [[pectoral fin]] and spiracles are sometimes absent. They are powerful, heavily built [[shark]]s, sometimes weighing nearly twice as much as other sharks of comparable length from other families. Many sharks in the family are among the fastest-swimming fish, although the massive [[great white shark]] is slower due to its large size.
==Genera and species==
The family contains five living species in three genera and these selected extinct genera and species:<ref name="FB">{{FishBase family|family=Lamnidae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref>
* Genus †''[[Carchariolamna]]'' <small>Hora, 1939</small>
**†''[[Carchariolamna heroni]]'' <small>Hora, 1939</small>
* Genus ''[[Carcharodon]]'' <small>[[Andrew Smith (zoologist)|Smith]], 1838</small>
** ''[[Great white shark|Carcharodon carcharias]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> (great white shark)
**†''[[Carcharodon hubbelli]]'' <small>Ehret, Macfadden, Jones, Devries, Foster & Salas-Gismondi, 2012</small> (Hubbell's white shark)
**†''[[Carcharodon|Carcharodon caifassii]]''? "[[Carcharodon|Bryant's or Common White shark]]" <small>(Lawley, [[1876]])</small>
* Genus †''[[Corax (genus)|Corax]]'' <small>Agassiz 1843</small>
* Genus †''[[Cosmopolitodus]]'' <small>Glikman, 1964</small>
**†''[[Cosmopolitodus hastalis]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small> (broad-toothed mako)
**†''[[Cosmopolitodus xiphodon]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
* Genus †''[[Carcharomodus]]''
**†''[[Carcharomodus escheri]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
* Genus ''[[Isurus]]'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810</small>
** ''[[Shortfin mako shark|Isurus oxyrinchus]]'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810</small> (shortfin mako)
** ''[[Longfin mako shark|Isurus paucus]]'' <small>[[Darío Guitart-Manday|Guitart-Manday]], 1966</small> (longfin mako)
**†''[[Isurus desori]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
**†''[[Carcharomodus|Isurus subserratus]]= ''Carcharomodus escheri'' '' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
**†''[[Isurus flandricus]]'' <small>Leriche, 1910</small>
**†''[[Isurus minutus]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
**†''[[Isurus nakaminatoensis]]'' <small>Saito, 1961</small>
**†''[[Isurus planus]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1856</small>
**†''[[Isurus praecursor]]'' <small>Leriche, 1905</small>
**†''[[Isurus rameshi]]'' <small>Mehrotra, Mishra & Srivastava, 1973</small>
* Genus †''[[Isurolamna]]'' <small>[[Henri Cappetta|Cappetta]], 1976</small>
**†''[[Isurolamna affinis]]'' <small>Casier, 1946</small>
**†''[[Isurolamna bajarunasi]]'' <small>Glikman & Zhelezko, 1985</small>
**†''[[Isurolamna gracilis]]'' <small>Le Hon, 1871</small>
**†''[[Isurolamna inflata]]'' <small>Leriche, 1905</small>
* Genus †''[[Karaisurus]]'' <small>Kozlov in Zhelezko & Kozlov, 1999</small>
**†''[[Karaisurus demidkini]]'' <small>Kozlov in Zhelezko & Kozlov, 1999</small>
* Genus †''[[Lamiostoma]]'' <small>Glikman, 1964</small>
**†''[[Lamiostoma belyaevi]]'' <small>Glikman, 1964</small>
**†''[[Lamiostoma stolarovi]]'' <small>Glikman & Zhelezko in Zhelezko & Kozlov, 1999</small>
* Genus ''[[Lamna]]'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1816</small>
** ''[[Salmon shark|Lamna ditropis]]'' <small>[[Carl Leavitt Hubbs|Hubbs]] & [[William Irving Follett|Follett]], 1947</small> (salmon shark)
** ''[[Porbeagle|Lamna nasus]]'' <small>[[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1788</small> (porbeagle)
**†''[[Lamna attenuata]]'' <small>Davis, 1888</small>
**†''[[Lamna carinata]]'' <small>Davis, 1888</small>
**†''[[Lamna hectori]]'' <small>Davis, 1888</small>
**†''[[Lamna marginalis]]'' <small>Davis, 1888</small>
**†''[[Lamna quinquelateralis]]'' <small>Cragin, 1894</small>
**†''[[Lamna trigeri]]'' <small>Coquand, 1860</small>
**†''[[Lamna trigonata]]'' <small>[[Louis Agassiz|Agassiz]], 1843</small>
* Genus †''[[Lethenia]]'' <small>Leriche, 1910</small>
**†''[[Lethenia vandenbroecki]]'' <small>Winkler, 1880</small>
* Genus †''[[Macrorhizodus]]'' <small>Glikman, 1964</small>
**†''[[Macrorhizodus americanus]]'' <small>Leriche, 1942</small>
**†''[[Macrorhizodus nolfi]]'' <small>Zhelezko, 1999</small>
==See also==
{{Portal|Sharks}}
* [[List of sharks]]
* [[Shark]]
* [[List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{FishBase family | family = Lamnidae | month = March | year = 2006}}
{{Wikispecies|Lamnidae}}
{{Lamniformes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q136902}}
[[Category:Lamnidae| ]]
[[Category:Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances]]
[[Category:Ovoviviparous fish]]
[[Category:Shark families]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Johannes Peter Müller]]