View source for Lanikaz

{{Short description|Medieval Turkic tribe of the Kimek confederation}}
The '''Lanikaz'''<ref>{{harvnb|Akerov|2005|p=132}}, {{harvnb|Róna-Tas|1997|p=194}}, {{harvnb|Kimball|1994}}</ref> ({{langx|ar|Nilqāz}}) was a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribe or clan. They were one of seven original tribes that made up the [[Kimek confederation]]. They originated from the [[Central Asian steppes]].
The Lanikaz were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, along with the Imur{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}}/Imi,{{sfn|Kimball|1994}} [[Yemek|Imak]]{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}}{{sfn|Kimball|1994}} [[Tatars (Kimek)|Tatar]], [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]], [[Bayandur]], and [[Ajlad]].<ref>See {{harvnb|Agajanov|1992|p=69}} and {{harvnb|Kimball|1994}}</ref> The Kimek tribes originated in the Central Asian steppes and had migrated to the territory of present-day [[Kazakhstan]].{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}} The Lanikaz, as part of the Kimek, were mentioned by [[Gardizi]].{{sfn|Bosworth|2017}} Their ethnonym may be derived from ''alan-i-kaz(ar)'' meaning "[[Khazar]] [[Alans]]".{{sfn|Róna-Tas|1997|p=194}} [[V. F. Minorsky]] rendered the name as '''Nilkaz''',{{sfn|Akerov|2005|p=132}} S. Agajanov as '''Nilkar'''.{{sfn|Agajanov|1992|p=69}} [[S. M. Akhindjanov]] connected the name ''Nilkaz'' to the Nilkan clan of the Mongolian tribe of [[Djalayir]].{{sfn|Akerov|2005|p=132}} S. Divitçioğlu rendered it '''Nilqas'''.{{sfn|Divitçioğlu|2008|p=60}}
[[Yury Zuev|Y. Zuev]] calls the spelling "Lanikaz" an 'obviously distorted name of the Kimek tribe in the Gardizi list', and corrects it to '''Laktan''', which Zuev further links to Middle Chinese 駱駝 ''*lɑk̚  dɑ'' "[[Bactrian camel|camel]]". The location of the Kimek Laktan 落坦 (''Luotan'' < MC: *''lɑk̚-tʰɑn<sup>X</sup>''){{efn|also known as 落俎 ''Luozu'' < MC: *''lɑk̚-t͡ʃɨʌ<sup>X</sup>'' & included among with the [[Shiwei people]]}}, before the Kimek's return to the area of [[Irtysh River|Black Irtysh]], in the Chinese annals is described as east from the lake [[Lake Hulun|Külün]] on the northern left bank of the river [[Argun River (Asia)|Argun]].<ref>[[Yury Zuev|Yu. Zuev]], ''"Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology"'' (2002), p. 135</ref><ref>[[Ouyang Xiu]] et al. ''[[Xin Tangshu]]'' "vol. 219", [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7219#%E5%AE%A4%E9%9F%8B section "Shiwei"] quote: "北有大山，山外曰大室韋，瀕於室建河，河出俱倫，迆而東；河南有蒙瓦部，其北'''落坦'''部". translation: "In the north there are great mountains, beyond the mountains are the Great [[Shiwei people|Shiwei]], they are situated next to the river Shijian; the river flows from [lake] Julun, windingly eastwards; south of the river are the [[Mongols|Mengwa tribe]], north of them were the '''Luotan''' tribe."</ref><ref>''[[Jiu Tangshu]]'', "vol. 199b", [https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7199%E4%B8%8B#%E5%AE%A4%E9%9F%8B section Shiwei] quote: "其北大山之北有大室韋部落，其部落傍望建河居。其河源出突厥東北界俱輪泊，屈曲東流，經西室韋界，又東經大室韋界，又東經蒙兀室韋之北，'''落俎'''室韋之南". Translation: "In the north, there are great mountains, north of which there is the Great Shiwei tribe; that tribe dwells next to the [[Argun (Amur)|Wangjian]] river. That river's originates from Lake Julun north-east of the [[Göktürks|Tujue]]'s boundary, flowing windingly eastwards; it borders the West Shiwei, further east it borders the Great Shiwei, further east it flows north of the [[Mongols|Mengwu]] Shiwei [and] south of the '''Luozu''' Shiwei."</ref> Zuev observes that [[Twenty-Four Histories|Chinese annals]] contain a 'number of messages about congratulatory visits of Kimeks-Laktans to [[Chang'an]], attesting to the political importance of this tribe. They do not contain any other information.'<ref>Zuev, Yu. (2002) p. 135</ref>
==Note==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* [[Yury Zuev|Zuev Yu.A.]], ''"Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology"'', Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|9985-4-4152-9}} (In Russian)
* {{cite book|last=Agajanov|first=S. G.|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century|chapter=The States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kipchak|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lodSckjlNuMC&pg=PA61|year=1992|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1595-7|pages=61–76}}
* {{cite book|first=C. Edmund |last=Bosworth|title=The Turks in the Early Islamic World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CAokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT192|date=15 May 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-88087-9|pages=192–}}
* Pletneva S.A., "Kipchaks", Moscow, "Science", 1990, p.&nbsp;74, {{ISBN|5-02-009542-7}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Kaplan |editor1-first=Edward H. |editor2-last=Whisenhunt |editor2-first=Donald W. |title=Opuscula Altaica : Essays Presented in Honor of Henry Schwarz |date=1994 |location=Bellingham, Washington |publisher=East Asian Studies Press, Western Washington University |series=Studies on East Asia |volume=18 |isbn=0-914584-19-7 |url=https://cedar.wwu.edu/easpress/18 |last=Kimball |first=Linda Amy |chapter=The Vanished Kimak Empire |chapter-url=https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=20&article=1017&context=easpress&type=additional |chapter-format=PDF |pages=371–392}}
*{{cite book|first=Sencer |last=Divitçioğlu|title=Meta history: Egean beyliks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ve5MAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Eren|isbn=978-975-6372-40-1|page=74}}
*{{cite book|first=András |last=Róna-Tas|title=A honfoglaló magyar nép: bevezetés a korai magyar történelem ismeretébe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKQMAQAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Balassi Kiadó|isbn=9789635061402}}
*{{cite book|first=Tabyldy Abdramanovich |last=Akerov|title=Ancient Kyrgyz and the Great Steppe: following in the tracks of ancient Kyrgyz civilizations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lm0jAQAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Biyiktik |isbn=978-9967-13-151-4}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lanikaz}}
[[Category:Turkic peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Kimek confederation]]
[[Category:Extinct Turkic peoples]]
{{Asia-ethno-group-stub}}