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'''LEAP''' (Laboratoire Européen d'Anticipation Politique, English: '''European Laboratory of Political Anticipation''') is a [[think tank]] established to analyse and anticipate global economic developments from a European perspective and to publish a paid-subscription monthly economic forecast bulletin. It was founded in 1997 under the title "Europe2020" by Marie-Helene Caillol (the current president of LEAP since its founding) and [[Franck Biancheri]], the founder of the European student network [[AEGEE]] (Association des États Generaux de l'Europe) and one of the few pan-European parties, [[Newropeans]] and relaunched as LEAP in 2005. LEAP claims to be the first European website of anticipation, independent from any government or lobby.
In 2006,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://geab.eu/en/communique-public-geab-n2-15-fevrier-2006/|title=Public Announcement GEAB N°2 – 15 February 2006|date=2014-10-30|website=GEAB|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-28}}</ref> LEAP examined the possibility of a great depression similar to the breakdown of the stock markets in 1929, which is labelled "Global Systemic Crisis".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://geab.eu/|title=GlobalEurope Anticipation Bulletin|date=2014-10-09|website=GEAB|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-28}}</ref> Subscriptions for its monthly ''Global European Anticipation Bulletin'' (GEAB) cost 220 euros per year. This bulletin contains several anticipations, always signed by the LEAP research team,<ref>{{cite web |author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?article325&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date=16 June 2013 |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810100519/http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?article325&lang=en |archive-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> often six to twelve months ahead. They are publishing each month a public summary of their anticipations<ref>{{cite web|author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique8&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref> so it is very easy to observe their high success in anticipating major events in the Global Systemic Crisis. They are following a fully transparent and rigorous method they have created and described in the Manual of Political Anticipation.<ref>Political anticipation: observing and understanding global socio-economic trends with a view to guide the decision-making processes,Marie-Hélène Caillol, International Journal of General Systems,Vol. 41, Iss. 1, 2011</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anticipolis.eu/en_6_presentation.php |title=Anticipolis éditions - A Manual of political anticipation |language=fr |website=Anticipolis.eu |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013}}</ref>
They are not always right: anticipations included a Euro/USD exchange rate of 1.75 by the end of the year 2008 and the inevitable default of the United States government on its treasury obligations by the summer of 2009. But they have announced the September 2008 financial breakdown<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?article527&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-date=2011-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517034018/http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?article527&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> and 2011 revolutions in Maghreb<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leap2020.eu/GEAB-wrote-it-in-June-2008-Arab-world-Pro-Western-regimes-go-adrift-60-percent-risk-of-socio-political-explosion-on_a5850.html |title=GEAB wrote it in June 2008: "Arab world: Pro-Western regimes go adrift / 60 percent risk of socio-political explosion on Egypt-Morocco axis" |website=Leap2020.eu |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911143907/http://www.leap2020.eu/GEAB-wrote-it-in-June-2008-Arab-world-Pro-Western-regimes-go-adrift-60-percent-risk-of-socio-political-explosion-on_a5850.html |archive-date=11 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with high precision, among others.
== History ==
LEAP/Europe2020 was born from the sudden awareness, at the turn of the 1990s, that the European project was heading towards a dead end by lack of mid-term visibility. Either depending too much on the ruling class or mere «national think-tanks», research centres were unable to comprehend the European dimension.
LEAP/Europe2020's approach therefore consisted of building the structural and methodological means needed to propose a substantial political project to the [[European Union]].
The group really started gaining momentum when the Santer Commission resigned in 1999. Since 1995, they had anticipated that the European institutions would encounter problems because its machinery lacked democratic mechanisms. When the Santer crisis confirmed their analysis, the work conducted by LEAP/Europe2020's researchers was acknowledged. National and European public organizations became interested in taking part in the conferences organized by the group and eager to receive their reports.
In September 2008, when the financial and economic crisis broke, confirming LEAP/Europe2020 forecasts since February 2006, the research centre again proved the accurateness of its analyses and methods of anticipation.
== Organization ==
LEAP/Europe2020 is made up of 4 administrative staff members and around 40 researchers and occasional contributors belonging to the "post-Treaty of Rome" generation.
== Aims ==
LEAP/Europe2020 supports innovative initiatives likely to aid in addressing main challenges in the coming decade, by:<br />
1. Promoting democratisation of European political life - suggesting key issues to policy makers and educating citizens, and
2. taking part in the organisation of relations between the EU and the rest of the world.<br />
The association is convinced that there is such a thing as a common European public opinion sharing similar values. Mutual disregard of this fact results in a lack of confidence and difficulties for the Europe project.<ref>Pierre-Emmanuel Moog, Les groupes de réflexion et d’influence en Europe 2008-2009, L’Expansion, 2008</ref>
== Activities ==
LEAP/Europe2020 has developed four fields of intervention:
'''Information:''' Elements for a public debate in Europe
* Press reviews
'''Reflection:''' Anticipation in the service of European decision-making processes
* High-level anticipation seminars
* Anticipation articles
* Reports, Executive summaries
* Monthly confidential letter (GlobalEurope Anticipation Bulletin)
'''Debate:''' Articulation between citizens, experts and institutions
* Actions conducted in partnership with citizen-based organizations
'''Training:''' Preparing for tomorrow's European human resources
* Training seminars to political anticipation
* Ad hoc training programmes: politician anticipation, networking, innovating
== Themes ==
* EU enlargement: LEAP/E2020 conducted a series of seminars in partnership with the concerned ministries, with the aim to contribute to an enhanced preparation of the last waves of EU accession.<ref>{{cite web |author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique34&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date=16 June 2013 |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219141454/http://europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique34&lang=en |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* EU governance: From 1999 to 2002, LEAP/E2020 conducted a series of seminars on «How to manage the EU in 2020?» which enabled to address issues such as: European governance, networking, common democracy, post-Euro EU, and institutional reform, among others.<ref>{{cite web |author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique21&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date=16 June 2013 |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220002930/http://europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique21&lang=en |archive-date=20 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* EU Democratization: LEAP/E2020 launched an initiative in partnership with the cities of Paris, The Hague and Frankfurt, entitled Eurorings and intended to consider deploying the European institutions over a network of large European cities connected by the TGV.<ref>{{cite web |author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique24&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date=16 June 2013 |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219141150/http://europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique24&lang=en |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The EU in the world: LEAP/E2020 initiated a series of anticipation seminars, inaugurated in 2002 and organised in partnership with the French, Dutch, Belgian, Polish, Portuguese, and Finnish Ministries of Foreign Affairs, and intended to contribute to the invention of a common foreign policy between the EU and the other large regions of the world (Africa, Asia, Arab world, CIS, Latin America, North America)<ref>{{cite web |author=CLAIRE GOTHIE pour Europe 2020 |url=http://www.europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique13&lang=en |title=Europe2020 |publisher=Europe2020 |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219140756/http://europe2020.org/spip.php?rubrique13&lang=en |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Global Systemic Crisis: As part of their work on EU-Rest of the world relations, LEAP/E2020 researchers were brought to anticipate what they decided to call in February 2006 a «global systemic crisis» (a global crisis caused by the collapse of the 2nd pillar of post-1945, the United States, and undermining all the foundations of the system invented after WWI).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leap2020.eu/GEAB-is-at-the-origin-of-the-concept-of-global-systemic-crisis_a102.html |title=GEAB is at the origin of the concept of 'global systemic crisis' |publisher=Leap2020.eu |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709014242/http://www.leap2020.eu/GEAB-is-at-the-origin-of-the-concept-of-global-systemic-crisis_a102.html |archive-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This work is presented as a specific publication, the GlobalEurope Anticipation Bulletin, reviewing the next stages of the crisis each month.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leap2020.eu/English_r25.html |title=English &#124; LEAP 2020 |website=Leap2020.eu |date= |accessdate=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125100058/http://www.leap2020.eu/English_r25.html |archive-date=25 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== References==
<references />
== Further reading ==
* {{in lang|en|pt}} [http://janelanaweb.com/trends/the-first-ever-truly-global-crisis-an-interview-with-franck-biancheri-from-the-newropeans Janela na web 16/12/2008 The first ever truly global crisis - an interview with Franck Biancheri from the Newropeans]
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.nira.or.jp/past/ice/nwdtt/2005/DAT/1096.html LEAP page in NIRA's World Directory of Think Tanks]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726042010/http://www.european-centre.org/links/ LEAP/Europe2020 Europe2020is listed by the European Centre for International Affairs].
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2009/02/26/apres-la-crise-financiere-la-guerre-civile-preparez-vous-a-quitter-votre-region_1160698_0.html "Après la crise financière, la guerre civile ? Préparez-vous à "quitter votre région"..."], ''Le Monde'', 26 February 2009
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.laspirale.org/texte.php?id=155 "FRANCK BIANCHERI - EUROPE 2020 / NEWROPEANS"], ''La Spirale''
* {{in lang|de}} [https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/anlagestrategie/biancheri-die-soziale-stabilitaet-ist-gefaehrdet;2126151 "Biancheri: „Die soziale Stabilität ist gefährdet“"], ''Handelsblatt'', 14 January 2009
'''Audio:'''
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.kpfa.org/archive/id/46561KPFA Guns And Butter: Interview Franck Biancheri]
== External links ==
* {{in lang|en}} [http://leap2020.net/ Official website]
* {{in lang|en}} ''[http://geab.eu/ GlobalEurope Anticipation Bulletin]''
{{European Union think tanks}}
[[Category:Political and economic think tanks based in France]]
[[Category:Think tanks established in 1997]]