View source for Life Itself (George Harrison song)

{{About|the 1981 song|a disambiguation page|Life Itself (disambiguation){{!}}Life Itself}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox song
| name       = Life Itself
| cover      =
| alt        =
| type       =
| artist     = [[George Harrison]]
| album      = [[Somewhere in England]]
| EP         =
| written    =
| published  =
| released   = 1 June 1981
| format     =
| recorded   =
| studio     =
| venue      =
| genre      = [[Rock music|Rock]]
| length     = 4:25
| label      = [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]]
| writer     = [[George Harrison]]
| composer   =
| lyricist   =
| producer   = George Harrison, [[Ray Cooper]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year  =
| title      =
| next_title =
| next_year  =
| tracks     = {{Somewhere in England tracks}}
}}
"'''Life Itself'''" is a song by English musician [[George Harrison]] from his 1981 album ''[[Somewhere in England]]''. Harrison also included it on his 1989 greatest-hits compilation ''[[Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989|Best of Dark Horse]]''. As a [[love song]] to God, the track served as the artist's most overtly religious musical statement since 1974. The lyrics offer praise to [[Christ]], [[Vishnu]], [[Jehovah]] and [[Buddha]], thereby marking a return to the concept of a universal deity, regardless of religious demarcation, that Harrison had first espoused in his 1970 hit single "[[My Sweet Lord]]".
Harrison recorded "Life Itself" at his [[Friar Park]] studio in England in 1980. The recording features multiple [[slide guitar]] parts, played by Harrison, and contributions from musicians such as [[Neil Larsen]], [[Willie Weeks]] and [[Jim Keltner]]. Following [[Warner Bros. Records]]' rejection of the initial submission of ''Somewhere in England'', forcing Harrison to rework the content of the album, [[Al Kooper]] added a [[Hammond organ]] part to the track.
"Life Itself" has received praise from reviewers, several of whom recognise it as a highlight of an otherwise disappointing album. Harrison's demo of the song appeared on the EP accompanying the limited-edition illustrated book ''[[Songs by George Harrison 2]]'', published by [[Genesis Publications]] in 1992. He also agreed to its use in the 1993 audio-book format of author [[Deepak Chopra]]'s ''Ageless Body, Timeless Mind'', where the 1981 track accompanies a passage read by Chopra. In 1998, "Life Itself" was one of the Harrison compositions adapted by composers Steve Wood and Daniel May for the soundtrack to the IMAX documentary ''[[Everest (1998 film)|Everest]]''.
==Background and composition==
[[George Harrison]] wrote "Life Itself" and the other songs for his album ''[[Somewhere in England]]'' between mid 1979 and the early part of 1980.<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459">Madinger & Easter, p. 459.</ref> Harrison's songwriting at this time contrasted in tone with the light-heartedness of his two previous albums, ''[[Thirty Three & 1/3]]'' (1976) and ''[[George Harrison (album)|George Harrison]]'' (1979).<ref>Madinger & Easter, p. 457.</ref> Both of these works had continued to present a softening in the artist's spiritual vision since 1974,<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 196–97.</ref> the year in which he had publicly espoused a hard-line [[Hinduism|Hindu]] religiosity in his North American concerts with [[Ravi Shankar]]<ref>Tillery, pp. 114–15.</ref> and in devotional songs such as "[[It Is 'He' (Jai Sri Krishna)]]".<ref>The Editors of ''Rolling Stone'', pp. 44, 140.</ref><ref>Allison, pp. 46, 48.</ref> While promoting his self-titled 1979 album, Harrison said that he was no longer interested in promoting so obvious a religious message as he had in his biggest hit, "[[My Sweet Lord]]".<ref name="Huntley p 180">Huntley, p. 180.</ref> Later in 1979, the content of his [[HandMade Films]] comedy ''[[Monty Python's Life of Brian]]'' attracted controversy from [[Christianity|Christian]] religious groups,<ref>Harry, p. 212.</ref><ref>Doggett, p. 262.</ref> a point to which Harrison later responded: "All it made fun of was people's stupidity in the story [of Jesus Christ] ... Actually it was upholding Him and knocking all the idiotic stuff that goes on around religion ..."<ref>Tillery, p. 120.</ref><ref>Huntley, p. 159.</ref> Songs such as "Life Itself", "[[Writing's on the Wall (George Harrison song)|Writing's on the Wall]]" and "[[Sat Singing]]" nevertheless reflected his return to more spiritually focused songwriting,<ref>Rodriguez, pp. 386, 433.</ref><ref>Snow, p. 69.</ref> recalling the themes of Harrison's albums ''[[All Things Must Pass]]'' (1970) and ''[[Living in the Material World]]'' (1973).<ref name="Inglis p 75" />
Author Simon Leng draws parallels between "Life Itself" and "[[Every Grain of Sand]]",<ref name="Leng pp 219–20">Leng, pp. 219–20.</ref> a song written by [[Bob Dylan]] later in 1980, midway through his [[Bob Dylan#Christian period|born-again Christian period]].<ref>Heylin, pp. 528–29.</ref> According to Leng, the two compositions address a similar issue in their statements of faith, but whereas Dylan sings of "hanging in the balance of the reality of man", Harrison has "arrived at his destination" and is "making an offering" to his deity.<ref name="Leng pp 219–20" /> Like Leng,<ref name="Leng p 119">Leng, p. 119.</ref> theologian [[Dale Allison]] describes "Life Itself" as Harrison's "love song to God".<ref>Allison, p. 148.</ref> Allison also notes that, as a progression from Harrison's more Hindu-focused exhortations up to 1974, the song's strong "theological assertions" reflect his recognition of Christ,<ref>Allison, pp. 48, 55.</ref> a perspective that Harrison increasingly explored in subsequent decades.<ref>Tillery, p. 154.</ref>
The song is a slow ballad in the [[Key (music)|key]] of C.<ref>Allison, p. 88.</ref><ref name="Clayson p 380" /> In his lyrics, Harrison's directly addresses his deity, whom he describes as variously a lover, a friend, the source of truth,<ref name="Allison pp 148-49">Allison, pp. 148–49.</ref> and the essence of all "We taste, touch and feel".<ref name="Inglis p 75" /> He recognises God as both "the breath of life itself" and "the light in death".<ref>Allison, pp. 18, 88, 148.</ref> Harrison also lists some of the names by which the deity is popularly referred: Christ, [[Vishnu]], [[Buddha]], [[Jehovah]] and "Our Lord".<ref>Allison, pp. 55, 148-49.</ref><ref>''Somewhere in England'' CD booklet ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2004; produced by George Harrison & Ray Cooper), p. 5.</ref> He finds further common ground in all faiths by saying that God, as "the One", is [[Govinda]]m, [[Basmala|Bismillah]] and "Creator of All". Regardless of the characterisations adopted by specific religions, the song depicts love as the essential quality in Harrison's vision of a deity.<ref name="Inglis p 75">Inglis, p. 75.</ref>
==Recording==
Harrison first taped a [[Demo (music)|demo]] of "Life Itself" at his [[FPSHOT]] studio in [[Henley-on-Thames|Henley]], Oxfordshire, shortly before beginning the recording of ''Somewhere in England'' in March 1980.<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /> Harrison played all the instruments on this early version,<ref>Huntley, p. 244.</ref><ref>Inglis, p. 103.</ref> including electric guitars and [[ukulele]].<ref name="Leng p 220" /> He then recorded the track during the main sessions for the album,<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /> held at FPSHOT through to September 1980.<ref name="Badman p 263">Badman, p. 263.</ref><ref>Inglis, p. 72.</ref> Aside from Harrison, who also served as producer,<ref>Badman, p. 266.</ref> the musicians at the sessions were [[Neil Larsen]] and [[Gary Brooker]] (both on keyboards), [[Ray Cooper]] (percussion), [[Willie Weeks]] (bass) and [[Jim Keltner]] (drums).<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /> The latter's presence marked the first time he had played on a Harrison album since 1975,<ref>Inglis, pp. 150–51.</ref> since when Keltner had become a key member in Dylan's backing band,<ref>Heylin, pp. 506–07.</ref> as well as sharing Dylan's evangelical Christian beliefs.<ref>Sounes, pp. 329–31, 342.</ref>
The arrangement of Harrison's electric guitar parts – which include picked rhythm parts, [[slide guitar|slide]] riffs, and a separate slide part playing the solos and fills – changed little between the demo and the formal recording.<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 460">Madinger & Easter, p. 460.</ref> Leng suggests that the latter was in fact built up from Harrison's demo.<ref name="Leng p 220">Leng, p. 220.</ref>
After submitting ''Somewhere in England'' to [[Warner Bros. Records]], the distributor of his [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]] record label, in late September 1980,<ref>Doggett, p. 267.</ref> Harrison was forced to rework the content of the album<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /><ref>Clayson, pp. 377–78.</ref> – including replacing four of the original songs – to ensure the release had more commercial appeal.<ref>Rodriguez, p. 433.</ref><ref>Snow, pp. 68, 69.</ref> Harrison chose to retain "Life Itself" and worked with Ray Cooper on a second version of the album.<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /><ref>Leng, p. 213.</ref> For these sessions, beginning in November,<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" /><ref name="Badman p 263" /> Harrison enlisted keyboardist [[Al Kooper]] to complete the recordings.<ref>Kooper, pp. 230, 232.</ref> Kooper overdubbed a [[Hammond organ]] part, adding to Brooker's original contribution.<ref name="Clayson p 380">Clayson, p. 380.</ref> In Leng's description, the [[Gospel music|gospel]] inflections of this final addition combine with Harrison's backing vocals and "guitar choir" to "convey his spiritual vision in music".<ref name="Leng p 220" /> The mix of the song changed significantly between the original submission and the reworked album,<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 460" /> for which Cooper was credited as a co-producer.<ref name="Harry p 349">Harry, p. 349.</ref>
==Release and reception==
''Somewhere in England'' was released on 1 June 1981.<ref>Badman, p. 284.</ref><ref>Tillery, p. 164.</ref> "Life Itself" was sequenced as the third track, between "Unconsciousness Rules" and "[[All Those Years Ago]]", which was Harrison's tribute to his former [[Beatles]] bandmate [[John Lennon]]<ref>Harry, pp. 349–50.</ref> and another song to which Kooper added a key musical contribution.<ref>Leng, p. 222.</ref>{{refn|group=nb|Kooper subsequently replaced the keyboard player in Dylan's tour band in late 1981,<ref>Heylin, p. 542.</ref> for a US tour that marked Dylan's gradual return to a more secular repertoire, in reaction to an unfavourable reaction from many critics and fans to his religious proselytising.<ref>Sounes, pp. 348–49, 351.</ref> According to Kooper, it was Harrison who recommended him to Dylan as a result of his playing on ''Somewhere in England''.<ref>Kooper, p. 238.</ref>}} The album was a relative commercial success,<ref>Inglis, p. 78.</ref><ref>Ingham, pp. 129, 136.</ref> an outcome that was due largely to a public outpouring of grief in reaction to [[Death of John Lennon|Lennon's murder]] in December 1980.<ref>Larkin, pp. 2646–47.</ref><ref>Leng, pp. 217–18.</ref><ref>Madinger & Easter, pp. 459–60.</ref>
Although the album received mixed reviews, music critics responded favourably towards "Life Itself".<ref name="Huntley p 180" /> Harry Thomas of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' described the song as "an explicit paean to 'the One' in all His guises ... With beautifully filigreed overdubs of breathy, echoing voices and poignant slide-guitar figures ... the music conjures up a magical temple of mirrors."<ref name="Thomas/RS" /> While less impressed with ''Somewhere in England'' generally,<ref>Huntley, p. 183.</ref><ref>Leng, p. 177.</ref> Thomas also wrote of "Life Itself" as "gorgeous and haunting" and a track that "sums up what [Harrison] does best and – judging from the care he lavishes on it – what he loves best".<ref name="Thomas/RS">Harry Thomas, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071124061439/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/georgeharrison/albums/album/176119/review/5946590/somewhere_in_england "George Harrison: Somewhere In England"], ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 6 August 1981, p. 44 (archived version from 24 November 2007, retrieved 19 November 2016).</ref> ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine's reviewer admired the album as "a musical giant's defiant tribute to the value of life" and described the song as "a moving, warming ballad".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131227051552/http://www.people.com/people/article/0%2C%2C20079832%2C00.html "Picks and Pans Review: ''Somewhere in England''"], ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', 27 July 1981 (archived version from 27 December 2013, retrieved 19 November 2016).</ref>
Conversely, writing in ''[[Creem]]'', Mitchell Cohen cited the track as an example of the album's diminishing quality after the opening song, "[[Blood from a Clone]]", in which Harrison criticised Warner's, and he added: "'Life Itself' is God's resume, complete with ''noms d'omnipotence''. ('You are the real love that I've got' George sings, as [[Olivia Harrison|Olivia]] chalks up evidence for future alienation of affection charges.)"<ref>Mitchell Cohen, "George Harrison: ''Somewhere In England''", ''[[Creem]]'', September 1981; available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/george-harrison-isomewhere-in-englandi Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).</ref> ''[[NME]]'' critic [[Bob Woffinden]] welcomed the song as an example of how the album's subject matter ranged beyond the "humdrum". He found it "only characteristic of [Harrison] to embrace more universal themes", adding that "probably only he could have composed a song entitled 'Life Itself'."<ref>Woffinden, p. 107.</ref>
==Retrospective assessment and legacy==
Elliot Huntley writes that Harrison clearly "had a soft spot" for "Life Itself".<ref name="Huntley p 180" /> He included the song on his 1989 compilation album ''[[Best of Dark Horse 1976–1989|Best of Dark Horse]]'',<ref>Harry, p. 28.</ref> and his 1980 demo was the opening track on the EP accompanying ''[[Songs by George Harrison 2]]'' in 1992.<ref>Allison, p. 149.</ref><ref>Madinger & Easter, pp. 459, 638.</ref> In an act that Leng terms "unprecedented", Harrison authorised the inclusion of "Life Itself", along with "Writing's on the Wall" and "[[That Which I Have Lost]]", on the audio book release of [[Deepak Chopra]]'s bestseller ''Ageless Body Timeless Mind''.<ref>Leng, p. 326.</ref> It was also one of the Harrison compositions adapted in the [[Music of Tibet|Tibetan folk]] style by composers Steve Wood and Daniel May for the soundtrack to the 1998 IMAX documentary ''[[Everest (1998 film)|Everest]]''.<ref>Badman, pp. 588, 589.</ref><ref>Huntley, pp. 278–79.</ref> According to Huntley, [[Greg MacGillivray]], the film's director, chose Harrison's music for its "spiritual quality" and "his ties to eastern religion".<ref>Huntley, p. 279.</ref>{{refn|group=nb|In a 1992 interview coinciding with his receiving the inaugural [[Billboard Century Award]], Harrison named "Life Itself" first when [[Timothy White (writer)|Timothy White]] asked if he had a favourite, "overlooked" composition. Harrison said it was "one I liked a lot ... But it's not a rock and roll song; it's a mystical kind of lyric."<ref>Kahn, p. 511.</ref>}}
Having interviewed Harrison for ''[[Guitar World]]'' magazine in 1987, [[Rip Rense]] admired the song's guitar parts as evidence of how effectively Harrison composed his solos. Rense added: "The conversational duet-solos in 'Life Itself' and '[[Beautiful Girl (George Harrison song)|Beautiful Girl]]' – where his solo guitars overlap and answer one another – are impressively imaginative, virtuosic."<ref>Rip Rense, "[http://www.rense.com/general19/there.htm "There Went the Sun: Reflection on the Passing of George Harrison"], ''Beatlefan'', 29 January 2002 (retrieved 24 November 2016).</ref>
In his review of the 2004 reissue of ''Somewhere in England'', John Metzger of ''The Music Box'' described "Life Itself" as the highlight of the album and "a devotional ballad of utmost beauty".<ref name="John Metzger/MB">John Metzger, [http://www.musicbox-online.com/gh-some.html#axzz3AMts81es "George Harrison ''The Dark Horse Years'' (Part Three: ''Somewhere in England'')"], ''The Music Box'', vol. 11 (5), May 2004 (retrieved 20 November 2016).</ref> Writing for ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' that year, [[Paul Du Noyer]] recognised the song as the album's "standout track".<ref>Paul Du Noyer, "Back Catalogue: George Harrison", ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'', April 2004, pp. 152–53.</ref> James Griffiths of ''[[The Guardian]]'' paired "Life Itself" with the 1979 ballad "[[Your Love Is Forever]]" as two "transcendentally lovely" songs, and examples of how Harrison's Dark Horse releases were often unjustly overlooked.<ref>James Griffiths, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/mar/19/georgeharrison.popandrock "George Harrison: The Dark Horse Years Deluxe Box Set"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 19 March 2004 (retrieved 24 November 2016).</ref> Simon Leng cites the same pair of songs as works that are "the closest to his musical 'soul'", whereby "[Harrison's] meticulous craftsmanship as a singer, guitar player, and arranger was used to create aural replicas of grace."<ref>Leng, p. 320.</ref> Author Ian Inglis includes "Life Itself" among Harrison songs that possess "great charm, energy, and beauty" yet may be little known due to the lack of critical acclaim afforded their respective parent album.<ref>Inglis, p. 141.</ref> Inglis praises the song for its "gorgeous melody of rising and falling phrases" and adds: "It is a beautifully crafted and gently sung track ... his spiritual certainty is fixed, unchanging, and permanent."<ref name="Inglis p 75" />
==Personnel==
According to authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter (except where noted):<ref name="Madinger & Easter p 459" />
* [[George Harrison]] – vocals, electric guitars, [[slide guitar]]s, backing vocals<ref name="Leng p 220" />
* [[Neil Larsen]] – keyboards
* [[Gary Brooker]] – organ<ref name="Clayson p 380" />
* [[Al Kooper]] – [[Hammond organ]]
* [[Willie Weeks]] – bass
* [[Jim Keltner]] – drums
* [[Ray Cooper]] – percussion
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em|group=nb}}
==References==
{{reflist|20em}}
==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Dale Allison|Dale C. Allison Jr]], ''The Love There That's Sleeping: The Art and Spirituality of George Harrison'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|978-0-8264-1917-0}}).
* Keith Badman, ''The Beatles Diary Volume 2: After the Break-Up 1970–2001'', Omnibus Press (London, 2001; {{ISBN|0-7119-8307-0}}).
* [[Alan Clayson]], ''George Harrison'', Sanctuary (London, 2003; {{ISBN|1-86074-489-3}}).
* [[Peter Doggett]], ''You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup'', It Books (New York, NY, 2011; {{ISBN|978-0-06-177418-8}}).
* The Editors of ''Rolling Stone'', ''Harrison'', Rolling Stone Press/Simon & Schuster (New York, NY, 2002; {{ISBN|0-7432-3581-9}}).
* [[Bill Harry]], ''The George Harrison Encyclopedia'', Virgin Books (London, 2003; {{ISBN|978-0753508220}}).
* [[Clinton Heylin]], ''Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades (20th Anniversary Edition)'', Faber and Faber (London, 2011; {{ISBN|978-0-571-27240-2}}).
* Elliot J. Huntley, ''Mystical One: George Harrison – After the Break-up of the Beatles'', Guernica Editions (Toronto, ON, 2006; {{ISBN|1-55071-197-0}}).
* Chris Ingham, ''The Rough Guide to the Beatles'', Rough Guides/Penguin (London, 2006; 2nd edn; {{ISBN|978-1-8483-6525-4}}).
* Ian Inglis, ''The Words and Music of George Harrison'', Praeger (Santa Barbara, CA, 2010; {{ISBN|978-0-313-37532-3}}).
* [[Ashley Kahn]] (ed.), ''George Harrison on George Harrison: Interviews and Encounters'', Chicago Review Press (Chicago, IL, 2020; {{ISBN|978-1-64160-051-4}}).
* [[Al Kooper]], ''Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards: Memoirs of a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor'', Backbeat Books (New York, NY, 2008; {{ISBN|978-0-87930-922-0}}).
* Peter Lavezzoli, ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}).
* Simon Leng, ''While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison'', Hal Leonard (Milwaukee, WI, 2006; {{ISBN|1-4234-0609-5}}).
* Chip Madinger & Mark Easter, ''Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium'', 44.1 Productions (Chesterfield, MO, 2000; {{ISBN|0-615-11724-4}}).
* Robert Rodriguez, ''Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970–1980'', Backbeat Books (Milwaukee, WI, 2010; {{ISBN|978-1-4165-9093-4}}).
* [[Mat Snow]], ''The Beatles Solo: The Illustrated Chronicles of John, Paul, George, and Ringo After The Beatles'' (Volume 3: ''George''), Race Point Publishing (New York, NY, 2013; {{ISBN|978-1-937994-26-6}}).
* [[Howard Sounes]], ''Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan'', Doubleday (London, 2001; {{ISBN|0385-601255}}).
* [[Gary Tillery]], ''Working Class Mystic: A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison'', Quest Books (Wheaton, IL, 2011; {{ISBN|978-0-8356-0900-5}}).
* [[Bob Woffinden]], ''The Beatles Apart'', Proteus (London, 1981; {{ISBN|0-906071-89-5}}).
{{refend}}
{{George Harrison}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:1981 songs]]
[[Category:George Harrison songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by George Harrison]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by George Harrison]]
[[Category:Music published by Oops Publishing and Ganga Publishing, B.V.]]
[[Category:Indian mythology in music]]