View source for Linophryne

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|12|0|Late [[Miocene]] to Recent}}<ref name=carnepi>{{cite journal|last=CARNEVALE|first=GIORGIO|author2=THEODORE W. PIETSCH|author3=GARY T. TAKEUCHI|author4=RICHARD W. HUDDLESTON|title=Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) from the Miocene of the Los Angeles Basin, California|journal=Journal of Paleontology|year=2008|volume=82|issue=5|pages=996–1008|url=http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ichthyology/documents/pietsch/Fossil_ceratioids_pietsch.pdf|doi=10.1666/07-113.1|bibcode=2008JPal...82..996C |s2cid=129926776|access-date=2012-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225330/http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ichthyology/documents/pietsch/Fossil_ceratioids_pietsch.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>CARNEVALE & PIETSCH "THE DEEP-SEA ANGLERFISH GENUS ''ACENTROPHRYNE'' (TELEOSTEI, CERATIOIDEI, LINOPHRYNIDAE) IN THE MIOCENE OF CALIFORNIA" Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2):372–378, June 2009 [http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ichthyology/documents/pietsch/Acentrophryne_fossil.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205336/http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/ichthyology/documents/pietsch/Acentrophryne_fossil.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}</ref>
| image = Linophryne arborifera (no common name).gif
| image_caption = ''L. arborifera''
| image2 = Linophryne lucifer.png
| image2_caption = ''L. lucifer''
| taxon = Linophryne
| authority = [[Robert Collett|Collett]], 1886
| type_species = '' Linophryne lucifer''
| type_species_authority = Collett, 1886<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Linophrynidae|access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref>
| synonyms = {{Genus list
| Aceratias | [[August Brauer|Brauer]], 1902
| Allector | [[Edmund Heller|Heller]] & [[Robert Evans Snodgrass|Snodgrass]], 1903
| Anomalophryne | [[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]] & [[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]] 1932
| Diabolidium | [[William Beebe|Beebe]], 1926
| Nannoceratias | Regan & Trewavas, 1932
| Rhizophryne | [[Erik Bertelsen|Bertelsen]], 1982
| Stephanophryne | Bertelsen, 1982
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = CofF/>
}}
'''''Linophryne''''', the '''bearded seadevils''', is a [[genus]] of [[Marine life|marine]] [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fishes]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[leftvent|Linophrynidae, the leftvents]]. These [[Ceratioidei|deep sea anglerfishes]] are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
==Taxonomy==
''Linophryne'' was first proposed as a [[monospecific genus]] in 1886 by the Norwegian [[zoologist]] [[Robert Collett]] when he [[Species description|described]] ''L. lucifer'' as a new species.<ref name = CofF/>  Collett gave the [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] of ''L. lucifer'' as off [[Madeira]] at around 36°N, 20°W.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Linophryne|access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> The 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' classifies this genus within the family Linophrynidae, which it places within the [[suborder]] [[Ceratioidei]], the deep sea anglerfishes, within the order [[Anglerfish|Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=508–518 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref>
==Etymology==
''Linophryne'' prefixes ''linos'', which means "net", an allusion Collett did not explain when he proposed the genus, with ''phryne'', meaning "toad". The prefix may be a reference to the sac like mouth hanging off the trunk, which in the [[holotype]] contained a [[lanternfish]], like a fisherman's keep net. The second part ''phryne'' is commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use may date as far back as [[Aristotle]] and [[Cicero]], who referred to anglerfishes as "fishing-frogs" and "sea-frogs," respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/lophiiformes2/ |title=Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE |author=Christopher Scharpf |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref>
==Species==
''Linophryne'' contains 22 recognised species, these are divided into 3 subgenera:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Linophryne| month = June | year = 2024}}</ref>
{{div col}}
* Subgenus ''Linophryne'' <small>Collett, 1886</small>
** ''[[Linophryne algibarbata]]'' <small>[[Talbot Howe Waterman|Waterman]], 1939</small>
** ''[[Linophryne arcturi]]'' <small>[[Charles William Beebe|Beebe]], 1926</small>
** ''[[Linophryne argyresca]]'' <small>[[Charles Tate Regan|Regan]] & [[Ethelwynn Trewavas|Trewavas]], 1932</small>
** ''[[Linophryne bicornis]]'' <small>[[Albert Eide Parr|Parr]], 1927</small>
** ''[[Linophryne bipennata]]'' <small>[[Erik Bertelsen|Bertelsen]], 1982</small>
** ''[[Linophryne coronata]]'' <small>Parr, 1927</small>
** ''[[Linophryne escaramosa]]'' <small>Bertelsen, 1982</small>
** ''[[Linophryne lucifer]]'' <small>Collett, 1886</small>
** ''[[Linophryne macrodon]]'' <small>Regan, 1925</small>
** ''[[Linophryne maderensis]]'' <small>[[Günther Maul|Maul]], 1961</small>
** ''[[Linophryne polypogon]]'' <small>Regan, 1925</small>
** ''[[Linophryne racemifera]]'' <small>Regan & Trewavas, 1932</small>
** ''[[Linophryne sexfilis]]'' <small>Bertelsen, 1973</small>
** ''[[Linophryne trewavasae]]'' <small>Bertelsen, 1978</small>
*Subgenus ''Rhizophryne'' <small>Bertelsen, 1982</small>
** ''[[Linophryne andersoni]]'' <small>[[Ofer Gon|Gon]], 1992</small>
** ''[[Linophryne arborifera]]'' <small>Regan, 1925</small>
** ''[[Linophryne brevibarbata]]'' <small>Beebe, 1932</small>
** ''[[Linophryne densiramus]]'' <small>[[Sadahiko Imai|S. Imai]], 1941</small> (Thickbranch angler)
** ''[[Linophryne parini]]'' <small>Bertelsen, 1980</small>
** ''[[Linophryne pennibarbata]]'' <small>Bertelsen, 1980</small>
*Subgenus ''Stephanophryne'' <small>Bertelsen, 1982</small>
** ''[[Linophryne indica]]'' <small>[[August Bernhard Brauer|Brauer]], 1902</small> (Headlight angler)
** ''[[Linophryne quinqueramosus]]'' <small>Beebe & [[Jocelyn Crane|Crane]], 1947</small>
{{div col end}}
== Gallery ==
{{Multiple image
| image1            = L arborifera.JPG
| caption1          = ''L. arborifera''
| image2            = L coronata.JPG
| caption2          = ''L. coronata''
| image3            = L maderensis.JPG
| caption3          = ''L. maderensis''
| image4            = L pennibarbata.JPG
| caption4          = ''L. pennibarbata''
| image5            = L sexfilis.JPG
| caption5          = ''L. sexfilis''
| image6            = L polypogon.JPG
| caption6          = ''L. polypogon''
| perrow            = 3/3
| total_width       = 600
| align             = center
}}
==Characteristics==
''Linophryne'' leftvents are [[sexually dimorphic]] and the [[Metamorphosis|metamorphosed]] females can be distinguished from the other leftvent genera by a number of characters. These include the possession of a hyoid [[Barbel (anatomy)|barbel]], well-developed spines on the sphenotic bone and the [[Operculum (fish)|preoperculum]] and a single nearly oval bulb on the [[Esca (fish anatomy)|esca]] with a short projection in its middle and has no appendages as well as a low number of fin rays in the [[dorsal fin|dorsal]] and [[anal fin]]s.<ref name = Bañón>{{cite journal |author=Bañón, Rafael |author2=Pietsch, Theodore |author2-link=Theodore Wells Pietsch III |author3=Piñeiro, Carmen |name-list-style=& |year=2006 |title=New record of ''Linophryne coronata'', (Lophiiformes, Linophrynidae) from the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean |journal=Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology |volume=30 |pages=385–386 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233734371}}</ref> The largest species in the genus is ''L. lucifer'' which has a maximum published [[standard length]] of {{cvt|27.5|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>
==Distribution and habitat==
''Linophryne'' is found circumglobally in all three Oceans<ref name = Fishbase/> from as far north as Iceland and Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean<ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Carpenter, K.E. |author-link=Kent E. Carpenter |author2=Robertson, R. |author3=Matson, C. |name-list-style=& |author4=Rivera Higueras, M. |year=2019 |title=''Linophryne bicornis'' |page=e.T140191559A140323028 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T140191559A140323028.en |access-date=22 August 2024}}</ref> they are found at depths between {{cvt|0|and|2200|m}}.<ref name = Fishbase2>{{FishBase|Linophryne|maderensis|month=June|year=2024}}</ref><ref name = Fishbase3>{{FishBase|Linophryne|lucifer|month=June|year=2024}}</ref>
==Fossil record==
''Linophryne'' is represented in the fossil record by what may be ''L. indica'' was found in Late [[Miocene]]-aged [[Puente Formation]] of [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], along with a fossil of the related ''[[Borophryne apogon]]'', during the construction of a metrorail.<ref name=carnepi />
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1957487}}
[[Category:Linophrynidae]]
[[Category:Linophryne| ]]
[[Category:Marine fish genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Collett]]