View source for Linzor

{{short description|Mountain in Chile}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Volcán Linzor
| photo = The linzor volcano seen from el tatio geo thermal field chile ii region.jpg
| photo_caption = Volcán Linzor seen from the south at the [[El Tatio]] geo-thermal field. In the background the summit of the El Apagado Norte volcano.
| elevation_m = 5680
| elevation_ref = <ref>{{cite gvp|name=Linzor|vn=355834|access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref>
| location = [[Bolivia]] and [[Chile]]
| range = [[Andes]]
| coordinates = {{coord|22|09|S|67|58|W|type:mountain_region:CL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref>{{cite gns|id=32FA88401E543774E0440003BA962ED3|name=Volcán Linzor}}</ref>
| type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| age =
| last_eruption =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Volcán Linzor''' is a [[stratovolcano]] on the border between [[Bolivia]] and [[Chile]]. In its vicinity lie [[Laguna Colorada]] and [[Cerro del León]].
== Geology ==
=== Regional ===
Since the late [[Oligocene]], [[subduction]] of the [[Nazca Plate]] beneath the [[South America Plate]] has caused [[volcanism]] on the western edge of [[South America]], including the formation of the [[Central Volcanic Zone]].{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=24}} The crust in the Central Andes contains both an upper [[felsic]] layer and a lower [[mafic]] layer and was partly assembled from numerous [[terranes]] during the [[Mesoproterozoic]]. The most important two form the [[Arequipa-Antofalla]] crustal domain.{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=25}}
=== Local ===
Linzor volcano is part of the [[Central Volcanic Zone]]. The Andean Central Volcanic Zone has erupted large [[ignimbrite]]s and [[lava flow]]s. Dominant rocks are [[andesite]] and [[dacite]].{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=24}} One part of the Central Volcanic Zone is the [[Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex]], a system of [[ignimbrite]] sheets and [[lava dome]]s that was active between 8.4 and 2.9 million years ago and is underpinned by a layer of partially molten crust. In the Linzor area, volcanism is represented by the 8.3 million years old Sifon ignimbrite, [[Cerro Chillahuita]] and [[Cerro Chao]].{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=25}}
Linzor and other volcanoes in the neighbourhood are constructed by [[breccia]], [[lava dome]]s, [[lava flow]]s, [[pyroclastic flow]]s and [[breccia]]. The volcanoes are formed by [[basaltic andesite]], [[andesite]] and [[dacite]]. [[Pyroxene]] andesite is the dominant component. The volcanoes are constructed on top of [[Miocene]] ignimbrites and are of [[Pleistocene]]-[[Holocene]] age.{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=26}} An [[Inca]] sanctuary has been found on Linzor.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6e24xXk7U4C&dq=volcan*+Linzor&pg=PP2|title=Inka Human Sacrifice and Mountain Worship: Strategies for Empire Unification|last=Besom|first=Thomas|date=2013-04-15|page=12|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=9780826353085|language=en}}</ref>
Linzor is part of a north-south trending volcanic chain with [[San Pedro (Chile volcano)|San Pedro]] volcano{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=25}} which was heavily glaciated in the past.<ref>{{cite journal|first=K.|last=Graf|title=Ein Modell zur eiszeitlichen und heutigen Vergletscherung in der bolivianischen Westkordillere|language=de|journal=Bamberger Geographische Schriften|volume=11|year=1991|page=145|oclc= 165471239}}</ref> This chain is parallel to several [[Paleozoic]] [[fault (geology)|fault]]s in the region.{{sfn|Godoy|Wörner|Kojima|Aguilera|2014|p=26}} The [[Rio Toconce]], a tributary of the [[Salado River (Antofagasta, Chile)|Rio Salado]] and ultimately of the [[Loa River]], originates at the foot of Linzor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pell|first1=Albert|last2=Márquez|first2=Anna|last3=López-Sánchez|first3=José Fermín|last4=Rubio|first4=Roser|last5=Barbero|first5=Mercedes|last6=Stegen|first6=Susana|last7=Queirolo|first7=Fabrizio|last8=Díaz-Palma|first8=Paula|date=2013-01-01|title=Occurrence of arsenic species in algae and freshwater plants of an extreme arid region in northern Chile, the Loa River Basin|journal=Chemosphere|volume=90|issue=2|pages=556–64|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.028|pmid=22981629|bibcode=2013Chmsp..90..556P |hdl=2445/110162|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of volcanoes in Chile]]
* [[List of volcanoes in Bolivia]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Godoy|first1=Benigno|last2=Wörner|first2=Gerhard|last3=Kojima|first3=Shoji|last4=Aguilera|first4=Felipe|last5=Simon|first5=Klaus|last6=Hartmann|first6=Gerald|date=2014-07-01|title=Low-pressure evolution of arc magmas in thickened crust: The San Pedro–Linzor volcanic chain, Central Andes, Northern Chile|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|volume=52|pages=24–42|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2014.02.004|bibcode=2014JSAES..52...24G }}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Volcanoes of Potosí Department]]
[[Category:Mountains of Chile]]
[[Category:Stratovolcanoes of Chile]]
[[Category:Volcanoes of Antofagasta Region]]
[[Category:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes]]