View source for Lipokine

{{Short description|Hormone}}A '''lipokine''' is a [[lipid]]-controlling [[hormone]]. The term was coined by [https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/gsh-lab/ Hotamisligil Lab] in 2008 to classify [[fatty acid]]s which modulate lipid metabolism by what he called a "chaperone effect".<ref name=Cao>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.048 | journal = Cell | year = 2008 | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 933–944 | title = Identification of a Lipokine, a Lipid Hormone Linking Adipose Tissue to Systemic Metabolism |author1=Haiming Cao |author2=Kristin Gerhold |author3=Jared R. Mayers |author4=Michelle M. Wiest |author5=Steve M. Watkins |author6=and Gökhan S. Hotamisligil | pmid = 18805087 | pmc=2728618}}</ref>
The lipokine [[palmitoleic acid]] (C16:1n7-palmitoleate) travels to the muscles and liver, where it improves cell sensitivity to insulin and blocks fat accumulation in the liver. In addition, researchers observed that palmitoleate suppresses inflammation, which is considered by many to be a primary factor leading to metabolic disease.
Palmitoleic acid also serves as a biomarker for metabolic status. More specifically, a low concentration in the free acid component of the serum indicates a risk of metabolic disease, and that de novo lipogenesis should be stimulated. Additionally, administering palmitoleic acid to a subject (via nutraceutical or other means), positively impacts lipid metabolism.<ref name=Cao/>
FAHFAs (fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids) are lipokines formed in adipose tissue. FAHFAs improve glucose tolerance and also reduce adipose tissue inflammation. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy-stearic acids (PAHSAs) are among the most bioactive members able to activate [[G-protein coupled receptors]] 120.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yore | first1 = MM | last2 = Syed | first2 = I | last3 = Moraes-Vieira | first3 = PM | last4 = Zhang | first4 = T | last5 = Herman | first5 = MA | last6 = Homan | first6 = EA | last7 = Patel | first7 = RT | last8 = Lee | first8 = J | last9 = Chen | first9 = S | last10 = Peroni | first10 = OD | last11 = Dhaneshwar | first11 = AS | last12 = Hammarstedt | first12 = A | last13 = Smith | first13 = U | last14 = McGraw | first14 = TE | last15 = Saghatelian | first15 = A | last16 = Kahn | first16 = BB | date = Oct 2014 | title = Discovery of a class of endogenous mammalian lipids with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects | journal = Cell | volume = 159 | issue = 2| pages = 318–32 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.035 | pmid = 25303528 | pmc=4260972}}</ref> Docosahexaenoic acid ester of hydroxy-linoleic acid (DHAHLA) exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kuda | first1 = O | last2 = Brezinova | first2 = M | last3 = Rombaldova | first3 = M | last4 = Slavikova | first4 = B | last5 = Posta | first5 = M | last6 = Beier | first6 = P | last7 = Janovska | first7 = P | last8 = Veleba | first8 = J | last9 = Kopecky | first9 = J Jr | last10 = Kudova | first10 = E | last11 = Pelikanova | first11 = T | last12 = Kopecky | first12 = J | year = 2016| title = Docosahexaenoic acid-derived fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) with anti-inflammatory properties | journal = Diabetes | volume = 65| issue = 9| pages = 2580–2590| doi = 10.2337/db16-0385 | pmid = 27313314 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Biomarkers]]
[[Category:Hormones]]
[[Category:Lipids]]
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