View source for List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia

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This is a '''list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia'''. A number of these settlements were [[Thracian]] and [[Dacians|Dacian]], but some were [[Celt]]ic, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]], [[Roman Empire|Roman]], [[Paeonian]], or [[Persian people|Persian]].
A number of cities in [[Thrace]] and [[Dacia]] were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian ''Astibo'' and [[Latin]] ''Astibus''. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages.<ref name="The Cambridge Ancient History 1992, page 612">The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond ,{{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 612: "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets..."</ref> The only known attempt to build a [[polis]] by the Thracians was [[Seuthopolis]].,<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 888, "It was meant to be a polis but this was no reason to think that it was anything other than a native settlement."</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, {{ISBN|1-84176-329-2}}, 2001, page 1, "...the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks..."</ref> although [[Strabo]] considered the Thracian cities with "bria" ending polises. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional [[Murus Dacicus]] construction technique.
Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk [*] indicates that the [[toponym]] is reconstructed.
==Thracian and Dacian==
{{Importance section|date=September 2009}}
[[File:Dacia around 60-44 BC during Burebista, including campaigns - French.png|thumb|Dacian towns and fortresses in [[Dacia]] during [[Burebista]]]]
[[File:Teritoriul onomastic al elementului dava - Sorin Olteanu.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=Onomastic range of some towns with the dava ending|Onomastic range of some towns with the dava ending]]
Many city names were composed of an initial [[lexeme|lexical element]] affixed to ''-dava'', ''-daua'', ''-deva'', ''-deba'', ''-daba'', or ''-dova'', which meant "city" or "town"   Endings on more southern regions are exclusively ''-bria'' ("town, city"), ''-disza'', ''-diza'', ''-dizos'' ("fortress, walled settlement"), ''-para'', ''-paron'', ''-pera'', ''-phara'' ("town, village"). [[Strabo]] translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 612: "According to Strabo (vii.6.1cf.st.Byz.446.15) the Thracian -bria word meant polis but it is an inaccurate translation."</ref> Thracian ''-disza'', ''-diza'', and ''-dizos'' are derived from [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''*dheigh-'', "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a [[satemization]] of [[PIE]] ''*gh-''. [[Cognates]] include [[Ancient Greek]] ''teichos'' ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of [[Didymoteicho]]) and [[Avestan]] ''da?za'' ("wall").
It is suggested that the "dava" endings are from the [[Dacian language]], while the rest from the [[Thracian language]]. However "dava" towns can be found as south as [[Sandanski]] and [[Plovdiv]]. Some "dava" toponyms contain the same linguistic features as "diza" toponyms, e.g. [[Pirodiza]] and [[Pirodava]]. The first written mention of the name "Dacians" is in Roman sources. Strabo specified that the Daci are the Getae, identified as a Thracian tribe.  The [[Dacians]], [[Getae]] and their kings were always considered as Thracians by the ancients (Dio Cassius, Trogus Pompeius, Appian, Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny the Elder) and were said to speak the same language. The [[Dacian language]] is considered a variety of the [[Thracian language]].<ref>Peregrine, Peter N.; Ember, Melvin (2001). Encyclopedia of Prehistory. 4 : Europe. Springer. {{ISBN|978-0-306-46258-0}}.</ref> Such lexical differentiation -dava vs. para, would be hardly enough evidence to separate Dacian from Thracian, thus they are classified as dialects.<ref>Polomé, Edgar Charles (1982). "20e". In Boardman, John. Balkan Languages (Illyrian, Thracian and Daco-Moesian). The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-22496-3}}.</ref> It is also possible that '-dava' and '-bria' mean two different things in the same language, rather than meaning the same thing in two different languages. Thus bria could have been used for urbanized settlements, similar in scale and design to those of the "civilised" peoples like Greeks and Romans, whereas '-dava' could mean a settlement which is rural, being situated in the steppe-like part of the Thracian lands.
{{div col}}
* [[Abydos (Hellespont)|Abydos]]
* [[Acidava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''Acidaua''), a fortress town close to the [[Danube]], located in today's [[Piatra-Olt]], [[Olt County]], [[Romania]]
* [[Acmonia]] or [[Agatapara]]
* [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]]
* [[Acatapara]]
* [[Aedava]]{{sfn|Velkov|1977|p=92}} (''Aedeva'', ''Aedabe'', ''Aedeba'' or ''Aedadeba''), placed by [[Procopius]] on the [[Danubian road]] between [[Augustae]] and [[Variana]],{{sfn|Olteanu}} in [[Moesia]] (the present Northern [[Bulgaria]])
* [[Aedeva]], modern [[Pernik]]
* [[Ahypara]]
* [[Aiadava]]{{sfn|Olteanu}} (''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', {{langx|el|Αἰάδαβα}}<ref>*''Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia''.  Edited by J. Haury; revised by G. Wirth.  3 vols.  Leipzig: [[Teubner]], 1976-64.  Greek text.</ref>), a locality in the [[Remesiana]] region in present-day [[Bela Palanka]], [[Serbia]]<ref>TSR9, Proc. 123. 26</ref>
* [[Aizis]] (''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava*'', ''Zizis''), mentioned by Emperor [[Trajan]] in [[Dacica]]
* [[Alaaibria]]
* [[Amutria]] (''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', {{langx|grc|Ἀμούτριον}}), a [[Dacians|Dacian]] town close to the [[Danube]], possibly today's [[Motru]], [[Gorj County]], [[Romania]] {{sfn|Schütte|1917|p=96}}
* [[Apulon]] (''Apoulon'', ''Apula''), a fortress city close to modern [[Alba-Iulia]], [[Romania]] from which the [[Latin]] name of [[Apulum (castra)|Apulum]] is derived
* [[Arcina (Dacia)|Arcina]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Arcinna]]''), a fortress town in [[Wallachia]]
* [[Apsynthus]], the Thracian name for [[Aenus (Thrace)|Aenus]]
* [[Arcobadara]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=12}}
* [[Argedava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=88}} (''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', {{langx|grc|Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον}}), mentioned in the [[Decree of Dionysopolis]], potentially the [[Dava (Dacian)|dava]] discovered at [[Popești, Giurgiu|Popești]], a district in the town of [[Mihăilești]], [[Giurgiu County]], [[Romania]] and maybe [[Burebista]]'s court or capital
* [[Argidava]] (''Argidaua'', ''Arcidava'', ''Arcidaua'', ''Argedava'', ''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', {{langx|grc|Ἀργίδαυα, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον}}), potentially [[Burebista]]'s court or capital, located in today's [[Vărădia]], [[Caraș-Severin County]], [[Romania]]
* [[Lom, Bulgaria|Artanes]], modern [[Lom, Bulgaria|Lom]]
* [[Arutela]]
* [[Apulon]], capital of the [[Apuli]]
* [[Atipara]]
* [[Authiparu]]
* [[Bergula]]
* [[Berzobis]],{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} ancient [[Bârzava, Arad|Bârzava]], Romania
* [[Bataldeua]]
* [[Bazopara]]
* [[Bediza]]
* [[Belaidipara]]
* [[Bendipara]]
* [[Beodiza]]
* [[Bergula]], modern ([[Luleburgaz]])
* [[Beripara]]
* Beroea,<ref>A History of the Byzantine State and Society by Warren Treadgold, 1997, page 419: "...Internal Reforms, 780-842 419 army, refounding Thracian Beroea under the name of Irenopolis, and reaching Philippopolis..."</ref> modern [[Stara Zagora]]
* [[Bessapara]] of the [[Bessi]] tribe, today [[Sinitovo]]
* [[Vize|Bizye]], capital of the [[Odrysae]]
* [[Bolbabria]]
* [[Bortudiza]]
* [[Bospara]]
* [[Bregedava]]
* [[Breierophara]], near modern [[Komotini]]
* [[Brentopara]]
* [[Briparon]]
* [[Buaipara]]
* [[Buricodava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}}
* [[Buridava]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=12}} (''[[Burridava]]''), today's [[Ocnele Mari]], Romania
* [[Burtudiza]]
* [[Busipara]]
* [[Buteridava]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}}
* [[Cabassus]]<ref>"The Cambridge Ancient History 1992, page 612"</ref>
* [[Capidava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Kapidaua]]''), a fortress town on the southern side of the lower [[Danube]]
* [[Caria]], modern [[Shabla]]
* [[Carsidava]] or [[Karsidaua]]
* [[Cedonia]], near [[Sibiu]]
* [[Chesdupara]]
* [[Cleipadava]]
* [[Crenides (Macedonia)|Crenides]]
* [[Cumidava]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Comidava]]'', ''[[Komidaua]]''), ancient [[Râșnov]], Romania
* [[Cumlideva]]
* [[Cypasis]]
* [[Danedebai]], {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}}
* [[Dausdava]] (''[[Dausadava]]'', ''[[Dausdavua]]''{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}}), "The shrine of wolves", a fortress town close to the [[Danube]]
* [[Debelt]]
* [[Dentheletica]], capital of the [[Dentheletae]] tribe, modern [[Kyustendil]]
* [[Desudaba]] or [[Maedius]] of the [[Maedi]] tribe, modern [[Sandanski]]
* [[Diacum]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}}
* [[Dierna (castra)|Dierna]]
* [[Dinogetia]], {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} located above the [[Danube]] delta
* [[Docidava]] or [[Dokidaua]]
* [[Dodopara]]
* [[Drabeskos]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856, "A thracian settlement"</ref>
* [[Drobeta (ancient city)|Drobeta]], {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} located on the left bank of the [[Danube]] at [[Turnu Severin]]
* [[Drusipara]]
* [[Egeta]] {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}}
* [[Ergines]]
* [[Eumolpias]], later [[Pulpudeva]] translating ''Philippopolis'', the name resulted in modern [[Plovdiv]], prehistoric settlement
* [[Gatae]]
* [[Gazoros]]
* [[Gellipara]]
* [[Genucla]], {{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}} settlement located south of the Danube
* [[Germania in Dacia|Germania]], "hot water", modern [[Sapareva Banya]], site of the [[Dentheletae]] tribe
* [[Germisara (ancient city)|Germisara]] "hot water"
* [[Gildova]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}} (''[[Gildoba]]''), located along the [[Vistula]] river
* [[Giridava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}}
* [[Hesdupara]]
* [[Iamphorynna]], capital of the [[Maedi]] tribe<ref>History of Rome, VII, Books 26-27 (Loeb Classical Library No. 367) by Livy and Frank Gardner Moore, 1943, page 96: "... waste the country and to besiege the city of Iamphorynna, the capital and citadel of Maedica..."</ref>
* [[Itadeba]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}} (''[[Itadava]]'')
* [[Isgipara]]
* [[Ismara]]
* [[Istria]] ([[Olbia]])
* [[Jidava]],{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} near [[Câmpulung|Câmpulung Muscel]], Romania
* [[Jidova]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}}
* [[Kabyle (ancient city)|Kabyle]] of the [[Kabileti]] tribe, capital of the [[Odrysae]]<ref>[http://www.novinite.com/articles/168495/Kabile%3A+When+One+Is+Curious, kabileti tribe]</ref>
* [[Keliadeva]]
* [[Keirpara]]
* [[Keriparon]]
* [[Kipsela]], modern [[Ipsala]]
* [[Kirpiza]]
* [[Kistidiza]]
* [[Klepidaua]]
* [[Krabnopara]]
* [[Krasalopara]]
* [[Kuimedaba]]
* [[Longinopara]]
* [[Lygos]], modern [[Istanbul]]
* [[Malva, (Dacia)|Malva]], a Dacian settlement where Roman [[Romula]] was built{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
* [[Marcodava (Dacia)]] (''[[Markodaua]]'')
* [[Maskiobria]]
* [[Melsambria]], modern [[Nessebar]]
* [[Melta]], modern [[Lovech]]
* [[Murideba]]
* [[Mutzipara]]* [[Napoca (ancient city)|Napoca]], ancient [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romania
* [[Naulochas]], modern [[Obzor]]
* [[Nentinava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=12}} (''[[Netindaua]]''), ancient [[Slobozia]], Romania
* [[Nentivava]],{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} ancient [[Olteniţa]], Romania
* [[Netindava]]
* Nipsa near [[Kamchiya|Panisus]]
* [[Oescus]] of the [[Triballi]] tribe
* [[Odryssa]] or [[Uscudama]], modern [[Edirne]], capital of the [[Odrysae]] or [[Bessi]] tribe<ref>The History of Rome, Volume 4 by Theodor Mommsen, 2009, page 53: "... defeated the Bessi in their mountains, took their capital Uscudama (Adrianople), and compelled them to submit to the Roman supremacy."</ref>
* [[Onokarsis]], capital residence of the [[Odrysae]], possibly modern [[Starosel]]
* [[Orsudisza]]
* [[Ostudiza]]
* [[Patridava (city)|Patridava]] (''[[Patridaua]]'')
* [[Pelendava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Pelendova]]''), ancient [[Craiova]], Romania
* [[Perburidava]]
* [[Perperikon]]
* [[Pinon, Dacia|Pinon]]
* [[Piroboridava]]
* [[Petra]], fort of [[Maedi]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueTuBgAAQBAJ&q=Dentheletae+tribe+town&pg=PA66|title = A Companion to Ancient Thrace|isbn = 9781444351040|last1 = Valeva|first1 = Julia|last2 = Nankov|first2 = Emil|last3 = Graninger|first3 = Denver|date = 15 June 2015}}</ref>
* [[Petrodava (dava)|Petrodava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=12}} (''[[Petrodaua]]''), located in [[Piatra Neamț]]
* [[Piroboridava]] (''Piroboridaua'')
* [[Pizos]]
* [[Polondava]]
* [[Polymbria]]
* [[Potaissa]] (''Patavissa''), ancient [[Turda]], Romania, also named as [[Patruissa]]
* [[Predava]]
* [[Priskupera]]
* [[Quemedava]], mentioned by Procopius in Dardania<ref name="Elemér Illyés 1988, page 223">Ethnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area by Elemér Illyés, 1988, {{ISBN|0-88033-146-1}}, page 223</ref>
* [[Ramidava]] (''Rhamidaua'')
* [[Ratiaria]]
* [[Recidava]]
* [[Remesiana]]
* [[Romboses]]
* [[Rusidava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Rusidava]]'')
* [[Ruconium]]
* [[Sacidava (Dacia)|Sacidava]] (''[[Sacidaba]]'')
* [[Sagadava]]
* [[Salmydessos]], modern [[Kıyıköy]], residence of the [[Odrysae]]
* [[Sandava (city)|Sandava]]
* [[Sangidaua]]
* [[Sarmizegetusa Regia|Sarmizegetusa]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}} (''[[Sarmisegetuza]]''), [[Decebalus]]'s capital and holy place
* [[Scaidava]] (''[[Skedeba]]'')
* [[Scaptopara]], of the [[Dentheletae]] tribe, modern [[Blagoevgrad]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europost.bg/article?id=10445 |title=Heart of Bulgaria's Southeast |access-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808095917/http://europost.bg/article?id=10445 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Scaripara]]
* [[Scedabria]]
* [[Scelabria]]
* [[Scept]]
* [[Selymbria]], modern [[Silivri]] in European Turkey<ref name="Classical Poleis 2005, page 465">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 465: "Megara was principal or sole founder of...Kalchedo...Selymbria...Byzantion...Astakos...Herakleia pontike and possible Olbia..."</ref>
* [[Serdica]] of the [[Serdi]] tribe, modern [[Sofia]]
* [[Setidava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Setidaua]]''), mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement
* [[Seuthopolis]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* [[Singidava]] (''[[Singidaua]]'')
* [[Heraclea Sintica|Sintica]] of the [[Sintoi]] tribe
* [[Skaripara]]
* [[Skaskopara]]
* [[Spinopara]]
* [[Stratopara]]
* [[Strupil]]
* [[Subzupara]]<ref>A New Classical Dictionary of Greek And Roman Biography, Mythology And Geography V2, 2006, {{ISBN|1-4286-4561-6}}, page 196, "Subzupara (now in Zarvi), a town in Thrace on the road from Phillipopolis to Hadrianopolis..."</ref>
* [[Sucidava]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Suvidava]]'', ''[[Sukidaua]]''), located in [[Corabia]], Olt County, Romania
* [[Susudava]],{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement
* [[Sykidaba]]
* [[Tamasidava]] (''[[Tamasidaua]]'')
* [[Tarpodiza]]
* [[Tapae]], a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two [[Battle of Tapae (disambiguation)|major battles]]<!--intentional link to DAB page--> between Dacians and Romans
* [[Teichos]], residence of the [[Odryssae]]
* [[Therma]] of the [[Mygdones]] tribe, modern [[Thessaloniki]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Меч Мидас |url=http://dictionary_of_ancient.academic.ru/2520/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F |title=Мигдония - это... Что такое Мигдония? |publisher=Dictionary_of_ancient.academic.ru |date= |accessdate=2022-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istorypedia.com/23/204/1622008.html|title=МИГДОНИЯ - В. Д. Гладкий. Древний мир. Энциклопедический словарь в 2-х томах - История}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://belomorie.eu/demi.php?order=dem&id=97 |title=Беломорие |access-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618171832/http://belomorie.eu/demi.php?order=dem&id=97 |archive-date=18 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Thermidava]], placed by Ptolemy on the [[Lissus (Illyria)|Lissus]]-[[Naissus]] route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day [[Banat]], Serbia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lepper |first1=F. A. |title=Trajan's Column: A New Edition of the Cichorius Plates |date=1988 |publisher=Alan Sutton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pvpAAAAMAAJ |page=138 |isbn=9780862994679 |quote=Stuart Jones noted the Dacian - sounding place - name ' Thermidava ' on the Lissus Naissus road : but see Miller col . 557, for the evidence on this. The place was most probably called ' Theranda ' and there is no evidence for any settlement there of pro-Roman Dacians now, nor is it very likely. (..) Most scholars, however, have supposed, as did Cichorius, that we are now north of the Danube, somewhere in the Banat area where the local inhabitants are frightened that they may lose their recently acquired 'liberty'.}}</ref>
* [[Thynia]], town of the [[Thyni]]
* [[Tibiscum]]
* [[Tirista]] (''[[Tsirista]]''{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}})
* [[Tranopara]]
* [[Tranupara]]<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, and E. Sollberger,1982, page 876: "... proper and the southern Danube borderland, e.g. in Bessapara, Keipenapa, Tranupara; of -dita 'fortified town', found only in Thracia proper; ..."</ref>
* [[Tsgipera]]
* [[Tsierna]] (''[[Dierna (castra)|Dierna]]''{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}})
* [[Tyrida]]
* [[Tyrodiza]]
* [[Urdoviza]], modern [[Kiten, Burgas Province|Kiten]]
* [[Utidava (city)|Utidava]] (''[[Utidaua]]'')
* [[Zalcdaba]]
* [[Zaldapa]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=14}}
* [[Zargidava]] (''[[Zargidaua]]'')
* [[Zburulus]]
* [[Sarmicegetusa]]
* [[Zeugma, Dacia|Zeugma]]
* [[Zesutera]]
* [[Zidava]]
* [[Zikideva]]
* [[Zimnicea]],{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} site where [[Alexander the Great]] fought the Dacians
* [[Ziridava]] (''Ziridaua''), identified archaeologically with Pecica, Arad, Romania {{sfn | Taylor | 2001 |p=214 }}
* [[Zirmai]]
* [[Zisnudeba]]
* [[Zisnedeva]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=13}} (''[[Zisnudeva]]'', ''[[Zisnudeba]]''), located in Dacian [[Moesia]]
* [[Zucidaua]]
* [[Zurobara]]
* [[Zusidava (Dacia)|Zusidava]]
{{div col end}}
[[File:Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg|thumb|Map of Ancient Thrace made by [[Abraham Ortelius]], at 1585]]
===Unknown names===
{{div col}}
: [[Dacian fortress of Aghireșu|Aghireșu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Ardan|Ardan]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Ardeu|Ardeu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Arpașu de Sus|Arpașu de Sus]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Augustin|Augustin]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Băile Tușnad|Băile Tușnad]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Băleni-Români|Băleni-Români]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Bănița|Bănița]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Bâzdâna|Bâzdâna]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Beidaud|Beidaud]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Bocșa|Bocșa]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Boroșneu Mic|Boroșneu Mic]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Boșorod|Boșorod]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Botfei|Botfei]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Breaza|Breaza]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Bretea Mureșană|Bretea Mureșană]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Bucium|Bucium]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Căpâlna|Căpâlna]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cernat|Cernat]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cetățeni|Cetățeni]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cioclovina|Cioclovina]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Clopotiva|Clopotiva]]
: [[Costești-Blidaru Dacian fortress|"Costești-Blidaru"]]
: [[Costești-Cetățuie Dacian fortress|"Costești-Cetățuie"]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cotnari|Cotnari]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Coțofenii din Dos|Coțofenii din Dos]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Covasna|Covasna]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cozia|Cozia]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Crăsanii de Jos|Crăsanii de Jos]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Crivești|Crivești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Crizbav|Crizbav]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cuciulata|Cuciulata]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Dealul Golu|"Cucuiș - Dealul Golu"]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului|"Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului"]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cugir|Cugir]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Cârlomănești|Cârlomănești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Dalboșeț|Dalboșeț]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Densuș|Densuș]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Divici|Divici]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Drajna de Sus|Drajna de Sus]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Dumitrița|Dumitrița]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Eliseni|Eliseni]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Feldioara|Feldioara]]
: [[Fețele Albe Dacian fortress|"Fețele Albe"]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Grădiștea de Munte|Grădiștea de Munte]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Iedera de Jos|Iedera de Jos]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Feleac|Feleac]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Jigodin|Jigodin]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Liubcova|Liubcova]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Mala Kopania|Mala Kopania]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Marca|Marca]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Mataraua|Mataraua]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Merești|Merești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Moinești|Moinești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Monariu|Monariu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Monor|Monor]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Moșna|Moșna]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Ocolișu Mic|Ocolișu Mic]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Odorheiu Secuiesc|Odorheiu Secuiesc]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Olteni|Olteni]]
: [[Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains|Orăștie Mountains]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Petrila|Petrila]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Petroșani|Petroșani]]
: [[Piatra Roșie Dacian fortress|"Piatra Roșie"]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Pietroasa Mică|Pietroasa Mică]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Pinticu|Pinticu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Pisculești|Pisculești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Poiana cu Cetate|Poiana cu Cetate]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Polovragi|Polovragi]]
: Ponor
: [[Dacian fortress of Popești (Călărași)|Popești (Călărași)]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Porumbenii Mari|Porumbenii Mari]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Praid|Praid]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Racoș|Racoș]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Racu|Racu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Gorgana I|Radovanu - Gorgana I]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Radovanu - Jidovescu|Radovanu - Jidovescu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Roadeș|Roadeș]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Rovinari|Rovinari]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Rușor|Rușor]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Sacalasău|Sacalasău]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Satu Mare (Harghita)|Satu Mare (Harghita)]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Satu Nou|Satu Nou]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Sânzieni|Sânzieni]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Seimeni|Seimeni]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Socol|Socol]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Sprâncenata|Sprâncenata]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Stâncești|Stâncești]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Stoina|Stoina]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Șeica Mică|Șeica Mică]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Tășad|Tășad]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Telița|Telița]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Teliu|Teliu]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Tilișca|Tilișca]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Timișu de Jos|Timișu de Jos]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Turia|Turia]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Unip|Unip]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Uroi|Uroi]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Valea Seacă|Valea Seacă]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Viișoara Moșneni|Viișoara Moșneni]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Zemplín|Zemplín]]
: [[Dacian fortress of Zetea|Zetea]]
{{div col end}}
==Thraco-Illyrian==
* [[Chesdupara]]
* [[Daradapara]]
* [[Skopje|Scupi]] of the [[Dardani]] tribe
* [[Sirmium]]
==Thrace and Macedonia==
{{see also|Second Greek colonisation|Greeks in pre-Roman Crimea|Pontic Greeks}}
===Thrace, from Strymon to Nestos===
* [[Amphipolis]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]
* [[Akontisma]]<ref name=Poleis,856>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 856</ref>
* [[Antisara]]<ref name=Poleis,856/>
* [[Creston, Crestonia|Creston]], modern [[Kilkis]]
* [[Datos]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref name="Krenides, Daton">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 855: "The Thasians... they founded Krenides and Daton"</ref>
* [[Drabeskos]]<ref name=Poleis,856/>
* [[Eion]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]
* [[Ennea Hodoi]]<ref name=Poleis,856/>
* [[Galepsus (Edonis)|Galepsus]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref>Hatzfeld, Jean. History of Ancient Greece (trans. by Andre Aymard, 1968, W.W. Norton & Co., New York), pp. 34–35.</ref>
* [[Gasoros]]<ref name=Poleis,856/>
* [[Heraclea Sintica]]
* [[Crenides (Thrace)|Krenides]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref name="Krenides, Daton"/>
* [[Mastira]], mentioned by Demosthenes (341 BCE) in his "The Oration on the State of the Chersonesus". This town was unknown to the scholar Harpocration (100-200 CE), who suggests that instead of "Mastira" we should read "[[Bastira]]", a known Thracian town of that name.
* [[Myrkinos]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]]<ref name="Classical Poleis 2005, page 782">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 782, "The Thasians are said to have colonised the Hedonian city of Myrkinos, Galepsos and Oisyme..."</ref> in 497 BC
* [[Neapolis (Colony)|Neapolis]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]],<ref name="Inventory"/> modern [[Kavala]]
* [[Oesyme]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref name="Classical Poleis 2005, page 782"/>
* [[Paroikopolis]]<ref name=Poleis,857>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 857</ref>
* [[Pergamos (polis)|Pergamos]]<ref name=Poleis,857/>
* [[Phagres]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Philippi]], founded by [[Philip II of Macedon]],<ref name="Inventory"/> rebuilt [[Crenides (Macedonia)|Crenides]]
* [[Philippopolis (Thrace)|Philippopolis]] (modern [[Plovdiv]])
* [[Pistyros]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref>Readings in Greek History: Sources and Interpretations by D. Brendan Nagle and Stanley M. Burstein, 2006, page 232: A GREEK TRADING POST IN THRACE"... Maronea, Apollonia, and Thasos living in the trading post of Pistiros."</ref>
* [[Sirra]], founded by [[Philip II of Macedon]],<ref name="Inventory"/> rebuilt town of the [[Siriopeoni]], modern [[Serres]]
* [[Skapte Hyle]]<ref name=Poleis,857/>
* [[Skotoussa (polis)|Skotoussa]]<ref name=Poleis,857/>
* [[Tristolos]]<ref name=Poleis,857/>
===Thrace, from Nestos to Hebros===
* [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]], founded by colonists from [[Klazomenai]]<ref>The Histories, by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a..."</ref>
* [[Enez|Ainos]] (''[[Poltymbria]]'') founded by colonists from [[Alopeke]], [[Mytilene]], and [[Kyme (Aeolis)|Kyme]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 870: "Colonists from Mytilene and Kyme founded Ainos"</ref>
* [[Bergepolis]],<ref name="Inventory"/> founded by colonists from [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]]
* [[Doriskos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Drys (Colony)|Drys]], founded by colonists from [[Samothrace]]
* [[Dikaia (Colony)|Dikaia]], founded by colonists from [[Samos]]<ref name="Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, 2008, page 442">The Histories by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a ..."</ref>
* [[Cypsela (Thrace)|Kypsela]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Larissa (Thrace)|Larissa]]<ref>Back Matter: "... sites identified solely by coins' location site Thessaly, Atrax, Kieron, Larissa, Thrace, Ainos, Bizye, Byzantium, Deultum, Maroneia, Mesembra, Pantalia..."</ref>
* [[Maroneia]], founded by colonists from [[Chios]]<ref name="Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, 2008, page 442"/>
* [[Menebria]], founded by colonists from [[Samothrace]]<ref>Hammond Concise Atlas of World History by Geoffrey Barraclough, 2001, Index, "Mesembria/Greek Colony"</ref> on a town named Melsambria, modern [[Nessebar]]
* [[Orthagoria]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Sale (Colony)|Sale]], founded by colonists from [[Samothrace]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Stryme (Colony)|Stryme]], founded from colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref>The Histories, by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, 2003, page 451: "... most westerly of which is Mesembria; the next place is Stryme, a town belonging to the Thasians. ..."</ref>
* [[Zone (Colony)|Zone]], founded by colonists from [[Samothrace]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
===Inland Thrace===
* [[Alexandropolis Maedica]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 892</ref>
* [[Beroea (Thrace)|Beroea]], founded by [[Philip II of Macedon]]<ref>Women and slaves in Greco-Roman culture: differential equations, by Sandra Rae Joshel, [[Sheila Murnaghan]], 1998, page 214: "Philip II founded cities at Beroe, Kabyle, and Philippopolis in 342/1, and Aegean-style urban life began to penetrate Thrace."</ref><ref>Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region, by Lynda Mulvin, 2002, page 19: "Other roads went through Beroe (founded by Philip II of Macedon)"</ref><ref>Philip of Macedon, by Louïza D. Loukopoulou, 1980, page 98: "Upriver in the valley between the Rhodope and Haimos Philip founded Beroe (Stara Zagora) and Philippolis (Plovdiv)."</ref>{{sfn|Velkov|1977|p=128}} in 342 BC
* [[Plovdiv|Philippopolis| Pulpudeva]] (''[[Philippopolis (Thracia)|Philippopolis]]''), today's city of [[Plovdiv]] in Bulgaria, founded by [[Philip II of Macedon]] in a town formerly called ''Eumolpias''.<ref>From Mycenae to Constantinople: Major Cities of the Greek and Roman World, by Richa Tomlinson, 1992, page 8: "...this means, a Macedonian city established in a non-Macedonian area (Philippopolis in Thrace, for example) becomes a means of establishing a..."</ref>
* [[Stanimachos]], founded by colonists from [[Istiaia]], modern [[Asenovgrad]]
* [[Pistiros]],<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 895: "The emporion of Pistiros was an inland trading station originally founded by merchants coming from the polis of Pistiros a dependency of Thasos situated piston the Thracian coast"</ref> founded by Pistyrians from the coast
===Thracian Chersonesos===
*[[Aegospotami]] (''Aegospotamos'')<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 903: "Aigos potamoi is called a deserted polichne by Strabo and a polis by Steph.Byz."</ref>
* [[Alokopennesos]], founded by colonists from [[Aeolis]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Araplos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Gallipoli|Callipolis]]
* [[Chersonesos (Colony)|Chersonesos]] (''[[Agora (Colony)|Agora]]''), founded by colonists from [[Athens]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Derris (Colony)|Derris]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Elaious]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]<ref name="Poleis, page-636"/>
* [[Ide (Colony)|Ide]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Kardia (Colony)|Kardia]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]<ref name="Poleis, page-636">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 636: "In the archaic period Athens colonised Sigeion, Elaious, Chersonesus, Paktye, Sestus, Kardia..."</ref>
* [[Kressa (Thrace)|Kressa]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Krithotai]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]
* [[Limnae, Thrace|Limnae]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]]<ref>The Penguin Historical atlas of Ancient Greece by Robert Morkot, page 48</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utexas.edu/courses/greeksahoy!/colonies_and_metropoleis.jpg |title=Texas edu Colonies and Metropoleis |access-date=27 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125221629/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/greeksahoy!/colonies_and_metropoleis.jpg |archive-date=25 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Madytos (Colony)|Madytos]], founded by colonists from [[Lesbos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Pactya]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Paion (Thrace)|Paion]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
===Propontic Thrace===
* [[Athyra (Colony)|Athyra]]<ref>Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea 2, Dēmētrios V. Grammenos, {{ISBN|1-4073-0110-1}}, 2007, page 1182</ref>{{sfn|Velkov|1977|p=124}}
* [[Byzantion]], founded by colonists from [[Megara]] on a town called [[Lygos]], modern [[Istanbul]]
* [[Bisanthe]], founded by colonists from [[Samos]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 914: "Bisanthe was a colony founded by the Samians"</ref>
* [[Daminon Teichos]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 918</ref>
* [[Ergiske]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 913</ref>
* [[Heraclea Pontica|Heraclea]] (''[[Perinthus]]''){{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
* [[Heraion (Colony)|Heraion]], founded by colonists from [[Samos]]<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 919: "Heraion Teichos was a colony of Samos"</ref>
* [[Lysimachia (Thrace)|Lysimachia]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
* [[Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese)]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]
* [[Orestias]], rebuilt
* [[Perinthus]], founded by colonists from [[Samos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Rhaedestus]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}, founded by colonists from [[Samos]]
* [[Serrion Teichos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Selymbria]], modern [[Silivri]] in European Turkey,<ref name="Classical Poleis 2005, page 465"/> of Thracian etymology
* [[Tyrodiza]],<ref>a town near Perinthus, Xerxes' commissariat there: Hdt. 7.25</ref><ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 912: "The European coast of Propontis was settled by Megarians and Samians.By 480 four colonies are recorded; viz from the east to the west, Megarian Byzantion and Selymbria and Samian Perinthos and Bisanthe along with two smaller and presumably dependant settlements, Tyrodiza and Heraion."</ref> of Thracian etymology
===West Pontic coast===
* [[Tulcea|Aegyssos]], modern [[Tulcea]]{{sfn|Grumeza|2009|p=132}}
* [[Aquae Calidae, Bulgaria|Aquae Calidae]]
* [[Ahtopol]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]]
* [[Pomorie|Anchialos]], modern [[Pomorie]], founded by colonists from Appolonia
* [[Apollonia, Thrace#History|Apollonia]], modern [[Sozopol]], founded by [[Ionians]]<ref name="Inventory">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, Index</ref>
* [[Berga (Colony)|Berga]], founded by colonists from [[Thasos]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Bizone]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]],<ref name="Inventory"/> modern [[Kavarna]]
* [[Krutoi (city)|Krutoi]], modern [[Balchik]] founded by Miletian colonists
* [[Dionysupolis|Dionysopolis]], modern [[Balchik]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Obzor|Heliopolis]], modern [[Obzor]]
* [[Histria (Sinoe)|Histria]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]]<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Kallatis]] (''[[Callatis]]''), founded from colonists from [[Herakleia Pontike]],<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 934: "Kallatis was colonized by Herakleia"</ref> modern-day [[Mangalia]], Romania
* Mesembria, modern [[Nesebar]], settled during the 6th century BC by [[Dorians]] from [[Megara]]
* [[Varna, Bulgaria|Odessos]], modern [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]], founded by colonists from [[Miletus]]<ref>A Companion to Archaic Greece, by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees, 2009, page 337: "... On the western shore, Odessos was founded by the Milesians, and the expansion of existing Greek cities in the western ..."</ref>
* [[Niconium|Nikonion]], founded by colonists from Istros<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Salmydessos]] (from IE ''*salm-udes'', "salty water"; cf. Greek ''álmē'', "sea water, brine"; ''ýdos'', "water")<ref>Katičic', Radoslav. ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans, Part One''. Paris: Mouton, 1976: 147</ref>
* [[Constanța|Tomis]], modern [[Constanta]], rebuilt [[Scythia]]n town
===Other===
* [[Aison (Colony)|Aison]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
* [[Brea (colony)|Brea]], founded by colonists from [[Athens]],<ref name="Inventory"/>
* [[Gazoros]]
* [[Heraclea Sintica]]<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC, by D. M. Lewis, page 469: "Philip's new foundation at Heracle Sintica"</ref> on a tribe of the [[Sintoi]] tribe
* [[Kossaia]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
==Persian==
* [[Boryza (city)]]<ref>The Greek Wars: The Failure of Persia, by [[George Cawkwell]], 2006, page 58: "... 'The lands beyond the sea' Persian city, Boryza' on the Black Sea coast (FGH t Fí66) but that ..."</ref><ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 891, "Note that the only one which is explicitly called a polis by Hekataios is Boryza (fr.166) and here we learn that it is a polis inhabited by Persians i.e not by Greeks or Thracians."</ref>
* [[Doriscus]]
==Roman==
[[File:Balkans 6th century.svg|thumb|Cities during the Roman period]]
{{div col}}
* [[Abritus]]
* [[Acumincum]]
* [[Ad Medium]]
* [[Agura Piatra]] ([[Regianum]])
* [[Appiaria]]
* [[Apros]]
* [[Aquis]]
* [[Augustae]]
* [[Augusta Traiana]] (formerly Beroe, later Stara Zagora)
* [[Burgenae]]
* [[Camistrum]]
* [[Caenophrurium]]
* [[Cypsella]]
* [[Deultum]], rebuilt [[Debelt]]
* [[Deltum]]
* [[Diocletianopolis (Thrace)|Diocletianopolis]] (modern [[Hisarya, Bulgaria|Hisarya]])
* [[Doclea (town)|Doracium]]
* [[Durorstorum]], modern [[Silistra]]
* [[Drobeta (ancient city)|Drobeta]]
* [[Gensis (vicus)|Gensis]]
* [[Hadrianople]], rebuild [[Uscudama]]
* [[Justiniana Prima]]
* [[Margus (city)|Margus]]
* [[Marcianopolis]], modern [[Devnya]]
* [[Maximianopolis in Rhodope|Maximianopolis]]
* [[Morisena (castra)|Morisena]]
* [[Montana]]
* [[Nicopolis ad Istrum]]
* [[Nicopolis ad Nestum]], rebuilt Alexandrupolis
* [[Novae (fortress)|Novae]]
* [[Oescus]]
* [[Pautalia]], modern [[Kyustendil]]
* [[Peć|Pescium]], modern [[Peć]]
* [[Plotinopolis]], modern [[Hissarya]],
* [[Porolissum]]
* [[Resculum (castra Remesiana)]]
* [[Sexagnita Prista]], modern [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]]
* [[Sirmium]]
* [[Theranda]]
* [[Traianopolis (Thrace)|Traianopolis]]
* [[Transmarisca]], modern [[Tutrakan]]
* [[Tropaeum Traiani]]
* [[Pirot|Turres]], modern [[Pirot]]
* [[Ulmetum (castra)|Ulmetum]]
* [[Ulpiana]]
* [[Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa]]
* Valve, modern [[Vratsa]]
* [[Vicianum]], modern [[Vučitrn]]
* [[Viminacium]]
* [[Zaldapa]]
* [[Zikideva]]
* the rest after conquest
{{div col end}}
==Celtic==
{{div col}}
* [[Dunonia]], modern [[Vidin]]
* [[Malata]]
* [[Naissus]], modern [[Niš]]
* [[Noviodunum]]
* [[Serdica]], modern [[Sofia]]
* [[Singidunum]], modern [[Belgrade]]
* [[Taurunum]]
* [[Tylis]]
{{div col end}}
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia]]
* [[List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia]]
* [[List of ancient cities in Illyria]]
* [[List of rulers of Illyria]]
* [[Dava (Dacian)|Dacian Dava]]
* [[Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains]]
* [[Tabula Peutingeriana]]
* [[Notitia Dignitatum]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
|last       = Grumeza
|first      = Ion
|author-link = Ion Grumeza
|title      = Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe
|url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=07-RjGQajw0C
|year       = 2009
|publisher  = [[Hamilton Books]]
|isbn       = 978-0-7618-4465-5
|quote      = The shores of the Danube were well monitored from the Dacian fortresses Acidava, Buricodava, Dausadava (the shrine of the wolves), Diacum, Drobeta (Turnu Severin), Nentivava (Oltenia), Suvidava (Corabia), Tsirista, Tierna/Dierna (Orsova) and what is today Zimnicea. Downstream were also other fortresses: Axiopolis (Cernadova), Barbosi, Buteridava, Capidava(Topalu), Carsium(Harsova), Durostorum(Silistra), Sacidava/Sagadava (Dunareni) along with still others...
}}{{better source needed|date = February 2015}}
* {{cite web
|last=Olteanu
|first=Sorin
|title=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section
|url=http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm
|language=ro, en
|work=Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum
|access-date=8 December 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm
|archive-date=16 July 2011
}}{{self-published inline|date = February 2015}}
* {{cite book
|last       = Schütte
|first      = Gudmund
|author-link = Gudmund Schütte
|title      = Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes
|url        = https://archive.org/details/ptolemysmapsofno00schrich
|year       = 1917
|publisher  = [[H. Hagerup]]
|location   = Copenhagen
}}
* {{cite book
|last1        = Taylor
|first1        = Timothy
|title          = ''Northeastern European Iron Age''
|publisher  = Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files
|year          =  2001
|isbn         = 978-0-306-46258-0
}}
* {{cite book
|last       = Velkov
|first      = Velizar Iv
|author-link = Velizar Iv Velkov
|title      = The cities in Thrace and Dacia in late antiquity: (studies and materials)
|publisher  = [[Hakkert]]
|year       = 1977
|isbn       = 90-256-0723-3
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{commons|Ancient Thrace and Ancient Thracians}}
{{commons|Dacia and Dacians}}
* {{cite web|last1=Durdinov|first1=Ivan|title=The Language of the Thracians|url=http://groznijat.tripod.com/thrac/thrac_8.html}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716103139/http://soltdm.com/geo/arts/categs/categs.htm Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section]
* [http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/thrac/thrac_8.html Duridanov's paper on Thracian toponyms]
* [http://members.iinet.net.au/~igmaier/702-2pla.pdf Placenames in the Compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd)]
* [http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/dacia-places.htm Lists of Dacian fortresses, towns and citadels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420021451/http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/dacia-places.htm |date=20 April 2017 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119012745/http://people.usd.edu/~clehmann/pir/dacia.htm Dacia]
* [http://www.maparchive.org/data/media/3/prov_dacia_III.jpg Dacian Map]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://archive.today/20130105092517/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/thracians/ Thracians and Dacians]
* [http://home.exetel.com.au/thrace/ Thracians 700-46 BC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930220610/http://home.exetel.com.au/thrace/ |date=30 September 2011 }}
{{Dacian cities}}
{{Dacia topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Cities in Thrace And Dacia}}
[[Category:Geography of ancient Thrace]]
[[Category:Dacian towns| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Thrace]]
[[Category:Celtic towns]]
[[Category:Thracian towns]]
[[Category:Greek colonies in Thrace]]
[[Category:Greek colonization]]
[[Category:Former populated places in the Balkans]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Romania]]
[[Category:Balkans-related lists]]