View source for List of classical and art music traditions

{{Short description|None}}
'''"Classical music"''' and '''"[[art music]]"''' are terms that have been used to refer to music of different cultural origins and traditions. Such traditions often date to a period regarded as the "golden age" of music for a particular culture.
The following tables list music styles from throughout the world and the period in history when that tradition was developed:
== Southeast Asian ==
{{Further|Music of Southeast Asia}}
{| class="wikitable"
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! width="35%" | Earliest historical period
! width="35%" | Notes
|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Gamelan]]'''
|At least 8th century AD.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Learn the History Behind Gamelan, Indonesian Music and Dance|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-gamelan-195131|access-date=2021-12-09|website=ThoughtCo|language=en}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=December 2021}}
|
|-
|'''[[Pinpeat]]'''
|At least 6th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|-
|'''[[Mahori]]'''
|At least 14th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|-
|'''[[Piphat]]'''
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|
|-
|'''[[Pinphat]]'''
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|}
== Indic ==
{{Main articles|Indian classical music}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Style
! Earliest historical period
! Notes
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|'''[[Carnatic music]]'''
|At least 6th century AD (as Indian classical music), split from [[Hindustani classical music]] in the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="Subramaniam1999">{{cite journal|last=Subramaniam|first=L.|year=1999|title=The reinvention of a tradition: Nationalism, Carnatic music and the Madras Music Academy, 1900–1947|journal=Indian Economic & Social History Review|volume=36|issue=2|pages=131–163|doi=10.1177/001946469903600201|s2cid=144368744}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Wallace |last=Dace |title=The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory |journal=Educational Theatre Journal |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=249–254 |year=1963 |jstor=3204783 |doi=10.2307/3204783 }}</ref>{{rp|249}}
|
|-
|'''[[Hindustani classical music]]'''
|At least 6th century AD (as Indian classical music), split from [[Carnatic music]] in the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="Subramaniam1999" />{{Sfn|Dace|1963|p=249}}
|
|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Klasik]]'''
| At least 6th century AD (as Indian and Hindustani classical music), split from [[Hindustani classical music]] {{Circa|1860}}.{{Sfn|Dace|1963|p=249}}<ref name="Hindustani" />
| The classical tradition of [[Afghanistan]], ultimately a descendant of [[Hindustani classical music]].<ref name="Hindustani">Doubleday, pg. 3</ref> Developed in the 19th century by Indian musicians in Afghan courts.<ref name="Hindustani" /> Along with Hindustani music theory and instruments, Afghan classical music also uses local Pashtun elements, especially in its performance practices.<ref name="Hindustani" />
|-
|'''[[Odissi music]]'''
|At least 6th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|}
== East Asian ==
{{See also|East Asian cultural sphere}}
{| class="wikitable"
! width="30%" | Style
! width="35%" | Earliest historical period
! width="35%" | Notes
|-
|'''[[Nanguan music]]'''
|At least 14th century CE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thrasher|first=Alan Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_4G1JwZdl_MC&pg=PA12|title=Sizhu Instrumental Music of South China: Ethos, Theory and Practice|date=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16500-7|language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
|'''[[Gagaku]]'''
|6th century CE.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|-
|'''[[Jeongak]]'''
|5th century CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=향악(鄕樂) |url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]] |language=ko}}</ref>
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|-
|'''[[Nhã nhạc]]'''
|13th century CE.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|'''[[Yayue]]'''
|At least 2nd century BCE.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|}
== European ==
{{Further|Music of Europe}}
{| class="wikitable"
! width="30%" | Style
! width="35%" | Earliest historical period
! width="35%" | Notes
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|'''[[Byzantine music]]'''
|4th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|-
|'''[[Pibroch]]'''
|At least the 17th century AD.<ref>Haddow, Alexander John (1982, 2003). ''The History and Structure of Ceol Mor – A Guide to Piobaireachd The Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.'' Glasgow: The Piobaireachd Society.</ref>
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|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Classical music|Western classical music]]'''
|6th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|}
== Middle Eastern ==
{{Further|Middle Eastern music}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Style
! Earliest historical period
! Notes
|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Persian traditional music | Persian classical music]]'''
| At least 3rd century AD, with drastic changes in the 16th century.<ref name="EI-mhphi">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2016|title=MUSIC HISTORY|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/music-history-i-pre-islamic-iran|last=Lawergren|first=Bo|edition=online}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book|last=Feldman|first=Walter|title=Writing the History of "Ottoman Music"|date=2015|publisher=Ergon|isbn=978-3-95650-703-8|editor-last1=Greve|editor-first1=Martin|pages=87–138|chapter=The Musical 'Renaissance' of Late Seventeenth Century Ottoman Turkey: Reflections on the Musical Materials of Ali Ufkî Bey (ca. 1610–1675), Hâfiz Post (d. 1694) and the 'Marâghî' Repertoire|doi=10.5771/9783956507038-87|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Arabic music#Sacred and Art music | Arabic classical music]]'''
|
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|- valign="middle"
|'''[[Andalusi classical music]]'''
|9th century AD.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
|Likely practiced since the early 9th century, the musical tradition of [[Al-Andalus]] is notable for spreading [[Middle East|Middle Eastern]] and [[North Africa|North African]] musical instruments to [[Western Europe]], where they would become staple instruments of [[Classical music|Western tradition]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Farmer|first=Henry George|author-link=Henry George Farmer|year=1978|title=Historical Facts for the Arabian Musical Influence|publisher=Ayer Publishing|isbn=978-0-405-08496-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTsTS87nBgAC |page=137}}</ref> Now practiced in North Africa in the form of the [[Andalusi nubah]],<ref>{{cite book |editor1=María Rosa Menocal |editor2=Raymond P. Scheindlin |editor3=Michael Sells |date=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5AVpiscx7YC |title=The Literature of Al-Andalus |series=The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature 5, series edited by Alfred Felix and Landon Beeston |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-47159-6 |pages=72–73}}</ref> this tradition has also had considerable effect on [[Ottoman music|Ottoman classical music]], especially in the [[Sephardic music|Sephardic romance and ''Maftirim'' repertoire]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite book|author1=Ensemble Bîrûn|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41144198.pdf|title=I ''maftirîm'' e le opere degli ebrei sefarditi nella musica classica ottomana|date=2016|publisher=Fondazione Giorgio Cini|isbn=978-88-6163-143-4|language=it|trans-title=The ''maftirîms'' and the Works of Sephardic Jews in Ottoman Classical Music|via=CORE}}</ref>
|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Ottoman music | Ottoman classical music]]'''
| At least 3rd century AD (as Persian traditional music), emerged as a unique tradition in the 17th century.<ref name="EI-mhphi" /><ref name=":32" />
|Now known as Turkish Art Music or Turkish Classical Music
|
|- valign="middle"
| '''[[Shashmaqam]]'''
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|}
== Sub-Saharan African ==
{| class="wikitable"
! width="30%" | Style
! width="35%" | Earliest historical period
! width="35%" | Notes
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|'''[[Griot]]'''
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|The tradition of the [[djeli]]
|}
== Syncretic ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Style
! Earliest historical period
! Notes
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|'''[[American gamelan]]'''
|{{Circa|1960}}{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}}
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|'''[[Mahāgīta]]'''
|16th or 17th century AD.<ref name=":4" />
|The classical tradition of Burma seems to have begun around the late [[Toungoo dynasty|Toungoo period]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=CHING|first=TAN LI|date=2008-07-29|title=Transmission of Burmese Classical Music|url=http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/121048|access-date=2018-09-14|website=scholarbank.nus.edu.sg|language=en}}</ref> with an expansion of Western-influenced repertoire during the colonial period.{{Citation needed|reason=Information from Wikipedia page, needs a reliable source.|date=December 2021}} Organized into various forms based on tuning systems, melodic structure, rhythmic patterns and performance conventions, commonly played genres include the ''kyo'', ''bwe'', and ''{{transl|my|thachingan}}''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Inoue|first=Sayuri|date=2014-12-01|title=Written and Oral Transmission of Burmese Classical Songs|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Inoue-2014-Transmission_of_Burmese_Classical_Songs.pdf|journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies|issue=32|pages=41–55}}</ref>
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |editor-last=Church |editor-first=Michael |year=2015 |title=The Other Classical Musics: Fifteen Great Traditions |publisher=[[Boydell Press]] |location=Woodbridge |isbn=978-1-84383-726-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Terry E. |last2=Sam |first2=Sam-ang |date=Spring–Summer 1995 |title=The Classical Musics of Cambodia and Thailand: A Study of Distinctions |journal=[[Ethnomusicology (academic journal)|Ethnomusicology]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=229–243 |jstor=924427 |doi=10.2307/924427 }}
{{Music topics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Classical And Art Music Traditions, List Of}}
[[Category:Lists of music genres]]
[[Category:Classical and art music traditions|*]]