View source for List of counts palatine of the Rhine

{{Short description|Counts Palatine of the Rhine, Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, and Elector Palatines}}
{{One source|date=October 2022}}
This article lists '''counts palatine of Lotharingia''', '''counts palatine of the Rhine''', and '''electors of the Palatinate''' ({{langx|de|Kurfürst von der Pfalz}}), the titles of three [[counts palatine]] who ruled some part of the [[Rhine region]] in the Kingdom of Germany and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] between 915 to 1803. From 1261 (formally 1356), the title holder was a member of the small group of [[prince-elector]]s who elected the [[emperor of the Holy Roman Empire]]. Since then, the title has also referred to as "[[Electoral Palatinate|Elector Palatine]]".
==Counts palatine of Lotharingia, 915–1085==
The Palatinate emerged from the '''County Palatine of [[Lotharingia]]''' which came into existence in the 10th century.
* [[Wigeric of Lotharingia]], count of the Bidgau ({{circa}}&nbsp;915/916–922)<ref>Kreins, Jean-Marie. ''Histoire du Luxembourg''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition, p. 16</ref>
* [[Godfrey, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Godfrey]], count of the Jülichgau (c. 940)
===House of Ezzonen===
During the 11th century, the Palatinate was dominated by the [[Ezzonen|Ezzonian]] dynasty, which governed several counties on both banks of the Rhine. These territories were centered around [[Cologne]]-[[Bonn]], but extended south to the rivers [[Moselle]] and [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe]]. The southernmost point was near [[Alzey]].<ref name="Kohnle">{{cite book|last=Kohnle|first=Armin|title=Kleine Geschichte der Kurpfalz|publisher=G. Braun Buchverlag|location=Karlsruhe|date=2005|edition=First|series=Regionalgeschichte-fundiert und kompakt|page=17|chapter=Mittelalterliche Grundlagen; Pfalzgraftenamt, Territorialentwicklung und Kurwürde|isbn=3-7650-8329-1|language=German}}</ref>
* [[Hermann I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Hermann I of Lotharingia]] 945–996
* [[Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Ezzo of Lotharingia]] 996–1034
* [[Otto II, Duke of Swabia|Otto I of Lotharingia]] 1034–1045 ([[Duke of Swabia]] 1045–1047)
* [[Henry I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Henry I of Lotharingia]] 1045–1060/1061
* [[Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Hermann II of Lotharingia]] 1061/1064–1085 (in tutelage to [[Anno II, archbishop of Cologne]] until 1064)
==Counts palatine of the Rhine, 1085–1214==
From {{circa}}1085, after the death of the last Ezzonian count palatine, [[Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia|Herman II of Lotharingia]], the Palatinate lost its military importance in Lotharingia. The territorial authority of the count palatine was reduced to his counties along the Rhine, henceforth called the '''County Palatine of the Rhine'''.
* [[Heinrich II of Laach]] 1085–95
* [[Siegfried of Ballenstedt (d.1113)|Siegfried of Ballenstedt]] 1095–1113
* [[Gottfried of Kalw]] 1113–29
* [[William of Ballenstedt]] 1129–39
* [[Henry II of Austria|Henry IV Jasomirgott]] 1139–42
* [[Hermann III of Stahleck]] 1142–55
===Hohenstaufen counts palatine===
The first hereditary count palatine of the Rhine was [[Conrad of Hohenstaufen]], who was the younger brother of Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]]. The territories attached to this hereditary office began with those held by the [[Hohenstaufen]]s in [[Franconia]] and Rhineland. (Other branches of the Hohenstaufen dynasty received territories including lands in [[Swabia]] and [[Franche-Comté]]). Part of this land derived from their imperial ancestors, the [[Salian dynasty|Salian Emperors]], and part from Conrad's maternal ancestors, the [[Saarbrücken]]. This explains the composition of the inheritance that comprised the Upper and Rhenish Palatinate in the following centuries.
* [[Conrad of Hohenstaufen]] 1156–95
===Welf counts palatine===
In 1195, the Palatinate passed to the [[House of Welf]] through the marriage of [[Agnes of Hohenstaufen|Agnes]], heir to the Staufen count.
* [[Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry V]] of Welf 1195–1213
* [[Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry VI]] of Welf 1213–14
==The Palatinate under the Wittelsbach: the Electoral dignity (1214–1803)==
{{main|Electorate of the Palatinate}}
On the marriage of the Welf heiress Agnes in the early 13th century, the territory passed to the [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]] [[dukes of Bavaria]], who were also counts palatine of [[Bavaria]].
During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke [[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Louis II of Upper Bavaria]] in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the ''Nordgau'') centred around the town of [[Amberg]]. As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name '''Upper Palatinate''' (''Oberpfalz'') became common from the early 16th century, to contrast with the '''Lower Palatinate''' along the Rhine.
The [[Golden Bull of 1356]], in circumvention of [[Treaty of Pavia (1329)|inner-Wittelsbach contracts]] and thus bypassing [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]], recognized the Palatinate as one of the secular [[Prince-Elector|electorates]]. The count was given the hereditary offices of Archsteward (''Erztruchseß'') of the Empire and [[Imperial Vicar]] (''[[Reichsverweser]]'') of [[Franconia]], [[Swabia]], the [[Rhine]] and southern Germany. From that time forth, the Count Palatine of the Rhine was usually known as the Elector Palatine (''Kurfürst von der Pfalz''). The position of prince-elector had existed earlier (for example, when two rival [[kings of Germany]] were elected in 1257: [[Richard, Earl of Cornwall|Richard of Cornwall]] and [[Alfonso X of Castile]]), though it is difficult to determine exactly the earliest date of the office.
By the early 16th century, owing to the practice of dividing territories among different branches of the family, junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in [[Palatinate-Simmern|Simmern]], [[Palatinate-Lautern|Kaiserslautern]] and [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] in the Lower Palatinate, and in [[Palatinate-Neuburg|Neuburg]] and [[Palatinate-Sulzbach|Sulzbach]] in the Upper Palatinate.  The Elector Palatine, now based in [[Heidelberg]], adopted Lutheranism in the 1530s and [[Calvinism]] in the 1550s.
===[[House of Wittelsbach]]===
====Partitions of Palatinate under Wittelsbach rule====
{|  style="margin:auto; border-spacing:0; border:1px solid black; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
| colspan=26 style="background: #fff;" |'''County Palatine of the Rhine'''<br>(1214-1356)
|-
| colspan=26 style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(Main line)</small><br>(1356-1559)
|-
| colspan=3 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
| style="background:#abc;"|'''Neumarkt'''<br>(1410-1448)
| style="background:#fed;"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Mosbach--->
| colspan=21 rowspan="2" style="background: #cef;" |'''Simmern'''<br><small>(1st creation)</small><br>(1410-1598)<br><small>Simmern-Sponheim (1559-1598)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #fed;" |'''Mosbach'''<br>(1410-1490)
|-
| rowspan="8" style="background:#cef;"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Simmern--->
| colspan=20 rowspan=3" style="background: #f99;" |'''Zweibrücken'''<br><small>(Main line)</small><br>(1459-1661)
|-
| colspan=5 style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#ffb;"|'''Neuburg'''<br><small>(1st creation)</small><br>(1505-1557)
| colspan=4 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
|-
| rowspan="19" style="background:#ac9;"|'''Veldenz'''<br>(1543-1694)
| colspan=19 rowspan="3" style="background: #f99;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Zweibrücken--->
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#zzz;"|''Part of <span style="background:#f99;">'''Zweibrücken'''</span>''
|-
| colspan=4 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#cef;">'''Simmern Line'''</span>, 1st creation)</small><br>(1559-1623)
|-
| rowspan="14" style="background:#ffb;"|'''Neuburg'''<br><small>(2nd creation)</small><br>(1569-1685)
| style="background:#d8f;"|'''Zweibrücken<br>-Vohenstrauss<br>-Parkstein'''<br>(1569-1597)
| colspan=14 rowspan="3" style="background: #f99;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Zweibrücken--->
| colspan=3 rowspan="6" style="background: #cbd;" |'''Zweibrücken<br>-Birkenfeld'''<br>(1569-1731)
| rowspan="3" style="background:#cfc;"|'''Sulzbach'''<br><small>(1st creation)</small><br>(1569-1604)
|-
| rowspan="13" style="background:#zzz;"|''Part of <span style="background:#ffb;">'''Neuburg'''</span>''<br>(1597-1684)
|-
| colspan=5 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
|-
| colspan=12 rowspan="7" style="background: #f99;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Zweibrücken--->
| rowspan="7" style="background:#eac;"|'''Landsberg'''<br>(1604-1661)
| rowspan="14" style="background:#fca;"|'''Kleeburg'''<br>(1604-1718)
| rowspan="2" style="background:#zzz;"|''Part of <span style="background:#ffb;">'''Neuburg'''</span>''
|-
| colspan=4 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
| rowspan="8" style="background:#cef;"|'''Simmern'''<br><small>(2nd creation)</small><br>(1610-1674)
|-
| rowspan="14" style="background:#cfc;"|'''Sulzbach'''<br><small>(2nd creation)</small><br>(1614-1742)
|-
| rowspan="5" style="background:#cba;"|'''Zweibrücken<br>-Birkenfeld<br>-Bischweiler'''<br>(1615-1671)
| colspan=2 rowspan="3" style="background: #cbd;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Birkenfeld--->
|-
| colspan=4 style="background: #zzz;" |''Part of the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]''
|-
| colspan=4 rowspan="4" style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#cef;">'''Simmern Line'''</span>, 2nd creation)</small><br>(1648-1685)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#cbd;"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Birkenfeld--->
| rowspan="11" style="background:#cbf;"|'''Zweibrücken<br>-Birkenfeld<br>-Gelnhausen'''<br>(1654-1799)
|-
| colspan=13 rowspan="3" style="background: #f99;" |'''Zweibrücken'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#eac;">'''Landsberg Line'''</span>)</small><br>(1661-1677)
|-
| colspan=2 rowspan="7" style="background: #cbd;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Birkenfeld--->
|-
| colspan=5 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
|-
| colspan=13 rowspan="2" style="background: #zzz;" |''Annexed to the [[Kingdom of France]]''
|-
| colspan=6 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#ffb;">'''Neuburg Line'''</span>)</small><br>(1685-1742)
| rowspan="2" style="background:#zzz;"|''Part of <span style="background:#eee;">'''Electoral Palatinate'''</span>''<br>(1685-1694)
|-
| colspan=13 rowspan="2" style="background: #f99;" |'''Zweibrücken'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#fca;">'''[[Kingdom of Sweden|Swedish]] Kleeburg Line'''</span>, 1st creation)</small><br>(1693-1718)
|-
| colspan=8 rowspan="3" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Electorate--->
|-
| colspan=14 style="background: #f99;" |'''Zweibrücken'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#fca;">'''Kleeburg Line'''</span>, 2nd creation)</small><br>(1718-1731)
|-
| colspan=16 rowspan="2" style="background: #f99;" |'''Zweibrücken'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#cbd;">'''Birkenfeld Line'''</span>)</small><br>(1731-1799)
|-
| colspan=8 style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#cfc;">'''Sulzbach Line'''</span>)</small><br>(1742-1799)
| style="background:#eee;"|
|-
| colspan=26 style="background: #eee;" |'''Electoral Palatinate'''<br><small>(<span style="background:#f99;">'''Zweibrücken Line'''</span>)</small><br>(1799-1803)
|}
====Table of rulers====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Louis I, Duke of Bavaria|Louis I ''the Kelheimer'']]||[[File:Ludvig I, 1173-1231, hertig av Bayern, pfalzgreve vid Rehn - Nationalmuseum - 15779.tif|80px]]||23 December 1173||1214–1231||15 September 1231||[[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Ludmilla of Bohemia]]<br>1204<br>one child||Son of [[Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria]]. Louis obtained the [[Palatinate of the Rhine]] in 1214. So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was assassinated 1231.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria|Otto II ''the Illustrious'']]||[[File:Otto II Wittelsbach.jpg|80px]]||7 April 1206||1231–1253||29 November 1253|| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Agnes of the Palatinate]]<br>1222<br>[[Worms, Germany|Worms]]<br>eleven children ||Otto II served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto II's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Louis received the Palatinate.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Louis II, Duke of Bavaria|Louis II ''the Strict'']]||[[File:Fürstenfeldbruck-Klosterkirche 8.jpg|80px]]||13 April 1229||1253–1294||2 February 1294|| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria|Maria of Brabant]]<br>2 August 1254<br>''(executed)''<br>no children<br><br>[[Anna of Glogau|Anna of Głogów]]<br>1260<br>two children<br><br>[[Matilda of Habsburg|Matilda of Austria]]<br>24 October 1273<br>four children||
|- style="background:#fff"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|During a later division of territory among his heirs in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the ''Nordgau'') centred around the town of [[Amberg]]. As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name '''Upper Palatinate''' (''Oberpfalz'') became common from the early 16th century, to contrast with the '''Lower Palatinate''' along the Rhine.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria|Rudolph I ''the Stammerer'']]||[[File:Ausschnitt Codex Balduini Trevi.jpg|80px]]||4 October 1274||1294–1317||12 August 1319|| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Mechtild of Nassau|Matilda of Nassau]]<br>1 September 1294<br>[[Free Imperial City of Nuremberg|Nuremberg]]<br>six children
|rowspan="2"|Ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV ''the Bavarian'']]||[[File:Ludwig der Bayer.jpg|100px]]||5 April 1282||1294–1329||11 October 1347|| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Beatrice of Silesia|Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor]]<br>14 October 1308<br>six children
|- style="background:#fff"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|In 1327, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria]] occupied Palatinate, but wasn't recognized as Count Palatine, as he was defending the position of his younger nephews against the claimancy of his older nephew, [[Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine]]. Ten years later gave it to his nephews, sons of Rudolph. With the [[Treaty of Pavia (1329)|Treaty of Pavia]] in 1329, as Emperor, Louis made formal his donation, pushing back the claimant Count Adolf.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Rudolph II ''the Blind'']]||[[File:Rudolf II. von der Pfalz.jpg|80px]]||8 August 1306||1329–1353||4 October 1353|| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Anna of Carinthia-Tyrol]]<br>1328<br>one child<br><br>[[Margaret of Sicily, Countess Palatine of the Rhine|Margaret of Sicily]]<br>1348<br>no children||Son of Rudolph I.
|- style="background:#eee;"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|The [[Golden Bull of 1356]] confirmed the right to participate in the election of a [[Holy Roman Emperor]] to the Count Palatine, title that evolved to ''Elector Palatine''. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Robert, son of the pushed Count Adolf.
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Rupert I, Elector Palatine|Robert I ''the Red'']]'''<br>''(Ruprecht I. der Rote)''
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ruprecht I., 1910.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|9 June 1309
|style="background:#fff"|1353–1356
|rowspan="2"|16 February 1390
|style="background:#fff"| [[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Elisabeth of Namur]]'''<br>1350 or 1358<br>no children<br><br>'''[[Beatrix of Berg]]'''<br>1385<br>no children
|rowspan="2"|Son of Rudolph I and brother of Rudolph II. In January 1356 was recognized as the First Elector Palatine.
|- style="background:#eee"
||10 January 1356 – 16 February 1390||'''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Rupert II, Elector Palatine|Robert II ''the Hard'']]'''<br>''(Ruprecht II. der Harte)''||[[File:Ruprecht und Gattin 2.jpg|80px]]||12 May 1325||16 January 1390 – 6 January 1398||6 January 1398|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||[[Beatrice of Sicily (1326–1365)|Beatrice of Sicily]]<br>1345<br>seven children||Son of the claimant count Adolf.
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Rupert, King of the Romans|Robert III ''the Righteous'']]'''<br>''(Ruprecht III. der Gerechte)''||[[File:Die deutschen Kaiser Ruprecht von der Pfalz.jpg|80px]]||5 May 1352||6 January 1398 – 18 May 1410||18 May 1410|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Elisabeth of Nuremberg]]'''<br> 27 June 1374 <br>[[Amberg]]<br>seven children||Also [[King of Germany]] (1400–1410).
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Louis III, Elector Palatine|Louis III ''the Bearded'']]'''<br>''(Ludwig III. der Bärtige)''||[[File:Ludwig III. (Pfalz).jpg|80px]]||23 January 1378||18 May 1410 – 30 December 1436||30 December 1436|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||[[Blanche of England]]<br>6 July 1402<br>[[Cologne]]<br>no children <br><br>'''[[Matilda of Savoy]]'''<br>30 November 1417<br>five children
|rowspan="4"|Children of Robert III, divided the land. Louis kept the Electorate; Stephen received Simmern, John inherited Neumarkt and Otto received Mosbach. Stephen brought by marriage the [[County of Veldenz]] to his possessions, and, after his death, Zweibrücken split off from Simmern.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Stephen I]]||[[File:Stefan von Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken.jpg|80px]]||23 June 1385||1410–1459||14 February 1459|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Anna of Veldenz, Countess Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken|Anna of Veldenz]]<br>10 June 1410<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>eight children
|- style="background:#abc"
|[[John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt|John I]]||[[File:Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt.jpg|80px]]||1383||1410–1443||14 March 1443|| [[Palatinate-Neumarkt]]||[[Catherine of Pomerania, Countess Palatine of Neumarkt|Catherine of Pomerania-Stolp]]<br>15 August 1407<br>[[Ribe]]<br>seven children
|- style="background:#fed"
|[[Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach|Otto I]]||[[File:Pfalzgraf Otto I Mosbach a.jpg|80px]]||24 August 1390||1410–1461||5 July 1461|| [[Palatinate-Mosbach]]||[[Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut (1413-1444)|Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut]]<br>January 1430<br>[[Burghausen Castle|Burghausen]]<br>eight children
|- style="background:#eee"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach]] (1436-1442)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Louis IV, Elector Palatine|Louis IV ''the Meek'']]'''<br>''(Ludwig IV. der Sanftmütige)''||||1 January 1424||30 December 1436 – 13 August 1449||13 August 1449|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou|Margaret of Savoy]]'''<br>18 October 1445<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>one child
|- style="background:#abc"
|[[Christopher of Bavaria|Christopher I]]||[[File:Kristoffer, 1418-48, av Bayern konung av Danmark Norge och Sverige - Nationalmuseum - 15050.tif|80px]]||26 February 1416||1443–1448||5/6 January 1448|| [[Palatinate-Neumarkt]]||[[Dorothea of Brandenburg]]<br>12 September 1445<br>[[Copenhagen]]<br>no children || Also [[King]] of the [[Kalmar Union]] (1440–1448), in [[Denmark]], [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]. Left no descendants. Neumarkt reverted to Palatinate-Mosbach.
|- style="background:#abc"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Neumarkt definitely annexed to [[Palatinate-Mosbach]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Frederick I, Elector Palatine|Frederick I ''the Victorious'']]'''<br>''(Friedrich I. der Siegreiche)''||[[File:Friedrich der Siegreiche von Albrecht Altdorfer.jpg|80px]]||1 August 1425||13 August 1449 – 12 December 1476||12 December 1476|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||''[[Clara Tott]]''<br>1471/2<br>''(morganatic)''<br>two children || Brother of his predecessor. Left no legitimate heirs to the Electorate. He was succeeded by his nephew.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern|Frederick I ''the Pious'']]||||19 November 1417||1459–1480||29 November 1480|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Margaret of Guelders (1436 - 1486)|Margaret of Guelders]]<br>6 August 1454<br>[[Lobith]]<br>ten children
|rowspan="2"|Children of Stephen, divided the land.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Louis I ''the Black'']]||[[File:Herzog Ludwig I. der Schwarze von Zweibrücken und Veldenz (1423 – 1489).jpg|80px]]||1424||1459–1489||19 July 1489|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Johanna de Croÿ]]<br>20 March 1454<br>[[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]]<br>twelve children
|- style="background:#fed"
|[[Otto II, Count Palatine of Mosbach-Neumarkt|Otto II ''the Mathematician'']]||[[File:Grab Otto II - Pfalz Mosbach - Neumarkt -014.JPG|80px]]||26 June 1435||1461–1490||8 April 1499|| [[Palatinate-Mosbach]]||''Unmarried''|| Had a strong interest in astronomy and mathematics. Abdicated in 1490 to spend the remainder of his life in scientific pursuits. Mosbach reverted to the Electorate.
|- style="background:#fed"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Mosbach definitely annexed to the [[Electoral Palatinate]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Philip, Elector Palatine|Philip I ''the Upright'']]'''<br>''(Philipp I. der Aufrichtige)''||[[File:Pfalzgraf Philipp I (1448-1508) as donor, from St. Cacilien in Neckarsteinach, Middle Rhine - Pfalz, 1483 AD, stained and painted glass - Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt - Darmstadt, Germany - DSC00614.jpg|80px]]||14 July 1448||12 December 1476 – 28 February 1508||28 February 1508|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Margaret of Bavaria, Electress Palatine|Margaret of Bavaria]]'''<br>1474<br>[[Amberg]]<br>fourteen children ||
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[John I, Count Palatine of Simmern|John I]]||[[File:Fragment of an altarpiece, thought to depict Johan I, count palatine of Simmern.jpg|80px]]||15 May 1459||1480–1509||27 January 1509|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken]]<br>29 September 1481<br>three children ||
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Alexander I ''the Lame'']]||||26 November 1462||1489–1514||21 October 1514|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein]]<br>1499<br>[[Zweibrücken]]<br>six children
|rowspan="2"| Sons of Louis the Black, ruled jointly.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Kaspar]]||||11 July 1459||1489–1490||1527|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Amalie of Brandenburg]]<br>19 April 1478<br>[[Zweibrücken]]<br>no children
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Louis V, Elector Palatine|Louis V ''the Pacific'']]'''<br>''(Ludwig V. der Friedfertige)''||[[File:Ludwig V. Pfalz.jpg|80px]]||2 July 1478||28 February 1508 – 16 March 1544||16 March 1544|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Sibylle of Bavaria]]'''<br>23 February 1511<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children || Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[John II, Count Palatine of Simmern|John II]]||[[File:JohannIISimmern.jpg|80px]]||21 March 1492||1509–1557||18 May 1557|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Beatrix of Baden]]<br>22 May 1508<br>twelve children || He introduced the Reformation into Simmern which led to increased tensions with his neighbours, the Archbishoprics of Trier and Mainz.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Louis II ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Ludwig II., Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken (1502-1532).jpg|80px]]||14 September 1502||1514–1532||3 December 1532|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Elisabeth of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken|Elisabeth of Hesse]]<br>10 September 1525<br>[[Kassel]]<br>two children||
|- style="background:#ac9"
||[[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Robert I]]||[[File:Rupprecht von Pfalz-Veldenz.jpg|80px]]||1506
||1532–1544||28 July 1544|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]||[[Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg]]<br>23 June 1537<br>three children
|rowspan="3"|Divided the land. Robert was a younger brother of Louis II, and Wolfgang was Louis' son. Technically, Robert held both lands during Wolfgang's minority.
|- style="background:#f99"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Rupert, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Robert, Count Palatine of Veldenz]] (1532-1543)''</small>
|- style="background:#f99"
||[[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Wolfgang]]||[[File:Wolfgang von Zweibrücken-Neuburg.jpg|80px]]||26 September 1526
||1532–1569||11 June 1569|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Anna of Hesse]]<br>24 February 1544<br>thirteen children
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Frederick II, Elector Palatine|Frederick II ''the Wise'']]'''<br>''(Friedrich II. der Weise)''||[[File:Hans Besser 006.jpg|80px]]||9 December 1482||16 March 1544 – 26 December 1556||26 December 1556|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Dorothea of Denmark, Electress Palatine|Dorothea of Denmark]]'''<br>18 May 1535<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by a cousin.
|- style="background:#ac9"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|<small>''Regencies of [[Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg]] (1544-1546) and [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] (1544-1560)''</small>
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz|George John I ''the Astute'']]||[[File:Georg Johann von Pfalz-Veldenz.jpg|80px]]||11 April 1543||1560–1592||18 April 1592|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]||[[Anna of Sweden (1545-1610)|Anna of Sweden]]<br>20 December 1562<br>eleven children ||
|- style="background:#ffb"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regencies of [[Philip, Elector Palatine]] (1505-1508) and [[Frederick II, Elector Palatine]] (1508-1516)''</small>
|rowspan="4"|Children of [[Ruprecht of the Palatinate (Bishop of Freising)|Robert of Palatinate, bishop of Freising]] (and grandsons of Philip I). Their father married the heiress of Bavaria-Landshut, Elisabeth, was adopted by his father-in-law, and eventually became heir of Bavaria-Landshut. This new declaration led to the [[Landshut War]]. In the aftermath of the conflict, a part of Landshut joined Palatinate with the name of Palatinate-Neuburg. In 1557 Otto Henry abdicated of Neuburg to become Elector. Neuburg fell to Wolfgang I. Otto Henry left no descendants: the main line became extinct with his death. Simmern line succeeded in the Electorate.
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Otto Henry, Elector Palatine|Otto Henry ''the Magnanimous'']]'''<br>''(Ottheinrich. der Großmütige)''
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Georg Pencz 001.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|10 April 1502
|style="background:#ffb"|1505-1557
|rowspan="2"|12 February 1559
|style="background:#ffb"| [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Susanna of Bavaria]]<br>16 October 1529<br>[[Neuburg an der Donau]]<br>no children
|- style="background:#eee"
||26 December 1556 – 12 February 1559|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''
|- style="background:#ffb"
|[[Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg|Philip I ''the Warlike'']]||[[File:Count Palatine Philip the Warlike, by Hans Baldung.jpg|80px]]||12 November 1503||1505–1541||4 July 1548|| [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#ffb"
|colspan=8 align=center|''Neuburg annexed to Zweibrücken''
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Frederick III, Elector Palatine|Frederick III ''the Pious'']]'''<br>''(Friedrich III. der Fromme)''
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Friedrich der Fromme.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|14 February 1515
|style="background:#cef"|1557–1559
|rowspan="2"|26 October 1576
|style="background:#cef"| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]'''<br>21 October 1537<br>[[Kreuznach]]<br>eleven children<br><br>'''[[Amalia of Neuenahr]]'''<br>25 April 1569<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children
|rowspan="2"| When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the electorate passed to [[Frederick III, Elector Palatine|Frederick III]] of [[Palatinate-Simmern|Simmern]], son of John II and a staunch [[Calvinist]]. The Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the [[Netherlands]] and [[France]].
|- style="background:#eee"
||12 February 1559 – 26 October 1576|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim|George]]||||20 February 1518||1559–1569||17 May 1569|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Elisabeth of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken|Elisabeth of Hesse]]<br> 9 January 1541<br>one child ||  Son of John II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Reichard, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim|Richard]]||[[File:Richard of Pfalz-Simmern by the Brunswick-Lüneburg Court Miniaturist.jpg|80px]]||25 July 1521||1569–1598||13 January 1598|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Julianna of Wied, Countess Palatine of Simmern|Julianna of Wied]]<br>30 January 1569<br>four children<br><br>[[Emilie of Württemberg, Countess Palatine of Simmern|Emilie of Württemberg]]<br>26 March 1578<br>no children<br><br>[[Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz]]<br>14 December 1589<br>no children ||  Son of John II. Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
|- style="background:#cef"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Simmern briefly annexed to the [[Electoral Palatinate]] (1598–1610)''
|- style="background:#f99"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Anna of Hesse]], [[William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]] and [[Louis VI, Elector Palatine]] (1569-1574)''</small>
|rowspan="6"| Children of Wolfgang, divided the land:
* John received Zweibrücken;
* Frederick received Vohenstrauss-Parkstein, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
* Otto Henry received Sulzbach, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
* Charles received Birkenfeld;
* Philip Louis (the eldest son) received Neuburg, and absorbed his childless brothers land after their deaths.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|John I ''the Lame'']]||[[File:Julius Zimmermann - Johann I. (geb. 1550, reg. 1569-1604), Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Zweibrücken - 4489 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg|80px]]||8 May 1550||1569–1604||12 August 1604|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]<br>1579<br>[[Bad Bergzabern]]<br>nine children
|- style="background:#ffb"
||[[Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg|Philip Louis]]||[[File:Philip Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg.JPG|80px]]||2 October 1547||1569–1614
||22 August 1614|| [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]||[[Anna of Cleves (1552–1632)|Anna of Cleves]]<br>27 September 1574<br>[[Neuburg an der Donau]]<br>eight children
|- style="background:#d8f"
|[[Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein|Frederick I]]||[[File:Friedrich von Pfalz-Vohenstrauß-Parkstein.jpg|80px]]||11 April 1557||1569–1597||17 December 1597|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein]]||[[Katharina Sophie of Legnica]]<br>26 February 1587<br>three children
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach|Otto Henry]]||[[File:Otto Heinrich von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1556-1604, reg. 1582-1604).jpg|80px]]||22 July 1567||1569–1604||29 August 1604|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]||[[Dorothea Maria of Württemberg]]<br>25 November 1582<br>thirteen children
|- style="background:#cbd"
|[[Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|Charles I]]||[[File:Carolvs Pfalzgraff bei Rhein.jpeg|80px]]||4 September 1560||1569–1600||16 December 1600|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]||[[Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br>23 November 1590<br>four children
|- style="background:#d8f"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Vohenstrauss-Parkstein annexed to Neuburg''
|- style="background:#cfc"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Sulzbach annexed to Neuburg''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Louis VI, Elector Palatine|Louis VI ''the Careless'']]'''<br>''(Ludwig VI. der Leichtsinnige)''||[[File:Kurfuerst Ludwig VI. Pfalz.jpg|80px]]||4 July 1539||26 October 1576 – 22 October 1583||22 October 1583|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine|Elisabeth of Hesse]]'''<br>8 July 1560<br>[[Marburg]]<br>twelve children<br><br>'''[[Anne of Ostfriesland]]'''<br>12 July 1583<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children
|rowspan="2"|Children of Frederick III, divided the land: Louis received the Electorate, and John Casimir was given a portion at [[Kaiserslautern|Lautern]]. The latter didn't have descendants, and his portion returned to the Electorate.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern|John Casimir]]||[[File:Johann Casimir (Pfalz).jpg|80px]]||7 March 1543||1576-1592||16 January 1592|| [[Palatinate-Lautern|Palatinate-Simmern]]<br><small>(at [[Kaiserslautern|Lautern]])</small>||[[Elisabeth of Saxony]]<br>4 June 1570<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children
|- style="background:#cef"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Lautern reabsorbed in the Electorate''
|- style="background:#eee"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern|John Casimir, Count Palatine of Lautern]] (1583-1592)''</small>
|rowspan="2"| With his adviser [[Christian of Anhalt]], he founded the [[Protestant Union|Evangelical Union]] of [[Protestant]] states in 1608.
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine|Frederick IV ''the Righteous'']]'''<br>''(Friedrich IV. der Aufrichtige)''||[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 095 3.jpg|80px]]||5 March 1574||22 October 1583 – 19 September 1610||19 September 1610|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau|Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau]]'''<br>23 June 1593<br>[[Dillenburg]]<br>eight children
|- style="background:#ac9"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Anna of Sweden (1545-1610)|Anna of Sweden]] (1592-1598)''</small>
|rowspan="5"|Children of George John I, ruled jointly. In 1598 divided the land: George Gustavus kept Veldenz;  John Augustus received Lützelstein; and Louis Philip and George John received jointly received Gutenberg.  In 1601 George John ruled alone Gutenberg. In 1611, after the death of John Augustus with no descendants, Lützelstein was annexed to Guttenberg. In 1654, after the death of George John without descendants, Guttenberg reverted to Veldens, united under Leopold Louis, George Gustavus' son.
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz|George Gustavus]]||[[File:Georg Gustav von Pfalz-Veldenz.jpg|80px]]||6 February 1564||1598–1634||3 June 1634|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]||[[Elisabeth of Württemberg, Duchess of Palatinate-Veldenz|Elisabeth of Württemberg]]<br>30 October 1586<br>no children<br><br>[[Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (1581-1637)|Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]<br>17 May 1601<br>eleven children
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[John Augustus, Count Palatine of Lützelstein|John Augustus]]||[[File:Johann August zu Veldenz-Lützelstein.jpg|80px]]||26 November 1575||1598–1611||18 September 1611|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]<br><small>(at [[Lützelstein]])</small> ||[[Anne Elizabeth of the Palatinate (1549-1609)|Anne Elizabeth of the Palatinate]]<br>1599<br>no children
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Guttenberg|Louis Philip I]]||||24 November 1577||1598–1601||24 October 1601|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]<br><small>(at [[Gutenberg, Germany|Gutenberg]])</small>||''Unmarried''
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg|George John II]]||||24 June 1586||1598–1654||29 September 1654|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]<br><small>(at [[Gutenberg, Germany|Gutenberg]])</small>||[[Susanna of Palatinate-Sulzbach]]<br>20 December 1562<br>eleven children
|- style="background:#cbd"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Philipp Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg|Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg]] (1600-1612) and [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]] (1600-1604)''</small>
|rowspan="3"| Children of Charles I, divided the land.
|- style="background:#cbd"
|[[George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|George William]]||[[File:Georg-wilhelm.png|80px]]||6 August 1591||1608–1669||25 December 1669|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]||[[Dorothea of Solms-Sonnenwalde]]<br>30 November 1616<br>six children<br><br>[[Juliana of Salm-Grumbach]]<br>30 November 1641<br>no children<br><br>[[Anne Elizabeth of Öttingen-Öttingen]]<br>8 March 1649<br>no children
|- style="background:#cba"
|[[Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler|Christian I]]||[[File:Christian I. von Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler.jpeg|80px]]||3 November 1598||1615–1654||6 September 1654|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler]]||[[Magdalene Catherine, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken|Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]<br>14 November 1630<br>nine children<br><br>[[Maria Joanna of Helffenstein]]<br>28 October 1648<br>one child
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|John II ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Johann II von Pfalz-Zweibruecken.jpg|80px]]||26 March 1584||1604–1635||9 August 1635|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Catherine de Rohan]]<br>26 August 1604<br>one child<br><br>[[Louise Juliana of the Palatinate]]<br>13 May 1612<br>seven children
|rowspan="3"| Children of John I, divided the land: John Kept Zweibrücken, Frederick Casimir received Landsberg and John Casimir inherited Kleeburg.
|- style="background:#eac"
|[[Frederick Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg|Frederick Casimir]]||||10 June 1585||1604–1645||30 September 1645|| [[Palatinate-Landsberg]]||[[Countess Emilia Antwerpiana of Nassau|Emilia Antwerpiana of Orange-Nassau]]<br>4 July 1616<br>{{ill|Burg Landsberg (Alsace)|lt=Landsberg|de|Burg Landsberg (Elsass)}}<br>three children
|- style="background:#fca"
|[[John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg|John Casimir]]||[[File:John Casimir of the Kleeburg Palatinate c 1645 crop.jpg|80px]]||20 April 1589||1604–1652||18 June 1652|| [[Palatinate-Kleeburg]]||[[Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg|Catherine of Sweden]]<br>11 June 1615<br>[[Stockholm]]<br>eight children
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Frederick V of the Palatinate|Frederick V ''the Winter King'']]'''<br>''(Friedrich V. der Winterkönig)''||[[File:Friedrich V. von der Pfalz bis.jpg|80px]]||26 August 1596||19 September 1610 – 23 February 1623||29 November 1632|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia|Elizabeth of Great Britain]]'''<br>14 February 1613<br>[[London]]<br>thirteen children|| In 1619, he accepted the throne of [[Bohemia]] from the Bohemian estates. He was defeated by the [[Emperor Ferdinand II]] at the [[Battle of White Mountain]] in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. He was known as "the Winter King" because his reign in Bohemia only lasted one winter. In 1623, Frederick was put under the ban of the Empire.
|- style="background:#eee"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|Frederick V's territories and his position as elector were transferred to the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian I, of a distantly related branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Although technically Elector Palatine, he was known as the Elector of Bavaria. From 1648 he ruled in Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate alone, but retained all his electoral dignities and the seniority of the Palatinate Electorate.<br><br>''Electoral Palatinate briefly annexed to the [[Electorate of Bavaria]] (1623–1648)''
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern|Louis Philip]]||[[File:Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern.jpg|80px]]||23 November 1602||1610–1655||6 January 1655|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg]]<br>4 December 1631<br>seven children||  Son of Elector Frederick, restored Simmern.
|- style="background:#ffb"
|[[Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg|Wolfgang William]]||[[File:Wolfgang Wilhelm.jpg|80px]]||4 November 1578||1614–1653||14 September 1653|| [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]||[[Magdalene of Bavaria]]<br>11 November 1613<br>[[Munich]]<br>one child<br><br>[[Catharina Charlotte of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]<br>11 November 1631<br>[[Blieskastel]]<br>two children<br><br>[[Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg]]<br>3 June 1651<br>no children|| Son of Philip Louis, inherited Neuburg.
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach|Augustus]]||[[File:August, Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach.jpg|80px]]||2 October 1582||1614–1632||14 August 1632|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]||[[Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp, Duchess of Palatinate-Sulzbach|Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp]]<br>17 July 1620<br>seven children
|rowspan="2"| Sons of Philip Louis, inherited Sulzbach. John Frederick created Palatinate-Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein, but at his death with no surviving children, Sulzbach became reunited under Augustus' son, Christian August.
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein|John Frederick]]||||23 August 1587||1614–1644||19 October 1644|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]<br><small>(at [[Hilpoltstein]])</small>||[[Sophie Agnes of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br>7/17 November 1624<br>eight children
|- style="background:#cfc"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Johann Friedrich, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein|John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein]] (1632-1636)''</small>
|rowspan="2"| Reunited Sulzbach after John Frederick's death in 1644.
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach|Christian Augustus]]||[[File:ChristianAugustPfalzSulz.jpg|80px]]||26 July 1622||1632–1708||23 July 1708|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]||[[Amalie of Nassau-Siegen (1615-1669)|Amalie of Nassau-Siegen]]<br>27 March 1649<br>five children
|- style="background:#ac9"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg]] (1634-1639)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Reunited Palatinate-Veldenz in 1654. However, left no surviving male descendants. Veldenz went to the Electorate.
|- style="background:#ac9"
|[[Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz|Leopold Louis]]||[[File:LeopoldLudwigPfalzVeld.jpg|80px]]||1 February 1625||1634–1694||29 September 1694|| [[County of Veldenz#Palantine Veldenz Line|Palatinate-Veldenz]]||[[Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg]]<br>4 July 1648<br>[[Bischweiler]]<br>twelve children
|- style="background:#ac9"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Veldenz definitely annexed to the [[Electoral Palatinate]]''
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Frederick I]]||||5 April 1619||1635–1661||9 July 1661|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Anna Juliane of Nassau-Saarbrücken]]<br>6 April 1640<br>ten children|| Left no male surviving descendants. Zweibrucken was inherited by Landsberg line.
|- style="background:#f99"
|rowspan="2"|[[Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Frederick Louis]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Fredrik Ludvig, 1619-1681, pfalzgreve av Landsberg och Zweibrücken - Nationalmuseum - 15766.tif|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|27 October 1619
|style="background:#eac"|1645–1661
|rowspan="2"|11 April 1681
|style="background:#eac"| [[Palatinate-Landsberg]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]<br>14 November 1645<br>[[Düsseldorf]]<br>thirteen children<br><br>''[[Anna Marie Elisabeth Hepp]]''<br>21 August 1672<br><small>(morganatic)</small><br>five children
|rowspan="2"|Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Frederick in 1661, and annexed Landsberg to it. In 1677 the [[Kingdom of France]] occupied his duchies. He left no surviving descendants.
|- style="background:#f99"
||1661–1677|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]
|- style="background:#eac"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Landsberg was definitely reannexed to the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]''
|- style="background:#f99"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Zweibrücken (with Landsberg) was briefly annexed to the [[Kingdom of France]] (1677–1693)''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine|Charles Louis]]'''<br>''(Karl I. Ludwig)''||[[File:KarlILudwigvonderPfalz02.jpg|80px]]||22 December 1617||24 October 1648- 28 August 1680||28 August 1680|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''<br>''([[Palatinate-Simmern|Simmern line]] restored)''||'''[[Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel|Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel]]'''<br>22 February 1650<br>[[Kassel]]<br>''(unilateral divorce in 1658)''<br>three children<br><br>''[[Marie Luise von Degenfeld]]''<br>6 January 1658<br>[[Schwetzingen]]<br>''(morganatic and bigamous)''<br>thirteen children<br><br>''[[Elisabeth Hollander von Bernau]]''<br>11 December 1679<br>[[Vohenstrauß]]<br>''(morganatic)''<br>one child||Son of Frederick V. By the [[Peace of Westphalia]] in 1648, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate and was given a ''new'' electoral title, also that of "Elector Palatine" but lower in precedence than the other electorates.
|- style="background:#fca"
|[[Charles X Gustav of Sweden|Charles Gustavus]]||[[File:King Charles X Gustavus (Sébastien Bourdon) - Nationalmuseum - 19702.tif|80px]]||8 November 1622||1652–1654||13 February 1660|| [[Palatinate-Kleeburg]]||[[Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp]]<br>24 October 1654<br>[[Stockholm]]<br>one child|| Abdicated from Kleeburg in 1654, to become [[King of Sweden]] (as ''Charles X)'', right hat he inherited from his mother.
|- style="background:#cbf"
|[[John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen|John Charles]]||[[File:Johan Karl, 1638-1704, pfalzgreve av Birkenfeld (Abraham Wuchters) - Nationalmuseum - 15758.tif|80px]]||17 October 1638||1654–1704||21 February 1704|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]]||[[Sophie Amalie of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]<br>1685<br>[[Weikersheim]]<br>one child<br><br>[[Esther Maria von Witzleben]]<br>28 July 1696<br>five children|| Son of Christian I, received Gelnhausen.
|- style="background:#fca"
|[[Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg|Adolph John I]]||[[File:Adolf Johan d.ä., 1629-1689 (David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl) - Nationalmuseum - 39785.jpg|80px]]||21 October 1629||1654–1689||24 October 1689|| [[Palatinate-Kleeburg]]||[[Elsa Beata Brahe]]<br>19 June 1649<br>[[Stockholm]]<br>one child<br><br>[[Elsa Elisabeth Brahe]]<br>1661<br>[[Stockholm]]<br>nine children|| Brother of Charles Gustavus, received Kleeburg after the abdication of his brother.
|- style="background:#cef"
|[[Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern|Louis Henry]]||||11 October 1640||1655–1674||3 January 1674|| [[Palatinate-Simmern]]||[[Maria of Orange-Nassau (1642–1688)|Maria of Orange-Nassau]]<br>23 September 1666<br>[[Kleve]]<br>no children|| Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
|- style="background:#cef"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Simmern definitely annexed to the [[Electoral Palatinate]]''
|- style="background:#cbd"
|[[Charles II Otto, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|Charles Otto]]||||5 September 1625||1669–1671||30 March 1671|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]||[[Margaret Hedwig of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1625-1676)|Margaret Hedwig of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein]]<br>26 September 1658<br>three children|| Left no surviving descendants. Birkenfeld passed to Bischweiler line.
|- style="background:#cbd"
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|Christian II]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Christian II. (Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld).jpeg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|22 June 1637
|style="background:#cba"|1654–1671
|rowspan="2"|26 April 1717
|style="background:#cba"| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein|Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein]]<br>5 September 1667<br>seven children
|rowspan="2"| Son of Christian I, kept Bischweiler, while his brother John Charles gained Gelnhausen.Inherited Birkenfeld from his cousin Charles Otto, and annexed Bischweiler to it.
|- style="background:#cbd"
||1671–1717|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]
|- style="background:#cba"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler definitely reannexed to the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Charles II, Elector Palatine|Charles II]]'''<br>''(Karl II)''||[[File:Charles II, Elector Palatine 01.jpg|80px]]||10 April 1651||28 August 1680 – 26 May 1685||26 May 1685|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||'''[[Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark|Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark]]'''<br>20 September 1671<br>[[Heidelberg]]<br>no children|| Last of Simmern line.
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Philip William, Elector Palatine|Philip William]]'''<br>''(Philipp Wilhelm)''
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Anonym Herzog Philipp Wilhelm.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|24 November 1615
|style="background:#ffb"|1653–1685
|rowspan="2"|2 September 1690
|style="background:#ffb"| [[Palatinate-Neuburg]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anna Catherine Constance Vasa|Anna Catherine of Poland]]<br>8 June 1642<br>[[Warsaw]]<br>no children<br><br>'''[[Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt|Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]'''<br>3 September 1653<br>[[Bad Schwalbach]]<br>seventeen children
|rowspan="2"| When the Simmern branch of the family died out in 1685, the electorate passed to [[Philip William, Elector Palatine|Philip William]] of [[Palatinate-Neuburg|Neuburg]]  (also Duke of [[Duchy of Jülich|Jülich]] and [[Berg (German region)|Berg]]), son of Wolfgang William. He was  a Catholic and a maternal nephew of [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian I of Bavaria]].
|- style="background:#eee"
||26 May 1685 – 2 September 1690|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''
|- style="background:#fca"
|[[Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg|Adolph John II]]||||21 August 1666||1689–1701||27 April 1701|| [[Palatinate-Kleeburg]]||''Unmarried''|| Left no descendants. His lands went to his brother, Gustavus.
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|John William]]'''<br>''(Johann Wilhelm)''||[[File:Jan Frans van Douven 003.jpg|80px]]||19 April 1658||2 September 1690 – 8 June 1716||8 June 1716|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||[[Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria|Maria Anna Josepha of Austria]]<br>25 October 1678<br>[[Wiener Neustadt]]<br>two children<br><br>'''[[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]]'''<br>6 May 1691<br>[[Innsbruck]]<br>no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles III]]||[[File:Charles XI of Sweden (1691).jpg|80px]]||24 November 1655||1693–1697||5 April 1697|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark]]<br>6 May 1680<br>[[Skottorp]]<br>seven children|| Son of Charles Gustavus (Charles X of Sweden), assumed the restored Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Also [[King of Sweden]], as ''Charles XI''.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles IV]]||[[File:Karl (Charles) XII of Sweden.png|80px]]||17 June 1682||1697–1718||30 November 1718|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||''Unmarried''|| Son of Charles II. Also [[King of Sweden]], as ''Charles XII''. After his death with no descendants, Zweibrücken was inherited by Kleeburg line.
|- style="background:#f99"
|rowspan="2"|[[Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken|Gustavus]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Gustav Samuel Leopold NMGrh 1101.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|12 April 1670
|style="background:#fca"|1701–1718
|rowspan="2"|17 September 1731
|style="background:#fca"| [[Palatinate-Kleeburg]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Dorothea of Palatinate-Veldenz]]<br>10 July 1707<br>no children<br><br>''[[Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann]]''<br>13 May 1723<br>''(morganatic)''<br>no children
|rowspan="2"| Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Charles III, and annexed Kleeburg to it. Left no descendants.  His lands went to Birkenfeld line.
|- style="background:#f99"
||1718–1731|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]
|- style="background:#fca"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Kleeburg was definitely reannexed to the [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]''
|- style="background:#cbf"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency (1704-1711)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John.
|- style="background:#cbf"
|[[Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen|Frederick Bernard]]||||28 May 1697||1704–1739||5 August 1739|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]]||[[Ernestine Louise of Waldeck-Pyrmont]]<br>30 May 1737<br>[[Arolsen]]<br>two children
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach|Theodore Eustace]]||[[File:Theodor, Pfalzgraf von Sulzbach Hz von Bayern.jpg|80px]]||14 February 1659||1708–1732||11 July 1732|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]||[[Landgravine Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg|Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br>6 June 1692<br>[[Lobositz]]<br>nine children||
|- style="background:#eee"
|'''[[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Charles Philip]]'''<br>''(Karl III. Philipp)''||[[File:Karl Philipp, Kurfürst (1716-1742).jpg|80px]]||4 November 1661||8 June 1716 - 31 December 1742||31 December 1742|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''||[[Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł]]<br>10 August 1688<br>[[Berlin]]<br>four children<br><br>[[Teresa Lubomirska]]<br>15 December 1701<br>[[Kraków]]<br>two children<br><br>''[[Violante Theresia of Thurn and Taxis]]''<br>1728<br>''(morganatic)''<br>no children|| Left no descendants. The Electorate went to Sulzbach line.
|- style="background:#f99"
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Christian III]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Christian III de Deux-Ponts-Birkenfeld--Joseph Matter-f4232641.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="2"|7 November 1674
|style="background:#cbd"|1717–1731
|rowspan="2"|3 February 1735
|style="background:#cbd"| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken]]<br>21 September 1719<br>[[Lorentzen family|Lorentzen]]<br>four children
|rowspan="2"| Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Gustavus, and annexed Birkenfeld to it.
|- style="background:#f99"
||1731–1735|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]
|- style="background:#cbd"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld definitely reannexed to [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]''
|- style="background:#cfc"
|[[John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach|John Christian]]||[[File:Bildnis Johann Christian von Sulzbach (1700-1733).jpg|80px]]||23 January 1700||1732–1733||20 July 1733|| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]||[[Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne]]<br>15 February 1722<br>two children<br><br>[[Landgravine Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg|Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg]]<br>21 January 1731<br>[[Mannheim]]<br>no children||
|- style="background:#f99"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken]] (1735-1740)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|His children from his morganatic marriage were barred from succession. He was succeeded by his nephew.
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Christian IV]]||[[File:Christian IV of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.jpg|80px]]||6 September 1722||1735–1775||5 November 1775|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||''[[Maria Johanna Camasse]]''<br>1751<br><small>(morganatic)</small><br>six children
|- style="background:#cbf"
|[[John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen|John]]||[[File:Johann, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen.png|80px]]||24 May 1698||1739–1780||10 February 1780|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]]||[[Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun]]<br>1743<br>[[Dhaun]]<br>eight children||
|- style="background:#cfc"
|colspan=7 align=center|<small>''Regency of [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Charles Philip, Elector Palatine]] (1733-1738)''</small>
|rowspan="4"|The title and authority of Elector Palatine were subsumed into the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. Charles Theodore and his heirs retaining only the single vote and precedence of the Bavarian elector, though they continued to use the title "Count Palatine of the Rhine" ({{langx|de|Pfalzgraf bei Rhein}}, {{langx|la|Comes Palatinus Rheni}}). Left no descendants, and the Electorates passed to Zweibrücken line.
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles Theodore]]'''<br>''(Karl IV Theodor)''
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Workshop of Batoni - Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria.png|80px]]
|rowspan="3"|11 December 1724
|style="background:#cfc"|1733-1742
|rowspan="3"|16 February 1799
|style="background:#cfc"| [[Palatinate-Sulzbach]]
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste of Sulzbach|Elisabeth Auguste of Palatinate-Sulzbach]]'''<br>17 January 1742<br>[[Mannheim]]<br>one child<br><br>'''[[Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este|Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este]]'''<br>15 February 1795<br>[[Innsbruck]]<br>no children
|- style="background:#eee"
||31 December 1742 - 30 December 1777|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]]'''
|- style="background:#eee"
||30 December 1777 - 16 February 1799|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]] and [[Electorate of Bavaria]]'''
|- style="background:#f99"
|[[Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken|Charles August]]||[[File:Charlesaugustzweibruecken.jpg|80px]]||29 October 1746||1775–1795||1 April 1795|| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]||[[Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony|Maria Amalia of Saxony]]<br>12 February 1774<br>[[Dresden]]<br>no children|| Son of [[Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]], brother of Christian IV. Succeeded his uncle, but left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#cbf"
|[[Charles John Louis, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen|Charles John]]||||13/18 September 1745||1780–1789||31 March 1789|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]]||''Unmarried''|| Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother William.
|- style="background:#cbf"
|[[Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria|William]]||[[File:Herzog Wilhelm in Bayern.jpg|80px]]||10 November 1752||1789–1799||8 January 1837|| [[Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen]]||[[Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld|Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]<br>30 January 1780<br>[[Mannheim]]<br>three children|| In 1799 his lands were annexed to Bavaria.
|- style="background:#cbf"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen definitely annexed to the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian Joseph]]'''<br>''(Maximilian I. Joseph)''
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Hornöck Maximilian I von Bayern um 1810.jpg|80px]]
|rowspan="3"|27 May 1756
|style="background:#f99"|1795-1799
|rowspan="3"|13 October 1825
|style="background:#f99"| [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt|Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br>30 September 1785<br>[[Darmstadt]]<br>five children<br><br>'''[[Caroline of Baden]]'''<br>9 March 1797<br>[[Karlsruhe]]<br>eight children
|rowspan="3"|  Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. The Palatinate was dissolved in the [[Wars of the French Revolution]]. First, its left bank territories were occupied (and then annexed) by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of [[Baden]]. The Rhenish Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In 1806, the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was abolished, and all the rights and responsibilities of the electors with it.
|- style="background:#eee"
||16 February 1799 - 27 April 1803|| '''[[Electoral Palatinate]] and [[Electorate of Bavaria]]'''
|- style="background:#eee"
||27 April 1803 - 1 January 1806|| '''[[Electorate of Bavaria]]'''
|- style="background:#f99"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Palatinate-Zweibrücken was definitely annexed to the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
| colspan="8" style="text-align:center;"|''Electoral Palatinate was definitely annexed to the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]''
|}
==Electors of Bavaria and counts palatine of the Rhine, 1777–1803==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="5" style="background: #ccc; font-weight: bold;" | Zweibrücken Line
|-
! scope="col" | Image
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Began
! scope="col" | Ended
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| [[File:King Max I Joseph in Coronation Robe.jpg|80px]]
| style="text-align: center;" | '''[[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian I Joseph]]'''
| style="text-align: center;" | 16 February 1799
| style="text-align: center;" | 27 April 1803
| Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Zweibrücken]] (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. The Palatinate was dissolved in the [[Wars of the French Revolution]]. First, its left bank territories were occupied (and then annexed) by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of [[Baden]]. The Rhenish Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In 1806, the [[Holy Roman Empire]] was abolished, and all the rights and responsibilities of the electors with it.
|}
==Later history==
Following the great restorations of 1815, the Lower Palatinate (albeit without any [[prince-elector]] role) was restored as one of eight Bavarian Districts. After [[World War II]] the American Military Government of Germany took the Lower Palatinate from Bavaria and merged it with neighbouring territories to form a new state called [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] (German: ''Rheinland-Pfalz'') with Mainz as the state capital. The people had felt neglected by the governments in Munich for generations and later approved the merger in a plebiscite.
The present head of the House of [[Wittelsbach]], [[Franz, Duke of Bavaria]] (born 1933), is still traditionally styled as ''His Royal Highness the [[Duke of Bavaria]], Duke of [[Duchy of Franconia|Franconia]] and in [[Swabia]], Count Palatine of the Rhine''.
==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Electors Palatine}}
{{Electors_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_after_1356}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Holy Roman Empire|Monarchy}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Counts Palatine of the Rhine}}
[[Category:Lists of counts]]
[[Category:Lists of German nobility]]
[[Category:Lists of office-holders in Germany]]
[[Category:Holy Roman Empire-related lists]]
[[Category:Counts Palatine of the Rhine| ]]
[[Category:Prince-electors of the Palatinate| ]]
[[et:Pfalzi kuurvürstkond#Pfalzi kuurvürstkonna valitsejate loend]]