View source for List of the Great Depression-era outlaws

{{Short description|none}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}
<!-- Please do not add mobsters or similar organized crime figures. This list is specifically for criminals of the "Public Enemy"-era and unrelated to the Mafia or similar organizations of the period. -->
This is a '''list of the Great Depression-era outlaws''' spanning the years of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] and the [[Great Depression]] known as the "[[Public enemy|Public Enemy]]" era. Those include high-profile criminals wanted by state and federal law enforcement agencies for armed robbery, kidnapping, murder, and other violent crime. These are not to be confused with [[organized crime|organized crime figures]] of [[:Category:American gangsters of the interwar period|the same period]].
==List==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!  width="21%" |Name
!  width="7%" |Portrait
!  width="9%" |Life
!  width="55%" |Comments
|- valign="top"
|[[Edward J. Adams]]
|[[File:Edward Adams (mugshot, 1921).jpg|50px]]
|1887–1921
|Bootlegger, car thief, murderer: After being sentenced to life imprisonment, Adams escaped custody twice. He was killed in a shootout with police.<ref name="LOA1">{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters.html |title=Prohibition Era Gangsters & Outlaws – Page 1 |author= |year=2003 |work=20th Century America: Prohibition and Depression Era Gangsters & Outlaws |publisher=LegendsofAmerica.com |access-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-date=April 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408032637/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Newton">{{cite book |last= Newton |first= Michael |title= Encyclopedia of Robbers, Heists, and Capers |publisher= Facts On File Inc |date= September 2002 |isbn= 0-8160-4488-0 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro0000newt }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Wellman |first= Paul |title= A Dynasty of Western Outlaws |publisher=Bonanza Books |location=New York |year= 1961 |isbn=0-8032-9709-2}}</ref>
|-
|[[George Anderson (criminal)|George "Dutch" Anderson]]
|[[File:George Dutch Anderson Wanted.jpg|55px]]
|1879–1925
|Anderson and his associates successfully robbed a US Mail truck in New York City of $2.4 million in cash, bonds, and jewelry.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[John Ashley (bandit)|John Ashley]]
|[[File:John Ashley.jpg|50px]]
|1895–1924
|Florida bandit known as the "King of the Everglades": His gang robbed banks and trains, hijacked rumrunners, and feuded with police in southern Florida until Ashley's death in 1924.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Harvey Bailey|Harvey John Bailey]]
|[[File:Harvey Bailey's mugshot Dallas 1933 2013-08-25 21-10.jpg|50px]]
|1887–1979
|Considered one of the most successful bank robbers of the 1920s, Bailey stole over a million dollars. Bailey spent 31 years in prison and died at the age 91 in [[Joplin, Missouri]].<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Basil Banghart|Basil "The Owl" Banghart]]
|[[File:The Owl.png|76x76px]]
|1900–1982
|Basil is best remembered for his involvement in the hoax kidnapping of Chicago mobster Jake "the Barber" Factor, a crime for which  [[Roger Touhy]] and he were eventually proven innocent after nearly 20 years in prison.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|Lloyd Barkdoll
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1900–1982
|Oregon bank robber: Sentenced to life imprisonment, Barkdoll took part in an unsuccessful escape attempt with [[Sam Shockley]], [[Cretzer–Kyle Gang|Joseph Cretzer, and Arnold Kyle]] from Alcatraz in 1941.<ref name="LOA1"/>
|-
|[[Ma Barker]]
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:Ma Barker.jpg|50px]] -->
|1873–1935
|Legendary associate of the [[Barker–Karpis gang]]<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Arthur Barker]]
|[[File:Arthur Barker.jpg|50px]]
|1901–1939
|Member of the [[Barker–Karpis gang]], son of Ma Barker<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Fred Barker]]
||[[File:Fred-barker1.jpg|50px]]
|1899–1935
|Member of the Barker–Karpis gang, son of Ma Barker<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Blanche Barrow]] and<br>[[Buck Barrow]]
|[[File:Buck and Blanche FOIA FBI.jpg|50px]]
|1911–1988 (Blanche)<br>1903–1933 (Buck)
|Members of the Barrow gang
|-
|[[Clyde Barrow]] and<br>[[Bonnie Parker]]<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|[[File:Bonnieclyde f.jpg|50px]]
|1909–1934 (Clyde)<br>1910–1934 (Bonnie)
|
|-
|[[Albert Bates (criminal)|Albert Bates]]
|[[File:Albert Bates mugshot 1934.jpg|55px]]
|1891–1948
|Bates was the longtime partner of [[George "Machine Gun" Kelly]] and participated in the kidnapping of oil tycoon [[Charles F. Urschel|Charles Urschel]] in 1933.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Eddie Bentz|Edward Wilheim Bentz]]
|[[File:Edward Eddie Bentz mugshot 1936.jpg|50px]]
|1894–1979
|Bentz was an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw associated with several high-profile public enemies during his criminal career. He was eventually captured by the FBI and sentenced to Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Joe Bergl]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1901–1950
|A mechanic for [[Al Capone]], he supplied Capone with custom-made vehicles. The vehicles were designed for protection and evasion purposes, and included armor plating, smokescreens, and oil slicks.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[George Birdwell]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1894–1932
|George Birdwell was an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw. He was one of the closest known associates of [[Pretty Boy Floyd]].<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Charles Birger]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1881–1928
|A bootlegger based in the southern region of Illinois: Birger's gang, along with the [[Shelton Brothers Gang|Shelton Brothers gang]], waged war with each other, and the local [[Ku Klux Klan]] throughout the 1920s.
|-
|[[Fred William Bowerman]]
|[[File:FBI-046-FredWilliamBowerman.jpg|55px]]
|1893–1953
|Fred William Bowerman was an American criminal, bank robber, and Depression-era outlaw, who was eventually placed on the FBI's "[[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives|Ten Most Wanted]]" list in 1953. He was a party to the disastrous Southwest Bank holdup in St. Louis, Missouri, which was later made into a movie ''[[The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery]]''.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Ford Bradshaw]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1908–1934
|Though Bradshaw never attained the fame of fellow [[Grady County, Oklahoma|Sooner, Oklahoma]], Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd, his small-town bank raids far exceeded those of Floyd during his criminal career. He was killed resisting arrest.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Tom Bradshaw (criminal)|Tom "Skeet" Bradshaw]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911-
|Brother of Ford Bradshaw and member of the Cookson Hills gang: Suspected in several bank robberies in Oklahoma and Kansas, he was eventually convicted of attempted murder and bootlegging in 1934.<ref name="LOA1"/>
|-
|[[Robert Brady (criminal)|Robert "Big Bob" Brady]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1904–1934
|A known associate of the [[Wilbur Underhill, Jr.|Bailey–Underhill gang]]<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Al Brady]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911–1937
|Brady was an Indiana-born armed robber and murderer, who became one of the FBI's "Public Enemies" in the 1930s.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Harold Brest]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1912–1979
|A Pennsylvania bank robber, he was sent to Alcatraz, and was a participant in Floyd Hamilton's 1943 escape attempt.<ref name="LOA1"/>
|-
|[[Lester Brockelhurst]]
|[[File:LesterBrockelhurstBerniceFelton.jpg|55px]]
|1914–1938
|In 1937, "25 year-old" Bible student Lester Brockelhurst and 18-year-old Bernice Felton were arrested after three murders and multiple robberies in 18 states. Brockelhurst was sentenced to death; Felton was acquitted.
|-
|[[Harry Brunette]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911–1972
|He was declared a national "public enemy" by the Federal Bureau of Investigation when partner Merle Vandenbush and he robbed a series of banks in the New York City area and kidnapped New Jersey state trooper William A. Turnbull during 1936.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Fred "Killer" Burke]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1885–1940
|Burke was an armed robber, contract killer, and primary suspect in the [[St. Valentine's Day Massacre]]. Burke was named America's most wanted man. Eventually imprisoned, he died there of heart disease.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/><ref>{{cite book |last1= Helmer |first1= William |last2= Bilek |first2= Arthur |title= The St. Valentine's Day Massacre: The Untold Story Of The Bloodbath That Brought Down Al Capone |publisher=Cumberland House |location=Nashville, Tennessee |year= 2007 |isbn=978-1-58182-549-7}}</ref>
|-
|[[John Callahan (outlaw)|John Callahan]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1866–1936
|Callahan was an American outlaw and bank robber during the closing days of the Old West. He eventually became the leading underworld figure in Wichita, Kansas, during Prohibition, specifically becoming involved in bootlegging and narcotics.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Robert Carey (gangster)|Robert Carey]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1894–1932
|An armed robber and contract killer, he was  considered as a suspect in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.<ref name="LOA2">{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters2.html |title=Prohibition Era Gangsters & Outlaws – Page 2 |author= |year=2003 |work=20th Century America: Prohibition and Depression Era Gangsters & Outlaws |publisher=LegendsofAmerica.com |access-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-date=January 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112091236/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters2.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tommy Carroll (criminal)|Tommy Carroll]]
|[[File:Tommy Carroll Photo.jpg|55px]]
|1901–1934
|A boxer-turned-criminal, Carroll committed numerous robberies during the 1920s and 1930s, and was a longtime member of the [[John Dillinger|John Dillinger gang]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Gerald Chapman]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1888–1926
|Chapman was known as the "Count of Gramercy Park", and was convicted of several robberies and murders. Eventually considered one of America's top-10 criminals, Chapman was convicted of the murder of police officer James Skelly. He was sentenced to hang and was executed on April 6, 1926.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/><ref>{{cite book |last= Jeffers |first= H. Paul |title= Gentleman Gerald: The Crimes and Times of Gerald Chapman, America's First Public Enemy No. 1 |publisher= St. Martin's House |year= 1993 |isbn= 0-312-13500-9 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/gentlemangeraldc00jeff }}</ref>
|-
|[[John Paul Chase]]
|[[File:Chasemug.jpg|60x60px]]
|1901–1973
|He was a longtime criminal associate of the Barker–Karpis gang and [[Baby Face Nelson]], who later brought him into the [[John Dillinger|John Dillinger gang]]. Chase was eventually caught and sent to Alcatraz, where he became one of the longest-serving inmates.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Vivian Chase]]
|[[File:Vivian Chase Wichita KS mug shot.JPG|50x50px]]
|1902–1935
|Chase was an associate of several robbers, including her husband, George Chase, and Charlie Mayes. However, she is best known for her role in the kidnapping of banker August Luer. Because Luer was not in good health, Chase and her partner O'Malley released him not long after his capture. O'Malley was eventually arrested, while Chase escaped. She was later found dead in her car outside St. Luke's Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[James Clark (criminal)|James "Oklahoma Jack" Clark]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1902–1974
|Clark was a bank robber who stole more than $15,000 from a bank in [[Clinton, Indiana]]. Held in an Indiana state prison, he met [[John Dillinger]], [[Harry Pierpont]], and others. He escaped using pistols smuggled in by a visitor, but was recaptured shortly thereafter. He died in prison.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Jim Clark (criminal)|Jim Clark]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1902–1974
|Clark was associated with [[Wilbur Underhill]], [[Harvey Bailey]], and Robert "Big Bob" Brady, and remained a public enemy in Kansas until his capture and imprisonment in 1934.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Russell Clark (criminal)|Russell "Boobie" Clark]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1898–1968
|He is best known as the "good natured" member of the John Dillinger gang, and participated in armed holdups with them in a three-month crime spree across the Midwestern United States until his capture in January 1934.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Cretzer–Kyle Gang|Joseph Cretzer and Arnold Kyle]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911–1946<br>([[Joseph Paul Cretzer|Cretzer]])<br>1910–1980<br>(Kyle)
|Largely active in the West Coast, they were one of the few groups to gain national attention outside the Midwest, and also one of the last groups to be captured by the FBI at the end of the decade. Cretzer was killed in a failed attempt to escape [[Alcatraz]], resulting in [[Battle of Alcatraz|the 1946 prison riot]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Francis Crowley|Francis "Two Gun" Crowley]]
|
|1912–1932
|Crowley was an American murderer and career criminal. His crime spree lasted nearly three months, ending in a two-hour shootout with the New York City Police Department in May 1931 viewed by 15,000 bystanders. He was captured and sent to [[Sing Sing]], where he was executed in the electric chair.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[James Cunniffe|James "Killer" Cunniffe]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1896–1926
|Cunniffe was an American bank robber who planned and successfully carried out the 1926 New Jersey mail robbery, one of the most well-publicized thefts during the 1920s.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Ed Davis (criminal)|Ed Davis]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1900–1937
|Davis was an American burglar, bank robber, and Depression-era outlaw. He was especially active in Oklahoma, referred to by authorities as "the Fox", and frequently teamed with [[Jim Clark (criminal)|Jim Clark]] and [[Frank Sawyer (criminal)|Frank Sawyer]] during the early 1930s.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Volney Davis|Volney "Curley" Davis]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1902–1978
|Davis was a longtime Oklahoma bandit, and was the boyfriend of [[Edna Murray]] and an associate of both [[John Dillinger]] and the [[Barker–Karpis gang]] during the 1930s.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[DeAutremont Brothers|DeAutremont brothers]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1905–1959 (Hugh)<br>1900–1983<br>(Roy)<br>1900–1984<br>([[Ray DeAutremont|Ray]])
|Their unsuccessful robbery of [[Southern Pacific Railroad]] express train and the murder of all three crew members, known as the Siskiyou massacre, was subject to one of the largest and most extensive investigations in the region. The brothers were eventually identified with the assistance of Dr. Edward Heinrich, and were captured after a nationwide manhunt that lasted four years.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Lawrence De Vol]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1895–1936
|De Vol was an American criminal, bank robber, prison escapee, and Depression-era outlaw. He was connected to several Midwestern gangs during the 1920s and 1930s, most often with the Barker–Karpis gang and Holden–Keating gang, and was also a former partner of Harvey Bailey's early in his criminal career.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Benny and Stella Dickson]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911–1939<br>(Benny)<br>1922–1995<br>(Stella)
|The Dicksons, husband and wife, turned to crime shortly after their marriage. Shortly after Stella's 16th birthday, they robbed a bank in [[Elkton, South Dakota]], taking more than $2000. Stella earned the nickname "Sure Shot" by shooting out the tires of a police patrol car after a heist in Michigan. Benny was killed by FBI agents in St. Louis. Stella was captured, convicted,  and sentenced to 10 years in prison.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[John Dillinger|John Herbert Dillinger]]
|[[File:John Dillinger mug shot.jpg|50px]]
|1903–1934
|One of the most famous outlaws of the 20th century, he was known to have offered cab fare to his hostages, many of whom liked him in spite of themselves.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Frederick Grant Dunn]]
|[[File:Frederick Grant Dunn headshot.jpg|55px]]
|1905–"1958"
|Dunn was an American criminal, burglar, and bank robber whose career spanned from 1919 until his mysterious death in 1959. He led a small gang during the 1940s and 1950s, ans was referred to by the press as "the modern John Dillinger", and whose activities eventually resulted in his being listed on the FBI's [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives|Ten Most Wanted]] in 1958.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Martin James Durkin]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1900–1981
|Durkin was convicted of shooting the first FBI special agent killed in the line of duty, [[Edwin C. Shanahan]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/12070-special-agent-edwin-c.-shanahan |title=Special Agent Edwin C. Shanahan |year=2008 |work=The Officer Down Memorial Page |publisher=ODMP.org |access-date=November 22, 2009 |archive-date=January 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101053621/http://www.odmp.org/officer/12070-special-agent-edwin-c.-shanahan |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Aussie Elliott]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1914–1934
|An associate of George Birdwell and Pretty Boy Floyd, Elliott was convicted of bank robbery in 1932 and was sent to the [[Oklahoma State Penitentiary]], where he escaped that same year. In 1934, Elliott died in a gun battle with police near [[Sapulpa, Oklahoma]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Elmer Farmer]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1893–1966
|A member of the Barker–Karpis gang, he was later sent to Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Herbert Allen Farmer|Herbert Allen "Deafy" Farmer]]
|[[File:Herbert Allan Farmer.png|75x75px]]
|1890–1948
|Farmer was an American criminal, who with his wife Esther, operated a safe house for underworld fugitives from the mid-1920s to 1933. On June 16, 1933, Herbert and Esther Farmer were involved in the plan that set into motion the [[Kansas City massacre]], "a pivotal event in Depression-era crimes". With five others, they were convicted of conspiracy to free a federal prisoner, [[Frank Nash|Frank "Jelly" Nash]], in January 1935.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Charles Fitzgerald (criminal)|Charles Fitzgerald]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1877–1945
|A member of Barker–Karpis Gang and later sent to Alcatraz, Fitzgerald was one of its oldest inmates.<ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Jake Fleagle]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1890–1930
|Fleagle was a member of the [[Fleagle gang]], who achieved notoriety by being the first case that was solved in which a single fingerprint was part of the evidence that led to a conviction.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Charles Arthur Floyd|Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd]]
|[[File:PrettyBoyFloyd01.jpg|50px]]
|1904–1934
|Floyd was an American bank robber and killer, romanticized by the press and by folk singer [[Woody Guthrie]] in his song "Pretty Boy Floyd". ''Time'' listed his first robbery as $3.50 in pennies from a local post office at the age of 18. He was arrested and convicted of payroll robbery three years later.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/><ref name="King">King, Jeffrey. ''The Life and Death of Pretty Boy Floyd''. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999. {{ISBN|0-87338-650-7}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ralph Fults]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1911–1993
|Fults was a Depression-era outlaw and escape artist associated with [[Raymond Hamilton]], Bonnie Parker, and Clyde Barrow of the Barrow gang.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA2"/>
|-
|[[Richard Galatas]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1890–1974
|A known associate of Frank Nash, he was involved in the scheme to free Nash from the FBI's custody in what became known as the Kansas City massacre; he was later sent to Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA3">{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters3.html |title=Prohibition Era Gangsters & Outlaws – Page 3 |year=2003 |work=20th Century America: Prohibition and Depression Era Gangsters & Outlaws |publisher=LegendsofAmerica.com |access-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125234525/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters3.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Roy Gardner (bank robber)|Roy Gardner]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1884–1940
|Gardner was once America's most infamous prison escapee and the most celebrated outlaw and escaped convict during the Roaring '20s.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Russell Gibson|Russell "Slim Gray" Gibson]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1903–1935
|Gibson was an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw associated with Alvin Karpis and the Barker gang during the late 1920s and '30s.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Helen Gillis|Helen Wawzynak Gillis]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1908–1987
|Gillis was the wife of mobster Baby Face Nelson, and assisted with many of his crimes. Alongside her husband, she was labeled public enemy number one. She was caught by the police soon after evading them while fleeing the scene of her husband's death.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Fred Goetz|Fred "Shotgun" George Ziegler Goetz]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1896–1934
|Goetz, who was also known as "Shotgun" George Ziegler, George B. Seibert, and George Zeigler, was a [[Chicago outfit]] mobster and a suspected participant in the Valentine's Day massacre, in 1929, and Kansas City massacre.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Eddie Green (bank robber)|Eddie Green]]
|[[File:Eddie Green.jpg|55px]]
|1898–1934
|Green was best known as a member of the John Dillinger gang. He was also associated with Frank "Jelly" Nash, [[Volney Davis]], and the Barker–Karpis gang in his early career.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|Floyd Garland Hamilton
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1908–1984
|Brother of Raymond Hamilton, he was the driver for the Barrow gang during the early 1930s. He was the mastermind in the attempted escape from Alcatraz in 1943.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[John Hamilton (gangster)|John "Red" Hamilton]]
|[[File:John Hamilton.jpg|50px]]
|1899–1934?
|Hamilton was a Canadian criminal and bank robber active in the early 20th century, most notably as a criminal associate of John Dillinger's.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Raymond Hamilton]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1913–1935
|Brother of Floyd Hamilton, he was a member of the notorious Barrow gang during the early 1930s. By the time he was 21 years old, he had accumulated a prison sentence of 362 years. He was executed by electric chair in 1935.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Holden-Keating Gang|Thomas J. Holden and Francis L. Keating]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1896–1953<br>(Holden)<br>1899–1978<br>(Keating)
|Led by Thomas James Holden (1896–1953) and Francis Keating (1899–July 25, 1978), the gang was active in the Midwestern United States during the 1920s and 1930s. Holden was described by a spokesman for the FBI as "a menace to every man, woman, and child in America", and was the first fugitive to be officially listed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List in 1950.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Hunt-Gant Gang|Alva-Dewey Hunt and Hugh Gant]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1897–1978 (Hunt)<br>1899–1984 (Gant)
|A Depression-era outlaw group led by Alva-Dewey Hunt and Hugh Gant, the gang was active during the mid-to late 1930s. Although largely unknown on a national scale, their Midwest counterparts receiving the focus of the media, they were the only gang to operate south of the [[Mason–Dixon line]], and robbed countless banks throughout the Southeastern United States<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Elmer H. Inman]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1880–1939
|He was an American criminal, bank robber, jewel thief, and Depression-era outlaw. At one time considered Oklahoma's "Public Enemy No. 1", he was a member of the [[Kimes–Terrill Gang]] and associated with Herman Barker and [[Wilbur Underhill, Jr.]], throughout the early 1930s.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Eleanor Jarman|Eleanor "The Blonde Tigress" Jarman]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1904–????
|Jarman was involved in a robbery with [[George Dale (criminal)|George Dale]] and Leo Minneci, in which Dale shot the shop owner. They were all captured, and Jarman and Minneci were sentenced to jail, but Jarman escaped custody and her whereabouts remained unknown.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Charles E. Johnson (FBI Most Wanted fugitive)|Charles E. Johnson]]
|[[File:FBI-061-CharlesEJohnson.jpg|60px]]
|1907-
|Johnson was a New York burglar who was listed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted during 1953 for his robbery of a bank robber, who implicated him when he was captured.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[W. D. Jones|William Daniel Jones]]
|[[File:WDJones1933.jpg|50px]]
|1915–1974
|Jones ran with Bonnie and Clyde from Christmas Eve 1932 to early September 1933. He was one of two gang members who were consolidated into the "C. W. Moss" character in the 1967 film ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde]]''.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Alvin Karpis|Alvin "Creepy" Karpis]]
|[[File:Alvin Karpis.jpg|50px]]
|1908–1979
|Nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, he was an American criminal known for his alliance with the Barker gang in the 1930s. He was the last "public enemy" to be taken, and served the longest sentence of any prisoner at Alcatraz (26 years).<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)|George "Machine Gun" Kelly]]
|[[File:MachineGunKelly.jpg|50px]]
|1895–1954
|Kelly was an American gangster during the Prohibition era.  His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a [[Thompson submachine gun]]. His most famous crime was the kidnapping of oil tycoon and businessman Charles Urschel in July 1933, for which he and his gang earned $200,000 ransom.<ref name="LOA1"/><ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[John Allen Kendrick]]
|[[File:FBI-092-JohnAllenKendrick.jpg|55px]]
|1897–1960
|He was an American criminal, escape artist, bank robber, and member of the Tri-State gang, whose career spanned four decades. He was listed on the FBI's Top Ten Most Wanted in late 1955, and was apprehended by the FBI that same year.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Kimes–Terrill Gang|Matthew Kimes and Ray Terrill]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1906–1945<br>(Kimes)<br>1900–? <br>(Terrill)
|A bank robbing gang, led by Matthew Kimes and Ray Terrill, it was active in the Midwestern United States during the 1920s. The gang was known not only for their high-profile robberies, but also for their frequent escapes from prison. The members were alleged to have sworn a blood oath to free each other from jail, should they ever be captured, or die in the attempt.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Jean LaBanta]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1879–????
|LaBanta was an American criminal, forger, and train robber. Partly due to his robberies, the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]] company first began arming its guards.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Herman Lamm|Herman K. "Baron" Lamm]]
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:Herman lamm mugshot.jpg|55px]] -->
|1890–1930
|Also known as Baron Lamm, he was a German-American bank robber. He is widely considered one of the most brilliant and efficient bank robbers to have ever lived, and has been described as "the father of modern bank robbery".<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Hyman S. Lehman]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1903–1990
|Lehman was an American gunsmith and armorer. He provided specialized and custom-made weaponry to countless bank robbers and outlaws during the Great Depression. In 1941, Lehman retired from gunsmithing and remained in San Antonio designing custom boots and saddles until his death.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Clarence Lieder]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1906–1969
|He was a mechanic and armorer for Chicago's underworld and Depression-era criminals, as well as the primary competitor to [[Joe Bergl]] in supplying both mobsters and other criminals with customized automobiles throughout Prohibition and during the early 1930s.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Wilhelm Loeser]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1876–1935
|Loeser was an American physician and pharmacist, who provided medical care to underworld figures during the public enemy era of the 1930s. His most famous clients were John Dillinger and [[Homer Van Meter]], who hired him to perform plastic surgery on them.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Henry Loftus and Harry Donaldson]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1915- (Loftus)<br>1910- (Donaldson)
|Two young men who made national headlines for their unsuccessful attempt to rob the Southern Pacific Railroad's ''Apache Limited'' in 1937. The last major train robbery in the United States, the two have been referred to as "the last of America's classic train robbers".<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[James C. Lucas|James C. "Tex" Lucas]]
|[[File:Lucas NARA Photo.jpg|69x69px]]
|1912–1963
|A Texas bank robber and car thief, he was later sent to Alcatraz, where he attempted to escape from the island in 1938.<ref name="LOA3"/>
|-
|[[Charles Makley]]
|[[File:Makley mug.jpg|65x65px]]
|1889–1934
|<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4">{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters4.html |title=Prohibition Era Gangsters & Outlaws – Page 4 |author= |year=2003 |work=20th Century America: Prohibition and Depression Era Gangsters & Outlaws |publisher=LegendsofAmerica.com |access-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-date=February 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219133756/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ben Golden McCollum]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1909–1963
|McCollum was an outlaw in Oklahoma during the 1920s, who was nicknamed the "Shiek of Boynton". McCollum robbed banks in both [[Prague, Oklahoma|Prague]] (where he got away with $3400) and [[Checotah, Oklahoma]] ($4700), in 1929. He was captured on the streets of [[Boynton, Oklahoma]], shortly after the Checotah heist.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Henry Methvin]]
|[[File:HenryMethvinMugshot1931.jpg|60px]]
|1912–1948
|He was an American criminal, bank robber, and Depression-era outlaw. He is best remembered as the final member of the Barrow gang] and whose father, Ivan Methvin, helped arrange their deaths at the hands of a posse headed by Texas lawman [[Frank Hamer]] in 1934.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Vernon C. Miller]]
|[[File:Vernon Miller FBI mugshot.jpg|50px]]
|1896–1933
|Miller was a freelance Prohibition gunman, bootlegger, bank robber, and former sheriff in [[South Dakota]], who as the only identified member of the Kansas City massacre, was found beaten and strangled to death shortly after the incident.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[William Miller (criminal)|William "Billy the Killer" Miller]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1906–1931
|As an American bank robber and Depression-era outlaw, he committed numerous bank heists in Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Oklahoma, and teamed up with George Birdwell and Pretty Boy Floyd during the early 1930s.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Bugs Moran|George Clarence "Bugs" Moran]]
|
|1893–1957
|"Bugs" Moran was a Chicago Prohibition-era gangster. He was incarcerated three times before his 21st birthday. Seven members of his gang were gunned down in a warehouse in the Saint Valentine's Day massacre of February 14, 1929, supposedly on the orders of his rival Al Capone.
|-
|[[Joseph P. Moran]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1905–1934
|Moran was a doctor known for catering to the Depression-era criminal underworld in the early 20th century. He was also a peripheral member of the Barker–Karpis gang, and  this association Karpis later stated had led to Moran's murder by Fred and [[Arthur Barker|Arthur "Doc" Barker]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Frank Mulloy]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1888–1963
|Convicted for his alleged role in the Kansas City massacre, he spent time in Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Edna Murray|Edna "Rabbits" Murray]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1898–1966
|She was a Depression-era outlaw and partner of Volney Davis' during the early 1930s. Although popularly known to the press as the "Kissing Bandit" for her habit of kissing male robbery victims, she was known in the underworld as "Rabbits" for her skill as an escape artist.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Frank Nash|Frank "Jelly" Nash]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1887–1933
|Nash has been called "the most successful bank robber in U.S. history", but he is most noted for his violent death in what has become known as the Kansas City massacre in 1933.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Baby Face Nelson|George "Baby Face" Nelson]]
|[[File:Baby Face Nelson 1931 mug shot.jpg|50px]]
|1908–1934
|Lester Joseph Gillis, known under the pseudonym George Nelson, was a bank robber and murderer in the 1930s. Nelson was responsible for the murder of several people, and has the dubious distinction of having killed more FBI agents in the line of duty than any other person. He was shot by FBI agents and died after a shootout often termed the "Battle of Barrington".<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Phoenix Donald]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1895–1944
|A member of the Barker–Karpis gang, Phoenix later died in Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Harry Pierpont|Harry "Pete" Pierpont]]
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:Harry Pierpont.jpg|50px]] -->
|1902–1934
|Pierpont was a Prohibition-era gangster, and friend and mentor to John Dillinger.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Adam Richetti|Adam "Eddie" Richetti]]
|[[File:Adam Richetti FBI mugshot.jpg|50px]]
|1909–1938
|Richetti was an American criminal and Depression-era bank robber. He was associated with Aussie Elliott and later Pretty Boy Floyd in the early 1930s, and both Floyd and he were later  implicated in the Kansas City massacre. Richetti was executed on October 7, 1938.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA4"/>
|-
|[[Verne Sankey|Verne Sankey and Gordon Alcorn]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1890–1934 (Sankey)<br>1905–1982 (Alcorn)
|Sankey and Gordon Alcorn were Depression-era outlaws whose successful kidnappings of Haskell Bohn and Charles Boettcher II in 1932 made them two of the most wanted criminals in the United States. Sankey was initially a suspect in the [[Lindbergh baby kidnapping]], but was cleared after an investigation by the FBI.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA5">{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters5.html |title=Prohibition Era Gangsters & Outlaws – Page 5 |author= |year=2003 |work=20th Century America: Prohibition and Depression Era Gangsters & Outlaws |publisher=LegendsofAmerica.com |access-date=April 20, 2010 |archive-date=February 19, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219132708/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/20th-gangsters5.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Harry Sawyer (criminal)|Harry Sawyer]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1890–1955
|A member of the Barker–Karpis gang, he was later sent to Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[James Franklin Sawyer]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1899–1979
|Sawyer was a Depression-era bank robber and prison escapee. Although he was responsible for several bank robberies in Kansas and Oklahoma, he was wrongfully imprisoned for a 1932 bank robbery in [[Fort Scott, Kansas]], and spent almost 40 years in prison before he was pardoned by Governor [[Robert Docking]] in 1969.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Walton Spark]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1906–1983
|An accomplice in John Dillinger's escape from an Indiana jail in 1934, Spark was imprisoned and sent to Alcatraz.<ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[William Francis Sutton]]
|[[File:Willie Sutton.jpg|50px]]
|1901–1980
|Sutton was a prolific U.S. bank robber. During his 40-year criminal career, he stole an estimated $2 million, and eventually spent more than half of his adult life in prison. After his release, he spoke about prison reform and consulted with banks on antirobbery techniques.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[Denver Mint Robbery|Nicholas "Chaw Jimmie" Trainor]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1886–1922
|On the afternoon of December 18, 1922, five men hijacked a Federal Reserve Bank delivery truck outside the U.S. Mint in Denver, Colorado. Four escaped unidentified, but 36-year-old Nicholas "Chaw Jimmie" Trainor was killed during the shootout with the U.S Mint Police. The remaining men successfully escaped with $200,000.<ref name="Newton"/>
|-
|[[Wilbur Underhill, Jr.|Wilbur "Mad Dog" Underhill, Jr.]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1901–1934
|Often called "Mad Dog" or the "Tri-State Terror", he was an American criminal, burglar, bank robber, and Depression-era outlaw. He was one of the most wanted bandits in Oklahoma during the 1920s and 1930s and co-led a gang with Harvey Bailey that included many fellow [[Cookson Hills]] outlaws, including [[Jim Clark (criminal)|Jim Clark]], [[Ed Davis (criminal)|Ed Davis]], and [[Robert Brady (criminal)|Robert "Big Bob" Brady]].<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[Homer Van Meter|Homer "Wayne" Van Meter]]
|[[File:Homer Van Meter.jpg|50px]]
|1906–1934
|He was an American criminal and bank robber active in the early 20th century, most notably as a criminal associate of John Dillinger and Baby Face Nelson's.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[Huron Walters|Huron "Terrible Ted" Walters]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1913–1971
|An Arkansas bank robber and one time associate of Floyd Hamilton, Walters was sent to Alcatraz and attempted to escape in 1943. He was killed by a Texas Ranger during a hostage situation in 1971.<ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|[[Otto Wood]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1894–1930
|A Depression-era desperado, he was born in Wilkes County, North Carolina, in 1894.
|-
|[[Whittemore Gang|Richard Whittemore]]
|<small>''No image <br>available''</small>
|1898–1926
|Led by Richard Reese Whittemore, the gang went on a year-long crime spree committing payroll, bank, and jewelry robberies in Maryland and New York before their capture in 1926.<ref name="Newton"/><ref name="LOA5"/>
|-
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dillinger/gallery/index.html Public Enemy #1 Gallery: Depression-Era Desperadoes]
* [http://www.gangstersandoutlaws.com/MobstersAndOutlaws.html Gangsters vs. Outlaws]
* [https://www.c-span.org/video/?182554-1/public-enemies-americas-greatest-crime-wave ''Booknotes'' interview with Bryan Burrough on ''Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-34'', September 19, 2004.]
[[Category:American gangsters of the interwar period|*]]
[[Category:Lists of criminals|Depression-era outlaws]]
[[Category:United States crime-related lists|Out]]