View source for Liu Zhong

{{Expand Chinese|topic=bio|date=June 2012}}
{{infobox Chinese |title=Liu Xi
|s={{linktext|刘|喜}} |t={{linktext|劉|喜}} |p=Liǘ Xǐ |w=Liu Hsi
|altname=Liu Zhong<br><small>([[courtesy name]])</small> |s2={{linktext|刘|仲}} |t2={{linktext|劉|仲}} |p2=Liú Zhòng |w2=Liu Chung
|altname3=Qingwang<br><small>([[posthumous name]])</small> |t3={{linktext|頃|王}} |s3={{linktext|顷|王}} |p3=Qīngwáng |w3=Ch‘ing Wang |l3={{nowrap|The Brief King}}
}}
'''Liu Xi''' (died 193{{nbsp}}BC), better known by his [[courtesy name]] '''Liu Zhong''',<ref>{{harvp|Johnston|2017|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5wwmDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 171]}}.</ref><ref name=hosier/> was an elder brother of [[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Emperor Gaozu]], founder of [[China]]'s [[Han dynasty]]. He served as marquess of [[Hexin]], [[king of Dai|king or prince]] of [[Dai (Han)|Dai]], and marquess of [[Heyang (Han)|Heyang]].
==Life==
Liu Xi was the son of the man known to history as [[Liu Taigong]]. His elder brother, Liu Bo, (<small>[[traditional characters|t]]</small>{{nbsp}}{{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|劉|伯}}}},}} <small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small>{{nbsp}}{{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|刘|伯}}}},}} ''Liú Bó'') died young, leaving Liu Xi the eldest male in the family of [[Liu Bang]],<ref name=hosier>{{harvp|Nienhauser et al.|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x14nnLsLoAEC&pg=PA72 72]}}.</ref> who became the first [[Han dynasty|Han emperor]] of China and was [[posthumous name|posthumously known]] as [[Emperor Gaozu of Han|Emperor Gaozu]] ("High Ancestor").
After Liu Bang's establishment of the Han, Liu Xi was created [[Marquess (China)|Marquess]] of [[Hexin]].
In 201{{nbsp}}BC, [[King Xin of Han|King Xin]] of [[Han (Warring States)|Han]]—who had been removed by the emperor from his native land to rule over the northern border from [[Mayi (town)|Mayi]]—defected to the [[Xiongnu]].<ref name=hosier/> Liu Xi was named [[Prince of Dai|King or Prince]] of [[Dai (Han)|Dai]] in his place.<ref name=hosier/> This territory spread over the three northern [[jun (country subdivision)|commanderies]] of [[Dai Commandery|Dai]], [[Yanmen Commandery|Yanmen]], and [[Yunzhong Commandery|Yunzhong]] and formed the front line between the Han state and the [[Eurasian nomads|nomads]] of the [[Eurasian steppe]]. Liu Xi fled to [[Luoyang]]<ref name=hosier/> by himself<ref name=huskerdo/> before a [[Xiongnu]] attack in the 12th month of the 7th year of Liu Bang's reign<ref name=huskerdo>{{harvp|Nienhauser et al.|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x14nnLsLoAEC&pg=PA75 75]}}.</ref> (200{{nbsp}}BC).{{sfnp|Olberding|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC&pg=PA87 87]}}
Following this display of cowardice, Liu Xi was replaced in Dai and demoted to Marquess of [[Heyang (Han)|Heyang]] (<small>[[traditional characters|t]]</small>{{nbsp}}{{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|合陽}}}},}} <small>[[simplified characters|s]]</small>{{nbsp}}{{nowrap|{{lang|zh|{{linktext|合阳}}}},}} ''Héyáng''),<ref name=huskerdo/><ref name=Zizhi11>{{cite book|url=http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7011|title=Zizhi Tongjian|last=Sima Guang|author-link=Sima Guang|chapter=漢紀|trans-chapter=Han Annals|volume=11|language=zh|access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> a [[Chinese county|county]] southeast of present-day [[Heyang County]].<ref name=huskerdo/>
In 195{{nbsp}}BC, Liu Xi's son [[Liu Pi (prince)|Prince Pi]] was made [[Prince of Wu|Prince or King of Wu]].
Liu Xi died in 193{{nbsp}}BC and was subsequently [[Chinese ancestral veneration|honored]] under the [[posthumous name]] of the "Qing" or "Momentary King".{{sfn|''Book of Han''|loc=[[:s:zh:漢書/卷014 Vol. 14: "Table of Nobles Related to the Imperial Clan"]]}}<ref name=nappytime>{{harvp|Nienhauser et al.|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=x14nnLsLoAEC&pg=PA151 151]}}.</ref>
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last1=Ban |first1=Gu |author1-link=Ban Gu |author2=Ban Biao |author3=Ban Zhao |display-authors=1 |title=[[Book of Han]] |ref={{harvid|''Book of Han''}} }}. {{in lang|zh}}
* {{citation |last=Gu |first=Yanwu |author-mask=[[Gu Yanwu]] |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5wwmDQAAQBAJ |title=Record of Daily Knowledge and Collected Poems and Essays |editor-last=Johnston |editor-first=Ian |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York, NY |year=2017 |series=Translations from the Asian Classics |isbn=9780231542678 |ref={{harvid|Johnston|2017}} }}.
* {{citation |last=Olberding |first=Garret |contribution-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC&pg=PA79 |contribution=The Debate between Wang Hui and Han Anguo: A Case Study of Early Han Military Addresses |pages =[https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC&pg=PA79 79–107] |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eWD4xmLYyXIC |title=Debating War in Chinese History |editor-last=Lorge |editor-first=Peter Allen |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |year=2013 |series=History of Warfare |volume = 83 |isbn=978-9004244795 }}.
* {{citation |last=Sima |first=Qian |author-mask=[[Sima Qian]] |editor-last=Nienhauser |editor-first=William H. Jr. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x14nnLsLoAEC |title=The Grand Scribe's Records, ''Vol. II:'' The Basic Annals of Han China |editor2=Cao Weiguo |editor3=Scott W. Galer |editor4=David W. Pankenier |display-editors=1 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington |year=2002 |author2=Sima Tan |isbn=0253340217 |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Nienhauser et al.|2002}} }}.
{{refend}}
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{{s-hou|[[Han Dynasty|House of Liu]]||||193 BC||name=Prince Qing of Dai}}
{{s-roy|cn}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|last=[[Chen Yu of Dai|Chen Yu]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Dai]]|years=201 BC – 200 BC}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Liu Ruyi]]}}
{{s-reg|cn}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-ttl|title=Marquess of [[Hexin]]|years=202 BC – 201 BC}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-vac|unknown}}
{{s-ttl|title=Marquess of [[Heyang (Han)|Heyang]]|years=200 BC – 193 BC}}
{{s-vac|unknown|unknnext=Liang Xi}}
{{end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liu, Zhong}}
[[Category:193 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Han dynasty imperial princes]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Emperor Gaozu of Han]]