View source for Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
The [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] had the largest stock of steam locomotives of any of the 'Big Four' Grouping, i.e. pre-Nationalisation railway companies in the UK. Despite early troubles arising from factions within the new company, the LMS went on to build some very successful designs; many lasted until the end of steam traction on [[British Railways]] in 1968. For an explanation of numbering and classification, see [[British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification]].
Various locomotives were inherited from pre-grouping companies. Those from the smaller railways, and hence non-standard, were withdrawn quite early, while ex-Midland, LNWR and L&YR types persisted.
The Midland had long had a 'small engine policy', i.e. it preferred small engines hauling frequent, fairly short trains, and employing a second locomotive ([[double-heading]]) where necessary. Unfortunately this practice, while emininently suitable for the route from Sheffield, Derby and Nottingham to London was not at all suited to the route from Euston to Glasgow via Crewe, Preston and Carlisle (the 'West Coast Main Line') and it took several years to convince the senior staff responsible for such matters that this was the case.
The first sign of the change was the [[LMS Royal Scot Class|Royal Scot]] 4-6-0 class of 1927, officially designed by Fowler, but actually designed by the [[North British Locomotive Company]] with approval from [[Henry Fowler (engineer)|Henry Fowler]]. Nevertheless, the majority of designs continued to be very much Midland in character.
This changed when [[William Stanier]] arrived. His large, streamlined 'Princess Coronation' class engines were iconic and flew the flag for the LMS against the competing [[LNER Class A4|Class A4]] of the [[London and North Eastern Railway]].
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== Locomotives acquired from constituent companies ==
See [[LMS locomotive numbering and classification]] for an explanation of the numbers allocated to inherited locomotives and the power classification system used below.
=== Ex-Midland Railway ===
{{main|Locomotives of the Midland Railway}}
The [[Midland Railway|Midland]] shaped the subsequent LMS locomotive policy until 1933.  Its [[locomotives of the Midland Railway|locomotives]] (which it always referred to as engines) followed a corporate small engine policy, with numerous class 2F, 3F and 4F [[0-6-0]]s for goods work, 2P and 4P [[4-4-0]]s for passenger work, and 0-4-4T and 0-6-0T tank engines.  The only exceptions to this were its [[MR 0-10-0 Lickey Banker|0-10-0 banking engine]] for [[Lickey Incline]] on its Bristol-Birmingham line, and the [[S&DJR 7F 2-8-0|7F 2-8-0 goods engines]] built by the Midland at their Derby locomotive works for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway.
===Ex-London and North Western Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the London and North Western Railway}}
The LNWR did not have a significant impact on LMS policy as the Midland, although it did inspire the [[LMS Class 7F 0-8-0|Fowler-built 7F]].
===Ex-Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway}}
===Ex-North Staffordshire Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the North Staffordshire Railway}}
The [[North Staffordshire Railway]] handed over 192 standard gauge engines into the LMS capital stock.
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="clear:both;"
|-
! NSR Number<ref>{{cite book |last1=Christiansen |first1=Rex |last2=Miller |first2=Robert William |title=The North Staffordshire Railway |year=1971 |pages=309–315 |publisher=David & Charles |location=[[Newton Abbot]], [[Devon]] |isbn=0-7153-5121-4 |ref=Christiansen1971 }}</ref>
! LMS Number
! Wheel arrangement
! Class
! LMS Power classification
! Notes
|-
| colspan="6"|'''Passenger tender locomotives'''
|-
| 86–87, 170–171
| 595–598
| align="center" | [[4-4-0]]
| align="center" | [[NSR G class|G]]
| align="center" | 3P
| An Adams design from 1910. Renumbered 5410–5413 in 1928.
|-
| 38
| 599
| align="center" | [[4-4-0]]
| align="center" | KT
| align="center" | 3P
| Adams design built 1912. Renumbered 5414 in 1928.
|-
| colspan="6"|'''Passenger tank locomotives'''
|-
| 9, 11–12, 41–42
| 1431–1435
| align="center" | [[0-4-4T]]
| align="center" | [[NSR M Class|M]]
| align="center" | 3P
| An Adams design of 1907.
|-
| 15, 17, 19, 54
| 1436–1439
| align="center" | [[0-4-4T]]
| align="center" | New M
| align="center" | 3P
| Slightly modified class M (longer bunkers), built 1920 by then locomotive superintendent Hookham
|-
| 1A, 2A, 7, 10A, 17A, 18A, 22A, 23A, 27A, 29A, 48A, 71
| 1440–1451
| align="center" | [[2-4-0T]]
| align="center" | B
| align="center" | 1P
| Longbottom class between 1882 and 1895
|-
| 21,<ref name="rebuildB">rebuilt from class B 2-4-0T in 1901</ref> 24,<ref name="rebuildB"/> 35,<ref name="rebuildA">rebuilt from class A 2-4-0T in 1898</ref> 40,<ref name="rebuildA"/> 52,<ref name="rebuildA"/> 61<ref>rebuilt from class B 2-4-0T in 1900</ref>
| 1454–1459
| align="center" | [[2-4-2T]]
| align="center" | B
| align="center" | 1P
| Rebuilt from Longbottom classes of 1878–1895
|-
| 4–5, 30–31, 53, 70, 173–174
| 2040–2047
| align="center" | [[0-6-4T]]
| align="center" | C
| align="center" | 5F
| Adams class of 1914.  Despite their freight engine power classification the class was considered by the LMS to be a passenger engine class and were painted in a passenger engine colour scheme.<ref>[[#Essery1981|Essery & Jenkinson volume 1]] p. 79.</ref>
|-
| 114–121
| 2048–2055
| align="center" | [[0-6-4T]]
| align="center" | F
| align="center" | 4P
| Adams class of 1916–1919
|-
| 8, 13–14, 39, 45–46, 55
| 2180–2186
| align="center" | [[4-4-2T]]
| align="center" | K
| align="center" | 3P
| Adams class of 1911–1912
|-
| colspan="6"|'''Goods tank locomotives'''
|-
| 3, 16, 20, 32, 33–34, 36–37, 43–44, 47, 49–50, 56–57, 60, 62–63, 73, 124A, 125A, 126–153
| 1550–1598
| align="center" | [[0-6-0T]]
| align="center" | D
| align="center" | 2F
| Longbottom class of 1882–1889
|-
| 23
| 1599
| align="center" | [[0-6-0T]]
| align="center" | 4 Cylinder D
| align="center" | 3F
| Hookham 4-cylinder experimental. 1599 not carried by the engine before it was rebuilt in 1924 as tender locomotive and numbered 2367; renumbered 8689 before being withdrawn.
|-
| 58A, 59A
| 1600–1601
| align="center" | [[0-6-0ST]]
| align="center" | ST
| align="center" | 1F
| Built by [[Hudswell Clarke]] in 1866
|-
| 74–75
| 1602–1603
| align="center" | [[0-6-0T]]
| align="center" | KS
| align="center" | 1F
| Built by [[Kerr Stuart]] in 1919
|-
| 58–59, 76–77, 154–155,
| 2234–2239
| align="center" | [[0-6-2T]]
| align="center" | DX
| align="center" | 2F
| Longbottom class of 1899–1902
|-
| 1–2, 10, 18, 22, 25–29, 48, 51, 64–65, 69, 72, 89, 93–99, 124–125, 156–158, 165–168, 172
| 2240–2273
| align="center" | [[0-6-2T]]
| align="center" | L & New L
| align="center" | 3F
| Adams class of 1903–1923. 2270–2273 (NSR numbers 1, 2, 10 & 48) were constructed by the LMS and were the last locomotives built at Stoke works.
|-
| colspan="6"|'''Goods tender locomotives'''
|-
| 66–68, 70A, 74A, 75A, 104–113, 116A, 118A, 119A, 120A, 121A, 122–123
| 2320–2342
| align="center" | [[0-6-0]]
| align="center" | E
| align="center" | 1F
| Clare class of 1871–1877. Engines remaining in 1928 renumbered 8650–8664
|-
| 78–83, 100–103
| 2343–2350, 2357–2358
| align="center" | [[0-6-0]]
| align="center" | '100'
| align="center" | 2F
| Longbottom class of 1896–1907; In 1928 renumbered 8665–8672, 8679–8680
|-
| 159–164
| 2351–2356
| align="center" | [[0-6-0]]
| align="center" | '159'
| align="center" | 2F
| Longbottom class of 1900; In 1928 renumbered 8673–8678
|-
| 6, 84–85, 88, 90–92, 169
| 2359–2366
| align="center" | [[0-6-0]]
| align="center" | [[NSR H class|H]]
| align="center" | 3F
| Adams class of 1909–1911; In 1928 renumbered 8681–8688
|}
In addition to the above, also added to the capital stock were the three NSR [[0-2-2]] [[railmotor]]s numbered 1–3.  These were not renumbered by the LMS before scrapping in 1927.
There were two other additions to the capital stock, the two locomotives of the {{convert|2|ft|6|in|m|2}} narrow gauge [[Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway]].  These two engines, number 1 ''E.R. Calthrop'' and number 2 ''J.B. Earle'' kept both their names and numbers under the LMS.
Four locomotives were added to the LMS service stock.  Standard gauge [[0-4-0]] battery electric locomotive, built in 1917, and three, {{convert|3|ft|6|in|m|2}} gauge, [[0-4-0ST]] locomotives called ''Frog'', ''Toad'' and ''Bob''<!-- Do not wikilink these names, they have no relation to amphibians! --> that worked the Caldon Low tramway, owned by the NSR.  None of these locomotives were numbered by the LMS.
===Ex-Caledonian Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the Caledonian Railway}}
The class number used for [[Caledonian Railway]] engines was the stock number of the first member of the class to reach traffic. Hence earlier numbered classes could well have appeared later in time.
===Ex-Furness Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the Furness Railway}}
The [[Furness Railway]] was a small company with a correspondingly small locomotive stock. It is known best for the [[4-6-4|Baltic]] [[Tank locomotive|tanks]] (which seemed to be a little more successful than the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] examples of the same arrangement). The Baltics did not survive for long. The only class that survived as far as [[British Rail|nationalisation]] were some moderate sized [[0-6-0]] [[tender engine]]s classified '3F' by the LMS and as [[Furness Railway Class D5 0-6-0|D5]] by Bob Rush. Six were still in traffic as of 31 August 1948.
===Ex-Glasgow and South Western Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the Glasgow and South Western Railway}}
===Ex-Highland Railway===
{{main|Locomotives of the Highland Railway}}
==Hughes (1923–1925)==
[[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]], formerly of the L&YR, became the first [[Chief Mechanical Engineer]] (CME) of the LMS.  However, he retired just two years later in 1925.  His one new design was a class of mixed traffic moguls known as "crabs".
* [[LMS Hughes Crab|Class 5MT "Crab" 2-6-0]]
* [[L&YR Hughes 4-6-4T|Class 5P ''Dreadnought tank'' 4-6-4T]], Designed for L&YR, built by the LMS.
He also built small numbers of slightly modified versions of pre-grouping designs including:
* [[Caledonian Railway 60 Class]]
* [[Caledonian Railway 439 Class]]
* [[LT&SR 79 Class]]
==Fowler (1925–1931)==
[[Henry Fowler (engineer)|Sir Henry Fowler]], deputy CME under Hughes, was formerly CME of the [[Midland Railway]]. He was largely responsible for the adoption of the Midland's small engines as LMS standards. This led to a crisis as these were underpowered. However, some moves towards larger engines were made, particularly through the Royal Scots and Garratts. At the end of Fowler's reign, [[Ernest Lemon]] briefly took over as CME, but was quickly promoted to make room for [[William Stanier]].
* [[LMS Class 2P 4-4-0]]
* [[LMS Fowler Dock Tank|LMS Class 2F "Dock Tank" 0-6-0T]]
* [[LMS Fowler 2-6-2T|LMS Class 3MT 2-6-2T]]
* [[LMS Fowler Class 3F|LMS Class 3F "Jinty" 0-6-0T]]
* [[LMS Compound 4-4-0|LMS Class 4P "Compound" 4-4-0]]
* [[LMS Fowler 2-6-4T|LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T]]
* [[LMS Fowler Class 4F|LMS Class 4F "Derby Four" 0-6-0]]
* [[LMS Class 7F 0-8-0]]
* [[LMS Patriot Class|LMS Class 6P "Patriot" 4-6-0]]
* [[LMS Royal Scot Class|LMS Class 7P "Royal Scot" 4-6-0]]
* [[LMS Garratt|LMS Garratt 2-6-0+0-6-2]]
* [[LMS 6399 Fury|LMS 6399 ''Fury'']]
=== Stock taken in from the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway ===
{{main|Locomotives of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway}}
The [[Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway]] was jointly owned by the LMS and the Southern with the LMS responsible for locomotive affairs. However, its locomotives were kept separate until 1928 when they were taken into LMS stock. These mostly consisted of standard Midland types constructed by the Midland and the LMS. The [[S&DJR 7F 2-8-0]], however, was specific to the line.
* [[S&DJR 7F 2-8-0]]
* [[S&DJR Sentinels]]
* and other Midland types.
==Stanier (1932–1944)==
[[William Stanier]] arrived in 1932 from the [[Great Western Railway]] and, with the backing of [[Josiah Stamp]], reversed the small engine policy.
* [[LMS Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T|LMS Class 2P 0-4-4T]]
* [[LMS Stanier 2-6-2T|LMS Class 3MT 2-6-2T]]
* LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T ([[LMS 2-Cylindered Stanier 2-6-4T|two-]] and [[LMS 3-Cylindered Stanier 2-6-4T|three-]]cylindered)
* [[LMS Stanier Mogul|LMS Class 5MT 2-6-0]]
* [[LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0|LMS Class 5MT "Black Five" 4-6-0]]
* [[LMS Jubilee Class|LMS Class 6P "Jubilee" 4-6-0]]
* [[LMS Princess Coronation Class|LMS Class 8P "Princess Coronation" 4-6-2]]
* [[LMS Princess Royal Class|LMS Class 8P "Princess Royal" 4-6-2]]
* [[LMS Stanier Class 8F|LMS Class 8F 2-8-0]]
* [[LMS Turbomotive]]
* [[LMS Rebuilt Jubilee Class|LMS Class 6P Rebuilt Jubilee]]
* [[LMS Rebuilt Royal Scot Class|LMS Class 7P Rebuilt Royal Scot]]
==Fairburn (1944–1945)==
[[Charles Fairburn]] was somewhat restricted by the rules applied to the railway companies by the war situation (not to mention the fact that Stanier had left things in a state that required little or no new design). He was responsible for the construction of a number of locomotives to Stanier designs (mainly the 8F [[2-8-0]] and 5MT [[4-6-0]]) and some detailed design variations on the latter. He died of a heart attack in October 1945.
* [[LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T|LMS Class 4MT 2-6-4T]]
==Ivatt (1946–1947)==
[[George Ivatt]], son of the former GNR CME [[Henry Ivatt]], became CME in 1946.  He continued building some Stanier types, but introduced some low-powered class 2 engines and a medium-powered class 4 mixed traffic design.  A pair of main line diesels were also produced.
* [[LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0|LMS Class 2MT 2-6-0]]
* [[LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-2T|LMS Class 2MT 2-6-2T]]
* [[LMS Ivatt Class 4|LMS Class 4MT 2-6-0]]
* [[NCC Class WT|NCC Class WT 2-6-4T]], based on the Fowler 2-6-4T design of 1927.
*
* [[LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0|LMS Class 5MT "Black Five" 4-6-0]] (modified version)
* [[LMS Rebuilt Patriot Class|LMS Class 6P "Rebuilt Patriot" 4-6-0]]
* [[LMS Princess Coronation Class|LMS Class 8P "Princess Coronation" 4-6-2]] (modified version)
==Modern Traction==
The LMS experimented with various forms of non-steam locomotives, and pioneered the use of diesel locomotives in [[Great Britain]].
* [[British Rail Class D16/1|LMS diesel locomotives]]
* [[LMS diesel shunters]]
** [[LMS diesel shunter 1831]]
* [[LMS petrol shunters]]
* [[LMS railcars]]
==Post-Nationalisation==
LMS locomotive design did not end in at Nationalisation in 1948, for it had enormous influence over the design of [[British Rail]]ways' 'Standard' steam locomotives by former LMS man [[Robert Riddles]]. Some of the designs were little changed from the comparable designs by Ivatt.
Riddles built several examples of designs from the 'Big Four', including most of the Fairburn/Ivatt tank engines. These were distributed around the system, with many of the 2-6-2T designs going to the Southern Region.
==Withdrawal==
Pre-grouping types were withdrawn early for being non-standard, and locomotives were routinely withdrawn after their lives expired.
Withdrawal of locomotives generally did not take place until the [[British Rail#1955 Modernisation Plan|great locomotive cull]] of [[British Railways]] in the period 1962–1966.  A pair of "Black Fives" were the last steam locomotives to be run on British Railways in 1968, although since then there have been almost weekly charter runs for the enthusiast and tourist markets and the occasional timetabled service (for instance at [[Dawlish]] and [[Stratford-upon-Avon]]).
==Preservation==
A significant number of LMS locomotives have been preserved:
*Three [[LMS Hughes Crab]]s
*Nine [[LMS Class 3F "Jinty" 0-6-0T]]s
*Three [[LMS Class 4F 0-6-0]]s
*Two [[LMS Royal Scot Class]]
*One [[LMS 3-Cylindered Stanier 2-6-4T]]
*One [[LMS Stanier Mogul]]
*Eighteen [[Black Five]]s
*Four [[LMS Jubilee Class]]
*Two [[LMS Princess Royal Class]]
*Three [[LMS Princess Coronation Class]] pacifics
*Twelve [[LMS Stanier Class 8F]]s
*Two [[LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T]]s
*Seven [[LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0]]s
*Four [[LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-2T]]s
*One [[LMS Ivatt Class 4]]
A smaller number of pre-grouping locomotives inherited by the LMS have also been preserved.
==See also==
{{commonscat|London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives}}
* [[List of LMS locomotives as of 31 December 1947]]
== References ==
===Notes===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* {{0-7110-0554-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Essery |first1=Bob |authorlink1=Bob Essery |last2=Jenkinson |first2=David |authorlink2= David Jenkinson |title=An Illustrated History of LMS Locomotives. Volume 1: General Review and Locomotive Liveries |year=1981 |publisher= Oxford Publishing |location=[[Oxford]] |isbn=0-86093-087-4 |ref=Essery1981}}
* {{cite book |last1=Essery |first1=Bob |authorlink1=Bob Essery |last2=Jenkinson |first2=David |authorlink2= David Jenkinson |title=An Illustrated History of LMS Locomotives. Volume 2: Absorbed Pre-Group Classes, Western and Central Divisions |year=1985 |publisher= Oxford Publishing |location=[[Oxford]] |isbn=0-86093-264-8 |ref=Essery1985}}
* {{cite book |last1=Essery |first1=Bob |authorlink1=Bob Essery |last2=Jenkinson |first2=David |authorlink2= David Jenkinson |title=An Illustrated History of LMS Locomotives. Volume 3: Absorbed Pre-Group Classes, Northern Division |year=1986 |publisher= Oxford Publishing |location=[[Oxford]] |isbn=0-86093-383-0 |ref=Essery1986}}
* {{cite book |last1=Essery |first1=Bob |authorlink1=Bob Essery |last2=Jenkinson |first2=David |authorlink2= David Jenkinson |title=An Illustrated History of LMS Locomotives. Volume 4: Absorbed Pre-Group Classes Midland Division |year=1987 |publisher= Silver Link Publishing |location=[[Peterborough]] |isbn=0-947971-16-5 |ref=Essery1987}}
* {{cite book |last1=Essery |first1=Bob |authorlink1=Bob Essery |last2=Jenkinson |first2=David |authorlink2= David Jenkinson |title=An Illustrated History of LMS Locomotives. Volume 5: The Post-Grouping Standard Designs |year=1989 |publisher= Silver Link Publishing |location=[[Peterborough]] |isbn=0-947971-39-4 |ref=Essery1989}}
{{LMS Locomotives}}
[[Category:London, Midland and Scottish Railway locomotives| ]]
[[Category:British railway-related lists]]