View source for Luís of Orléans-Braganza (1878–1920)

{{Distinguish|Luiz of Orléans-Braganza}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza
| image        = Príncipe Luís do Brasil, 1909.jpg
| image_size   =
| caption      =
| spouse       = [[Princess Maria di Grazia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]]
| issue        = [[Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza|Prince Pedro Henrique]]<br />Prince Luís Gastão<br />Princess Pia Maria
| full name    = {{langx|pt|Luís Maria Filipe Pedro de Alcântara Gastão Miguel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança}}
| house        = [[House of Orléans-Braganza|Orléans-Braganza]]
| father       = [[Prince Gaston, Count of Eu]]
| mother       = [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]
| birth_date   = {{birth date|1878|1|26|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Petrópolis]], [[Empire of Brazil]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1920|3|26|1878|1|26|df=yes}}
| death_place  = [[Cannes]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| burial_place = [[Chapelle royale de Dreux|Royal Chapel]], [[Dreux]], France
| signature    = Luís de Orleãs e Bragança (2).jpg
}}
'''Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza''' (26 January 1878 – 26 March 1920), nicknamed '''"the Perfect Prince"''', was the second son of [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] and [[Prince Gaston, Count of Eu]], and patriarch of the Vassouras branch of the [[House of Orléans-Braganza]]. His grandfather, [[Pedro II of Brazil]], was the last [[emperor of Brazil]].
He was exiled along with his family as the result of the 1889 [[coup d'état]] that resulted in the formation of the [[República Velha|republic]]. In 1908, the year he married, his older brother [[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará|Pedro]] renounced his claim to succeed his mother in her claim to the imperial throne, leaving ''[[Don (honorific)|Dom]]'' Luís as her heir. In this role he worked with monarchists in Brazil in several attempts to restore the monarchy.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} At the outbreak of [[World War I]] he enlisted as an officer with the [[British Armed Forces]] and saw action in Flanders where he contracted a virulent form of [[rheumatism]] that caused his death at the age of 42. His efforts on behalf of the [[Allies of World War I]] saw him decorated by Belgium, France and Great Britain.<ref name=santos/>
==Childhood==
Luís was born at [[Petrópolis]] on 26 January 1878, to [[Gaston, Count of Eu|Prince Gaston d'Orléans, Count of Eu]], and [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]. His maternal grandparents were [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], [[Emperor of Brazil]], and [[Teresa of the Two Sicilies|Princess Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies]] while his paternal grandparents were [[Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours]], and [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]. He was named after his paternal grandfather.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=153}} His name in full was Luís Maria Filipe Pedro de Alcântara Gastão Miguel Rafael Gonzaga.{{sfn|Montgomery-Massingberd|1977|p=50}} As the second oldest son of the heiress to the imperial throne of Brazil, he was not expected to one day ascend to the throne.<ref name=Barman>Barman, Roderick J., Princesa Isabel do Brasil: gênero e poder no século XIX, UNESP, 2005</ref>
[[File:Luis Principe Imperial Brasil 1893.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Luís in 1893.]]
From a young age he demonstrated a strong and determined personality.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=212}} While on a trip to Europe with his family, an earthquake occurred on 23 February 1887, and while his older brother Pedro appeared very nervous and cried, Luís simply stood calm and showed no emotions.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=176}} The differences between him and his oldest brother were well-known. His father wrote in a letter dated February 1889 that Pedro was "just as incapable and careless in this [playing pool with Pedro II] as in everything else."{{Sfn|Barman|2002|p=223}} Although Pedro was gentle and likeable, he did not like to study and was often clumsy, while Luís had a strong will, was active and apparently intelligent.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=212}}
Gaston affirmed in another letter, written in March 1890, that "Baby Pedro [was] always notable for laziness and ineptness," while "Luís does the identical course work all by himself with admirable distinction and capacity."{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=212}} The prince very early showed the interest in literature that would result in his authorship of several books about his travels around the world, such as ''Dans les Alps'', ''Tour d´Afrique'', ''Where four empires meet'' and ''Under the Southern Cross''.<ref name=BRH>BR História, nº 4, Year 1, Duetto, 2007</ref>
Luís was always impelled to action thanks to his restless spirit that would take him in his childhood to sports and as an adult to politics. At the height of the campaign for the abolition of [[slavery in Brazil]], he and his brothers published a newspaper in favor of abolitionism in the palace of [[Petrópolis]].<ref>Carvalho, José Murilo de, D. Pedro II, Companhia das Letras, 2007, p. 188</ref> When the coup that replaced the monarchy with the republic occurred on 15 November 1889, Isabel preferred to send her children to Petrópolis, where later Luís would remember that "locked up in the palace, they had left us during two long days in the most complete ignorance of what was happening out there" until they were sent back to their parents and then left for forced exile. As they had not been able to take anything with them, except for a few personal objects that they could carry with their hands, the imperial family saw itself in a poor financial situation that was only made worse by Pedro II's refusal to accept the five thousand contos of Réis offered initially by the new republican government. In December 1889, the government stopped the family's income from Brazil. They had no alternative but to accept help from their few friends and from Gaston's father.<ref name=Barman/>
In 1890, fifteen-year-old Pedro, thirteen-year-old Luís, and their younger brother Antônio (nicknamed "Totó"), moved along with their parents to the outskirts of [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]].{{sfn|Barman|2002|pp=210–212}} After the death of Pedro II in 1891 the monarchists made various efforts to restore the monarchy in Brazil. However, none of the imperial family provided any kind of aid or even words of explicit support.{{sfn|Barman|2002|pp=217–218}} Luís's older brother, Pedro, reached the age of majority in 1893, but he had no capacity or desire to assume the monarchist cause.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=218}} In the same year he left for [[Vienna]], capital of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], to study in the military school at [[Wiener Neustadt]].{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=220}} According to his own mother it was "clear that he must do something and a military career seems to us the only one he should follow".{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=220}} Luís and his brother Antônio followed their older brother at the same military school.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=220}}
==Adulthood==
By 1896, Pedro was in love with Austro-Hungarian noblewoman [[Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz|Elisabeth "Elsi" Dobržensky]].{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}} Meanwhile, Luís was ambitious and active, eager to make his mark on the world.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}} He was a mountaineer, and climbed [[Mont Blanc]] in September 1896.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}} He traveled to southern Africa, central Asia and India, and later wrote and published travelogues of his experiences.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}} Luís was seen by his parents as the only member of the Imperial family capable of helping the monarchist movement in Brazil.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}}
[[File:Isabel conde dEu Luis Maria Pia filhos.jpg|thumb|right|250px|From left to right: Luís; Pedro Henrique, Prince of Grão-Pará; Isabel, ''de jure'' Empress of Brazil; Princess Pia Maria; Princess Maria Pia; Gaston d'Orléans, count of Eu and Prince Luís Gastão]]
After he returned to France in 1907 he planned an ambitious project to defy the decree banishing the imperial family from Brazil by travelling to [[Rio de Janeiro]].{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=224}} His sudden arrival, widely discussed in newspapers, created an uproar in the old imperial capital. It also caused difficulties for Brazilian politicians by placing the imperial family at the center of attention and many Brazilians went to welcome him. However, Luís was prevented from disembarking and was not allowed to set foot on his native land by the republican government. Nonetheless, he sent his mother a telegram saying: "Hindered of disembarking by the Government, I greet the [[Christ the Redeemer (statue)|Redeemer of Slaves]] on the bay of Guanabara in the eve of May 13."<ref name=BRH/> Some time later he wrote about his experiences on this trip in the book ''Under the Southern Cross'' (''Sob o cruzeiro do sul'') published in 1913.<ref name=BRH/>{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=225}}
Luís became engaged to his cousin [[Princess Maria di Grazia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]], a granddaughter of a brother of Luís's maternal grandmother, [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies|Teresa Cristina]]. Meanwhile, his brother Pedro, then the heir to Isabel, desired to marry Elizabeth Dobržensky. His mother disapproved of the marriage because Elizabeth was part of the minor nobility rather than royalty. Isabel agreed to accept the marriage with the condition that Pedro would renounce his position as heir. Pedro had no interest in becoming emperor and so he renounced his rights to the succession on 30 October 1908.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=227}}<ref>Vianna, Hélio. Vultos do Império. São Paulo: Companhia Editoria Nacional, 1968, p.224</ref><ref>Freyre, Gilberto. Ordem e Progresso. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1959, p.517 and 591</ref><ref>Lyra, Heitor. História de Dom Pedro II – 1825–1891. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1940, vol. III, p.300</ref><ref>Enciclopaedia Barsa, vol. IV, article "Braganza", p.210, 1992</ref><ref>Janotti, Maria de Lourdes. Os Subversivos da República. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1986, p.255-7</ref><ref>Malatian, Teresa Maria. A Ação Imperial Patrianovista Brasileira. São Paulo, 1978, p.153-9</ref>
<blockquote>I Prince Pedro de Alcântara Luís Filipe Maria Gastão Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans and Braganza, having maturely reflected, have resolved to renounce the right that, by the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, promulgated on March 25, 1824, accords to me the Crown of that nation. I declare, therefore, that by my free and spontaneous will I hereby renounce, in my own name, as well as for any and all of my descendants, to all and any rights that the aforesaid Constitution confers upon us to the Brazilian Crown and Throne, which shall pass to the lines which follow mine, conforming to the order of succession as established by article 117. Before God I promise, for myself and my descendants, to hold to the present declaration.</blockquote><blockquote>Cannes October 30, 1908 signed: Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza<ref>{{cite book|author=Montjouvent, Philippe de|title= Le comte de Paris et sa Descendance|year= 1998|publisher=Éditions du Chaney|location=Charenton|language=French|isbn=2-913211-00-3|page=97}}</ref></blockquote>
This renunciation was followed by a letter from Isabel to royalists in Brazil:<blockquote>November 9, 1908, [Castle of] Eu</blockquote><blockquote>Most Excellent Gentlemen Members of the Monarchist Directory,</blockquote><blockquote>With all my heart I thank you for the congratulations upon the marriages of my dear children Pedro and Luís. Luís' took place in Cannes on day 4 with the brilliance that is desired for so solemn an act in the life of my successor to the Throne of Brazil. I was very pleased. Pedro's shall take place next on day 14. Before the marriage of Luís he signed his resignation to the crown of Brazil, and here I send it to you, while keeping here an identical copy. I believe that this news must be published as soon as possible (you gentlemen shall do it in the way that you judge to be more satisfactory) in order to prevent the formation of parties that would be a great evil for our country. Pedro will continue to love his homeland, and will give all possible support to his brother. Thank God they are very united. Luís will engage actively in everything with respect to the monarchy and any good for our land. However, without giving up my rights I want that he be up to date on everything so that he may prepare himself for the position which with all my heart I desire that one day he will hold. You may write to him as many times as you may want to so that he shall be informed of everything. My strength is not the same as it once was, but my heart is still the same to love my homeland and all those who are so dedicated to us. I give you all my friendship and confidence,</blockquote>
The marriage of Luís and Maria Pia was celebrated on 4 November at [[Cannes]], and that of Pedro and Elizabeth ten days later at [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]].{{sfn|Montgomery-Massingberd|1977|p=50}} From the union of Luís and Maria Pia three children were born: [[Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza|Pedro Henrique]], who became the direct successor to Princess Isabel and Head of the Imperial House of Brazil after her death in 1921; [[Prince Luís Gastão of Orléans-Braganza|Luís Gastão]], and [[Princess Pia Maria of Orléans-Braganza|Pia Maria]].{{sfn|Montgomery-Massingberd|1977|p=50}} Isabel did not take long to reveal her opinion about her grandchildren and wrote in a letter in 1914: "I am sending enclosed a photograph of myself with my grandchildren by Luís. Pedro Henrique is growing continually and is a very intelligent child. His grandparents have a particular love for their darling little grandchildren."{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=228}}
==Political activity==
With the renunciation of the throne by his brother, Luís could finally collaborate effectively with the Brazilian monarchic movement, assuming clearly his position as heir to the throne (after his mother) and trying to assume the leadership of the restoration campaign.<ref>Lima, Manuel de Oliveira. O Império brasileiro. São Paulo: USP, 1989, pp. 70–71</ref> His efforts to reverse the damage caused by the imperial family's inertia was valued by their supporters, and in 1909 he presented a political manifest to the Brazilian monarchists with the intent to restart the stalled campaign. He had some success as he was able to congregate coreligionists in several states of Brazil.<ref name=BRH/> Some of the letters from the prince reveal his plans to restore the monarchy, such as the one written for Martim Francisco de Andrada III:<ref name="MARTINS, Luís 2008, p.148">MARTINS, Luís. O patriarca e o bacharel. 2.ed. São Paulo: Alameda, 2008, p.148</ref>
[[File:Luis Maria Pia Brazil 1910.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Luís and his wife, Maria Pia. Below, in old Portuguese: "Prince and Princess Imperial of Brazil"]]
<blockquote>"it costs me so much to be here with crossed arms, when I think that a handful of determined men would be enough to pull out our Fatherland from the claws of the adventurers who explore it".</blockquote>
<blockquote>"I still do not know what will be your attitude in the matter of the candidacies. As for me, I judge both the candidates 'undesirable'; but as we have to choose, I would pick Rui "[Barbosa]", whose partisans represent the element more reasonable and with bigger prestige in the country. It seems to me that we could use to advantage of the moment for an agreement with the members of this group in order to obtain a common effort for the restoration just after the presidential elections. What are your thoughts on it?"</blockquote>
The prince was active from 1907 through to his death in 1920, and argued in favor of federalism, obligatory military service and an improvement in the quality of life for laborers. In the first case, he was in favor of a greater degree of decentralization and economical and political freedom for the Brazilian states. In the second, he refuted the old custom of enlistment to the armed forces based on individuals coming only from particular sectors of society in favor of a truly professional military force formed by elements of all parts of society. The third, and more important case, was his proposal for a monarchy supported by social legislation that could make better conditions for Brazilian laborers possible.<ref name=BRH/>
Luís defended ideas that were well ahead of his time and the necessity to guarantee worthy conditions of subsistence for the Brazilian workers would only be observed thirty years later during the dictatorship of [[Getúlio Vargas]]. At the beginning of the twentieth century, neither the government nor Brazilian politicians admitted even the possibility of such basic rights as vacations, right to strike, and weekly maximum hours of work, amongst others. He said that "we monarchists must convince the laborers that the truth is that in the case of a restoration their situation could only improve".<ref name="MARTINS, Luís 2008, p.148"/> The progressive vision of Luís made him a target for accusations of being a "socialist" and a "radical" when, in reality, his intent was to hinder the work force from adhering to socialism, communism, or even anarchism.<ref name=BRH/>
==World War I and final years==
[[File:Funeral de Luís Maria Filipe de Orléans e Bragança (retouched).jpg|thumb|Funeral of Prince Luís in 1920]]
The start of World War I in August 1914 and the invasion of France by Germany made it possible for Luís to once more prove his idealism and activism as, in his own words, he was a "soldier heart and soul".{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=229}} He and his brother Antônio wanted to defend the homeland of their ancestors.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=229}} As it was forbidden by law for them to serve in the French armed forces they both enlisted in the British armed forces as officers.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=229}} Luís joined the army while Antônio served as an air force pilot.<ref name=Barman/>
While fighting in the trenches of [[Flanders]] in 1915 Luís contracted an aggressive type of bone rheumatism that left him very weak and incapable of walking.<ref name=Barman/> The prince was invalided out of active service seriously ill and taken to safety in order to be able to recover from the disease. As a consequence of his actions in the conflict and for his bravery, Luís received several decorations: Military medal of the Yser, from King [[Albert I of Belgium]]; [[Legion of Honour]], in the degree of knight, and the [[Croix de Guerre|Cross of War]] from the French government; the [[British War Medal]], the [[Victory Medal (United Kingdom)|Victory Medal]] and Star from the Great Britain.<ref name=santos>Santos, Armando Alexandre dos, Dom Pedro Henrique: o Condestável das Saudades e da Esperança, Editora Artpress, 2006{{unreliable source|reason=Artpress is a vanity publisher|date=May 2020}}</ref> The serious illness contracted in the trenches proved resistant to all treatments and his health gradually deteriorated until he died on 26 March 1920.{{sfn|Barman|2002|p=232}} As his mother lived until 1921, her successor in pretense to the throne of Brazil was her grandson, Pedro Henrique, Luís's son.{{sfn|Montgomery-Massingberd|1977|p=51}}
{{Blockquote
|text="He died, unexpectedly, in Cannes, D. Luiz de Orléans e Bragança, died in exile where he was purging the crime of being [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] grandson. He had inherited the qualities of his grandfather, his nobility of soul, his heart, his love for letters. He left in the memory of those who knew him the indelible mark that can only print the elected creature of moral elevation; and in the memory of those who read him, the admiration for a talent of choice. He tried, but failed, to set foot on the land of his homeland. The ridiculous republicanism of [[Afonso Pena|Affonso Penna]] blocked his step. He tried, but failed, to penetrate the [[Academia Brasileira de Letras|Academy of Letters]]. These two petty things, however, only succeeded in smashing the government and the Academy. One lost an excellent opportunity to show breadth of vision; the other, the best opportunity to honor its true creator, Pedro II. D. Luiz was kept in exile because he didn't fit here. He didn't fit here in the same way that Princess Isabel, that shrew who signed the [[Golden Law]], nor the Count of Eu, that bad man who ended the [[War of Paraguay]], don't fit here. The Republic is coherent. Made for the use and pleasure of a rapacious mediocracy, it receives with open arms the [[Joseph Caillaux|Caillaux]] and the [[Bolo Pasha|Bolo-Pachá]], but does not allow the great exponents of Honor, of Honor, of Intelligence and Greatness of soul to disembark. Their presence would shame our phrygian cap..."
|author=Revista do Brasil<ref>Revista do Brasil. Publicação Mensal de Sciencia, Letras, Artes, Historia e Actualidades. Rio de Janeiro: O Cruzeiro, 1920, vol. XIV, n.5</ref>
|ref=
}}
==Legacy==
[[File:Tombeau de Louis d'Orléans-Bragance (1878 - 1920) et de Marie-Pie de Bourbon-Siciles (1878 - 1973) 1.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Prince Luís and Princess Maria Pia in the [[Chapelle royale de Dreux|Royal Chapel of Dreux]], France.]]
Prince Luís is largely unknown to Brazilians today. He is remembered for his role as a claimant to the Brazilian throne beginning in 1908, and he was publicly involved in the campaign for restoring the monarchy. He continued to take an active role in monarchist movements until the [[First World War]].<ref name="BR História 2007, pg.35">BR História, edição nº 4, Ano 1. Duetto, 2007, pg.35</ref>
His support for the social welfare of working-class Brazilians, at a time when it was considered a "police case" by the rulers of the [[First Brazilian Republic]], earned him the epithet "perfect prince"<ref name="BR História 2007, pg.35"/> or, in the words of King [[Albert II of Belgium]]: "man as few, Prince like none".<ref name=santos/>
In 1918, the Portuguese-Brazilians Rodolfo Smith de Vasconcelos, and his son, Jaime Smith de Vasconcelos, published the ''[[:pt:Arquivo Nobiliárquico Brasileiro|Brazilian Nobiliarchic Archive]]'', a work that documents the Brazilian nobility. The authors dedicated the work to ''His Imperial Highness the Sire Dom Luiz de Orléans-Braganza''.
The Municipality of [[Pimenta Bueno]], in the State of [[Rondônia]] (Brazil), honored Dom Luís and the entire [[Brazilian imperial family]] in 2010 by renaming one of its streets "''Príncipe Dom Luiz de Órleans e Bragança''".
==Honors==
*{{flagicon|Restoration (Spain)}} Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], ''5 December 1879''<ref>{{Citation |title=Guía Oficial de España |date=1889 |page=152 |chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III |chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000948463&search=&lang=es |place=Madrid |language=es |access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref>
==Children==
By his wife, [[Princess Maria di Grazia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies|Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] (12 August 1878 – 20 June 1973):
* [[Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza]] (13 September 1909 – 5 July 1981)
* Prince Luiz Gastão of Orléans-Braganza (19 February 1911 – 8 September 1931)
* Princess Pia Maria of Orléans-Braganza (4 March 1913 – 24 October 2000) ∞ René, Count de Nicolaÿ, at [[Paris]], on 12 August 1933. Pia Maria and René had three sons.
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza'''
|2= 2. [[Gaston, Count of Eu|Prince Gaston, Count of Eu]]
|3= 3. [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]
|4= 4. [[Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
|6= 6. [[Pedro II of Brazil]]
|7= 7. [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies|Princess Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies]]
|8= 8. [[Louis Philippe I|Louis Philippe I of France]]
|9= 9. [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Princess Maria Amalia Naples and Sicily]]
|10= 10. [[Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya]]
|12= 12. [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal]]
|13= 13. [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria|Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria]]
|14= 14. [[Francis I of the Two Sicilies]]
|15= 15. [[Maria Isabella of Spain|Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain]]
}}
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
==References==
*Barman, Roderick J. ''Princesa Isabel do Brasil: gênero e poder no século XIX''. UNESP, 2005.
*{{cite book|last=Barman|first=Roderick J.|title=Princess Isabel of Brazil: gender and power in the nineteenth century|year=2002|publisher=Scholarly Resources|location=Wilmington, Delaware|isbn=0-8420-2846-3}}
*''BR História''. nº 4, Year 1. Duetto, 2007.
*Carvalho, José Murilo de. ''D. Pedro II''. Companhia das Letras, 2007.
*{{cite book|editor= Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh|editor-link=Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume 1: Europe & Latin America|location=London|publisher=Burke's Peerage|year=1977|ref={{harvid|Montgomery-Massingberd|1977}}|isbn=0-85011-023-8}}
==External links==
* [http://www.senado.gov.br/sf/biblioteca/acervo/LVF100/colecao_07_12.shtm Brazilian Nobiliarchic Archive, dated 1918, dedicated to Prince Luís.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091212015838/http://www.majestatis.com.br/  Biography of Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, son of Prince Luís]
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Orléans-Braganza]]|26 January|1878|26 March|1920|[[House of Orléans]]}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão Para|Prince Pedro de Alcântara]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[Prince Imperial of Brazil]]|years=30 October 1908 – 26 March 1920|reason=Empire abolished in 1889}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza|Prince Pedro Henrique]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Brazilian Imperial Family}}
{{Princes of Orléans-Braganza}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Orleans-Braganza, Prince Luis of}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of French descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent]]
[[Category:Brazilian princes]]
[[Category:Burials at the Chapelle royale de Dreux]]
[[Category:House of Orléans-Braganza|Luis]]
[[Category:Knights of the Legion of Honour]]