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{{Short description|German physician, botanist and conchologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name              = Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer
|honorific_suffix  = [[Doctor of Medicine|Dr. med.]]
|image             = Ludwig Georg Karl Pfeiffer.jpg
|caption           = Louis Pfeiffer in 1856
|birth_date        = {{birth date|1805|7|4|df=y}}
|birth_place       = [[Kassel|Cassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]]
|death_date        = {{death date and age|1877|10|2|1805|7|4|df=y}}
|death_place       = Kassel, [[Hesse-Nassau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| spouse        = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage | Louise Philippine von Nathusius|1811|1841|end=div}}
* {{marriage | Wilhelmine Friederike Wagner|1842|}}}}
|relatives         = {{unbulleted list|[[Johann Jakob Pfeiffer]] (grandfather)|[[Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer]] (father)|[[Carl Jonas Pfeiffer]], [[Franz Georg Pfeiffer (German politician)|Franz Georg Pfeiffer]] (uncles)}}
|fields            = {{Unbulleted list|[[Medicine]]|[[Botany]]|[[Conchology]]}}
|awards            = [[File:PRU Roter Adlerorden BAR.svg|30px]] 4th Class, [[Order of the Red Eagle]]
|alma_mater        = [[University of Marburg]], [[University of Göttingen]]
|doctoral_advisor  = [[Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth]]
|thesis_title      = "De Phlegmatia alba dolente quaedam, adnexa huius morbi historia" {{sfn|Hodvina|2020}}
|thesis_year       = 1825
|author_abbrev_bot = Pfeiff.
|author_abbrev_zoo = L. Pfeiffer
|signature        = L_Pfeiffer_Signature.png
}}
'''Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer''', also known as '''Louis Pfeiffer''' (4 July 1805 – 2 October 1877), was a  German physician, [[botany|botanist]] and [[conchology|conchologist]].
==Early life, Education & Medical Career==
Louis Pfeiffer was born in Cassel, the eldest son of the jurist [[Burkhard Wilhelm Pfeiffer]] and his wife Louise (née Harnier).{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=61}} Pfeiffer received his primary education in the [[Friedrichsgymnasium Kassel|Cassel Lyceum]], where he distinguished himself academically, and by the age of fifteen was already at the top of his class.{{sfn|Coan|Kabat|2023|p=1354}} In 1820, political tensions forced his father to relocate the family to [[Lübeck]], but Louis continued to excel, reaching the top of his class there as well. At the age of sixteen, Pfeiffer entered into university to study medicine, first at the [[University of Göttingen]], and finally at the [[University of Marburg]], where he studied under such prominent scientists as [[Georg Wilhelm Franz Wenderoth]] and [[:de:Ernst Daniel August Bartels|Ernst Daniel August Bartels]], graduating in 1825.{{sfn|Hodvina|2020}} He spent the next year in Paris and Berlin, continuing his education, and returned to Cassel in 1826, where he entered into general practice and obstetrics.<ref>Casselsches Adreß-Buch. Cassel: Döll und Schäffer, 1854.</ref> During his short interlude in Kassel, Pfeiffer was engaged in many artistic pursuits, particularly musical ones, and his [[lyric baritone]] was remarked on often by his brother Carl's friend (and later, his brother-in-law) [[Louis Spohr]]. The Pfeiffer brothers performed often with Spohr and his singing groups, even pairing up to perform in the opera of {{lang|de|Pietro von Abano}} that Carl had adapted and Spohr composed.{{sfn|Spohr|1862|p=165}} At the outbreak of [[November uprising|Polish rebellion of 1831]] he took the position of staff surgeon at the Alexander-Hospital in [[Warsaw]], lending support to the beleaguered Polish partisans.{{sfn|Piderit|1882}} In addition to the war-wounded he treated at the hospital, he also took a special interest in caring for the many thousands who were stricken with cholera as a result of the upheaval cased by the conflict. In September 1831, the Polish rebels were forced to capitulate to the overwhelming Russian military force, but Pfeiffer had developed such a close feeling of kinship and support for the [[Polish people|Poles]] that he refused to stay on and work with the [[Russian Empire|Russians]].{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=62}}
Louis's return to Cassel was overshadowed, however, by the untimely death of his elder brother Carl, who succumbed to the very same [[cholera]] that Louis worked so hard to fight in Poland. As a result of the outbreak of cholera across Prussia, Louis was kept in quarantine before he could enter Cassel, which prolonged his and his family's grief, until he was finally permitted to return home and bury his brother.{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=63}} Upon his return home, Pfeiffer undertook his first publication, a personal recollection of his experience entitled ''Erfahrungen über die Cholera, gesammelt in dem Hospital zu Warschau im Sommer 1831''.{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=63}}
==Family==
Louis Pfeiffer was married twice. His first marriage was to Luise Philippine (née Nathusius, 2 September 1811 – 18 September 1891), daughter of the industrialist [[Johann Gottlob Nathusius]]. They were married on May 19, 1832, and divorced in 1841.{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=63}} This union produced three children, all of whom died young:
*Gottlob Wilhelm Richard Paul (13 April 1834 – 9 March 1835)
*Louise Marie Anna (5 January 1836 – 29 May 1840)
*Johanna Caroline Marie (25 October 1837 – 1 June 1840)
Louis Pfeiffer married his second wife, Wilhelmine Friederike (née Wagner, 10 April 1823 - 26 June 1900), on October 9, 1842.{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=64}} Their marriage lasted until Pfeiffer's death, and produced six children:
*Wilhelm Conrad Hermann (30 September 1843 – 9 May 1883), a merchant in Spain, specializing in the trade of [[hazelnuts]].
*Louis Hermann (6 December 1845 – 20 August 1887), an [[architect]] and [[public works]] supervisor in [[Frankfurt am Main]].
*Richard Albert (30 November 1847 – 6 May 1906), a district [[judge]] in [[Rotenburg an der Fulda]]; married the daughter of [[high court judge]] [[:de:Ludwig Moeli|Ludwig Moeli]].{{sfn|Bennecke|1905|p=144}}
*Adolf Carl Gabriel (4 December 1850 – 1906), a ''[[Hauptmann]]'' in the 27th Nassau [[Field Artillery]] Regiment.
*Wilhelm Franz Carl (13 September 1852 – 19 January 1871)
*Rosalie Marianne Caroline Sophie Mathilde (22 February 1855 – 1925)
==Scientific Career & Later Life==
After his return to Cassel and his marriage, as well as the death of his eldest son, Pfeiffer had grown unhappy with his medical practice, finding the state of medical science at the time insufficient for his intellectual needs, and gave it up to focus on scientific studies and literary works, particularly in the fields of botany and conchology. His first scientific work, published in 1837, was a book cataloging and describing the various cactus species used in German gardens. It was well received, and as a result, he became known as "Kaktus-Pfeiffer".{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=63}} In 1839, Pfeiffer was sent to [[Cuba]] with [[Juan Gundlach|Johannes Gundlach]] and [[:de:Eduard Otto|Eduard Otto]] in order to study the flora, fauna, and natural history of the West Indies, and it was this experience that piqued his interest in [[mollusks]], [[conchology]], and [[malacology]].{{sfn|Wunschmann|1887|p=644}} The group explored other islands in the Caribbean, but the experience had to come to and end, as the extended absence from home, which coincided with the deaths of his two remaining children, caused a rift between Pfeiffer and his wife that led to their divorce almost immediately upon his return to Europe in 1841. After remarrying, Pfeiffer adopted a sedentary and academic lifestyle, focusing his energy on the specimens and data he had collected in Cuba, classifying more than 20 new genera and species of mollusks.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1892|p=750}} He proved to be a prolific publisher, and expanded his interest from conchology to the botany that had been his first love, writing several treatises on the nature flora of Hesse and its surrounding regions, coedited with the esteemed botanist Johann Cassebeer. Since 1836, Pfeiffer had been a member of the Cassel Society for Natural history, and from 1837 a member of the [[German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]] and the [[Botanischer Garten der Universität Regensburg|Regensburg Botanical Society]].{{sfn|Hodvina|2020}} In 1868, Pfeiffer and his colleagues [[Wilhelm Kobelt]] and [[Karl Ludwig Fridolin von Sandberger]] added a further membership with the founding of the German Malacozoological Society.{{sfn|Hodvina|2020}} In 1871, Pfeiffer's already failing health was dealt a blow with the death of his youngest son Wilhelm, only 19 years old, on the battlefield in France, one of innumerable casualties of the [[Franco-Prussian War]].{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=66}} In 1874, the increasingly frail Louis Pfeiffer undertook a two-month journey to [[Catalonia]], where his eldest son Hermann was in business as a merchant, and the trip appears to have been an uneventful one, despite conceding directly with the [[Restoration (Spain)|coup d'état]] that toppled the [[First Spanish Republic]].{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=66}} In 1875, on the 50th anniversary of his doctorate, and the 70th anniversary of his birth, he was surprised by the medical faculty of the University of Marburg, who renewed his doctoral credentials. In addition to the renewal of his medical doctorate, he was also given an [[honorary doctorate]] in philosophy by the philosophy faculty, honoring a life spent in pursuit of knowledge. Pfeiffer was also awarded the Prussian [[Order of the Red Eagle]], 4th class, in gratitude for scientific service to the nation.{{sfn|Hessische Biografie}} Ludwig Carl Georg Pfeiffer died of a lung infection on October 2, 1877.{{sfn|Pfeiffer|1886|p=67}}
===Animals described by Pfeiffer===
{{see also|:Category:Taxa named by Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer}}
He named more than 20 new genera and species, some of which have become synonyms:<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist World Register of Marine Species : species named by Pfeiffer]; accessed : 14 February 2011</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Albinaria praeclara]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853
*''[[Belgrandiella parreyssii]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1841
*''[[Bittiolum varium]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''[[Bourciera]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853
*''Buccinum pusillum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of [[Astyris lunata]] [[Thomas Say|Say]], 1826
*''Cerithium martinianum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of ''[[Rhinoclavis fasciata|Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) fasciata]]'' Bruguière, 1792
*''Cerithium pallidum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of ''[[Bittiolum varium]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''Cerithium varium'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of ''[[Bittiolum varium]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''Cyclotini'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853
*''[[Diplommatinidae]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''[[Gonaxis]] prostratus'' L. Pfeiffer, 1856
*''[[Glugea]] cladocera'' L. Pfeiffer 1895
*''[[Gulella]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1856
*''Helix micans'' L. Pfeiffer, 1845 is a synonym of ''[[Pfeifferia (gastropod)|Pfeifferia]] micans'' [[Maria Emma Gray|Gray]], 1853
*''[[Hydrocena]] bridgesi'' L. Pfeiffer, 1850
*''Hydrocena cattaroensis'' L. Pfeiffer, 1841
*''Hydrocena cerea'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''Hydrocena cornea'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''Hydrocena exserta'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''Hydrocena navigatorum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''Hydrocena obtusa'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''Hydrocena pyramis'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''Hydrocena solidula'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''[[Kaliella barrakporensis]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853
*''[[Leptopoma]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1847
*''[[Limborelia exquisita]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''[[Lissachatina reticulata]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1845
*''Marginella pellucida'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of ''[[Prunum]] pellucidum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''[[Melampus (gastropod)|Melampus]] cristatus'' L. Pfeiffer, 1854
*''Melampus floridanus'' L. Pfeiffer, 1856
*''Murex martinianus'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of'' [[Pterynotus]] alatus'' [[Peter Friedrich Röding|Röding]], 1798
*''[[Natica livida]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''[[Nucula hartvigiana]]'' L. Pfeiffer in Dohrn, 1864
*''[[Omphalotropis]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1851
*''[[Omphalotropis guamensis]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''[[Omphalotropis plicosa]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1852
*''Oreobba Codonodes'' L. Pfeiffer, 1847
*''[[Palaina capillacea]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''[[Palaina macgillivrayi]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''[[Paludinella]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1841
*''Prunum pellucidum'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840
*''[[Sculptaria]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1855
*''Sunetta (Sunettina)'' L. Pfeiffer, 1869 is a synonym of ''[[Sunetta]]'' Link, 1807
*''Terebra maculosa'' L. Pfeiffer, 1840 is a synonym of ''[[Acus maculatus]]'' [[Linnaeus]], 1758
*''[[Theba macandrewiana]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1853
*''[[Truncatella californica]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''Truncatella ceylanica'' L. Pfeiffer, 1857
*''[[Truncatella pulchella]]'' L. Pfeiffer, 1839
*''Venus puella'' L. Pfeiffer, 1846 is a synonym of ''[[Anomalocardia]] puella'' L.Pfeiffer, 1846
{{div col end}}
===Plants described by Pfeiffer===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''Alziniana'' (Pfeiff. 1873) is a synonym for ''[[Alzatea]]'' (Ruiz & Pav. 1794)
*''[[Cephalocereus]]'' (Pfeiff. 1838)
*''Cuscutina'' (Pfeiff. 1846) is a synonym of ''[[Cuscuta]]'' (L. 1753)
*''[[Discocactus]]'' (Pfeiff. 1837)
*''Engelmannia'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym of ''[[Cuscuta]]'' (L. 1753)
*''Epilinella'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym of ''[[Cuscuta]]'' (L. 1753)
*''Gymnocampus'' (Pfeiff. 1874) is a synonym of ''[[Stylidiaceae]]'' (R. Br. 1810)
*''[[Hosta]]'' (Pfeiff. 1874)
*''[[Lepismium]]'' (Pfeiff. 1835)
*''Terminthia'' (Pfeiff. 1876) is a synonym for ''[[Searsia (plant)|Searsia]]'' (F.A. Barkley 1942)
*''Cuscuta hassiaca'' (Pfeiff. 1843) is a synonym for ''Cuscuta suaveolens'' (Ser. 1840)
*''Cuscuta schkuhriana'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym for ''[[Cuscuta europaea]]'' (L. 1753)
*''Engelmannia migrans'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym for ''Cuscuta suaveolens'' (Ser. 1840)
*''Epilinella cuscutoides'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym for ''[[Cuscuta epilinum]]'' (Weihe 1824)
*''Verbascum ruderale'' (Pfeiff. 1845) is a synonym for ''[[Verbascum nigrum]]'' (L. 1753)
{{div col end}}
===Plant life named after Pfeiffer===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Pfeiffera]]'' (Salm-Dyck 1845)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5482-1 |title=''Pfeiffera'' Salm-Dyck |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=11 June 2021 }}</ref>
*''Pfeifferago'' (Kuntze 1891) is a synonym for [[Codia]] (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., 1775)
*''Pfeifferia'' (Buching. 1846)
*''Cactus pfeifferianus'' (Kuntze 1891) is a synonym for [[Coryphantha|Coryphantha cornifera]] (Lem. 1868)
*''Cereus pfeifferi'' (Pfeiff. 1837) is a synonym for [[Pilosocereus|Pilosocereus lanuginosus]] (Byles & G.D.Rowley 1957)
*''Echinocactus pfeifferi'' (Seitz 1837) is a synonym for [[Ferocactus glaucescens]]  (Britton & Rose 1922)
*''Echinofossulocactus pfeifferii'' (Lawr. 1841) is a synonym for [[Ferocactus glaucescens]]
*''Mammillaria pfeifferi'' (Schiedw. 1839) is a synonym for [[Mammillaria rhodantha]] (Link & Otto, 1829)
*''Mammillaria pfeifferiana'' (de Vriese 1839) is a synonym for [[Coryphantha|Coryphantha cornifera]] (Lem. 1868)
{{div col end}}
===Marine life named after Pfeiffer===
[[File:Nassarius pfeifferi 001.jpg|thumb|''[[Nassarius pfeifferi]]'', a nassa mud snail named in honor of Pfeiffer]]
In the course of time, 24 marine species have been named after Pfeiffer with the epithets ''pfeifferi'', ''pfeifferae'', ''pfeifferianus'' and ''pfeifferianum'', many of which have become synonyms:<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist World Register of Marine Species : species named after Pfeiffer]; accessed : 14 February 2011</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''Asperiscala pfeifferi'' (de Boury, 1913) is a synonym of ''[[Epitonium]] candeanum'' (d'Orbigny, 1842)
*''Astarte pfeifferi'' (Philippi, 1849) is a synonym of ''[[Crassinella]] lunulata'' (Conrad, 1834)
*''Azorica pfeifferae'' (Carter, 1876) is a synonym of ''Leiodermatium pfeifferae'' (Carter, 1876)
* ''Cerithium'' (''Proclava'') ''pfeifferi'' (Dunker, 1882) is a synonym of ''[[Rhinoclavis sordidula|Rhinoclavis (Proclava) sordidula]]'' (Gould, 1849)
* ''Clava pfeifferi'' (Dunker, 1882) is a synonym of ''[[Rhinoclavis sordidula|Rhinoclavis (Proclava) sordidula]]'' (Gould, 1849)
* ''Clava turritum var. pfeifferi'' (Dunker, 1882) is a synonym of ''[[Rhinoclavis sordidula|Rhinoclavis (Proclava) sordidula]]'' (Gould, 1849)
* ''[[Cymatium pfeifferianum]]'' (Reeve, 1844)
* ''Engraulis pfeifferi'' Bleeker, 1852 is a synonym of ''[[Setipinna]] breviceps'' (Cantor, 1849)
* ''Eutritonium pfeifferianum'' Reeve is a synonym of ''[[Cymatium pfeifferianum]]'' (Reeve, 1844)
*''Fusus pfeifferi'' Philippi, 1846 is a synonym of ''[[Pseudolatirus pfeifferi]]'' (Philippi, 1846)
*''[[Gibberula pfeifferi]]'' Faber, 2004
* ''Laimodonta pfeifferi'' Dunker in Pfeiffer, 1860 is a synonym of'' [[Allochroa layardi]]'' (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855)
* ''Leiodermatium pfeifferae'' (Carter, 1876)
* ''[[Nassarius pfeifferi]]'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''Polynemus pfeifferi'' Bleeker, 1853 is a synonym of ''[[Filimanus]] xanthonema'' (Valenciennes, 1831)
*''[[Pseudolatirus pfeifferi]]'' (Philippi, 1846)
*'' [[Reticutriton pfeifferianus]]'' (Reeve, 1844)
*''Sargassum obovatum'' var. ''pfeifferae'' (Grunow) Grunow, 1915
*''Sargassum pfeifferae'' Grunow, 1874 is a synonym of ''Sargassum obovatum'' var. ''pfeifferae'' (Grunow) Grunow, 1915
*''Sodaliscala pfeifferi'' de Boury, 1913 is a synonym of ''Epitonium candeanum'' (d'Orbigny, 1842)
*''[[Solen (bivalve)|Solen]] pfeifferi'' Dunker, 1862
*''Tichogonia pfeifferi'' Dunker, 1853 is a synonym of ''[[Mytilopsis sallei]]'' (Récluz, 1849)
*''Triton pfeifferianus'' Reeve, 1844 is a synonym of ''[[Reticutriton pfeifferianus]]'' (Reeve, 1844)
*''Vertagus pfeifferi'' Dunker, 1882 is a synonym of [[Rhinoclavis sordidula|''Rhinoclavis'' (''Proclava'') ''sordidula'']] (Gould, 1849)
{{div col end}}
==Bibliography==
Partial list of publications:
*1837 - {{cite book|title=Enumeratio diagnostica cactearum hucusque cognitarum |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51983#page/1/mode/1up |location=Berlin |publisher=L. Öhmigke}}
*1841-1846 - {{cite book|title=Symbolae ad historiam Heliceorum |url=https://archive.org/details/symbolaeadhistor00pfei |location=Cassel |publisher=T. Fischeri}}
*1843 - {{cite book|title=Abbildung und Beschreibung blühender Cacteen |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107302#page/1/mode/1up |location=Cassel |publisher=T. Fischeri}}
*1846 - ''Die Gattungen [[Daudebardia]], [[Simpulopsis]], [[Vitrina]] und [[Succinea]]'' (Bauer et Raspe, Nuremberg, 1846). In: [[Heinrich Carl Küster|Küster H. C.]] et al. (eds.). Systematisches Conchylien Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, J. H. Casselis, [https://archive.org/details/systematischesco111mart 1(part. 11)]: 1-59, pls. 1–6.
*1846 - ''Die gedeckelten Lungenschnecken (helicinacea et cyclostomacea) in Abbildungen nach der Natur''. (deux volumes, Bauer et Raspe, Nuremberg, 1846).
** volume 1
** 1846 [https://archive.org/details/diegedeckeltenlu12pfei volume 2].
*''Die Schnirkelschnecken (Gattung Helix) in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen (deux parties en un volume, Bauer et Raspe, Nuremberg, 1846) — ces trois derniers volumes font partis de Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet de Friedrich Wilhelm Martini (1729–1778) et de Johann Hieronymus Chemnitz (1730-1800)''.
*1847 - [https://archive.org/details/floravonniederhe00pfei ''Flora von Niederhessen und Münden. Beschreibung aller im Gebiete wildwachsenden und im grossen angebauten Pflanzen'']. (T. Fischer, Cassel, 1847).
* 1848–1877 - ''Monographia heliceorum viventium, sistens descriptiones''... omnium huius familiae generum et specierum... (huit volumes, F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1848 à 1877).
*1854–1879 - ''Novitates conchologicae. Series I-V. Mollusca extramarina'' (cinq volumes, T. Fischer, Cassel, de 1854 à 1879).
**1854–1860. [https://archive.org/details/novitatesconchol11pfei volume I.]
**1861–1866. volume II.
**1867–1869. [https://archive.org/details/novitatesconchol13pfei volume III.]
**1870–1876. [https://archive.org/details/novitatesconchol14pfei volume IV.]
**1877–1879. [https://archive.org/details/novitatesconchol15pfei volume V.]
*1852 - [https://archive.org/details/conspectuscyclos00pfei ''Conspectus Cyclostomaceorum emendatus et auctus. Pneumonopomorum monographiae prodromus''].
*1855 - ''Catalogue of phanero-pneumona or terrestrial operculated mollusca in the collection of the British Museum'' (Woodfall et Kinder, Londres, 1855).
*1855 - [https://archive.org/details/catalogueofpulmo01brituoft ''Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca, in the collection of the British Museum. part I.'']
*1856 - [https://archive.org/details/monographiaauric00pfei ''Monographia auriculaceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas et criticas omnium hujus familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum, nec non fossilium enumeratione. Accedente proserpinaceorum necnon generis Truncatellae historia.''] (T. Fischer, Cassel, 1856).
* 1857 - ''Catalogue of [[Auriculidae]]. [[Proserpinidae]] and [[Truncatellidae]] in the collection of the British Museum'' (Taylor et Francis, 1857). [https://archive.org/details/catalogueofauric00brituoft Link]
*1858, 1865, 1876 - ''Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium''.
**1852. [https://archive.org/details/monographiapneum00pfei Monographia pneumonopomorum viventium ... accedente fossilium enumeratione (1852)] ([https://archive.org/details/monographiapneu00pfeigoog copy 2])
**1858. [https://archive.org/details/monographiapneum01pfei supplement 1.]
**1865. [https://archive.org/details/monographiapneum02pfei supplement 2.]
**1876. [https://archive.org/details/monographiapneum03pfei supplement 3.]
*1862 - ''Die Gattung [[Cylindrella (disambiguation)|Cylindrella]] Pfr. in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen''. [https://archive.org/details/diegattungcylind00pfei Link]
* 1869 - ''Die Familie der Venusmuscheln, Veneracea, nebst einen Anhange enthaltend die Chemnitz'schen Lucinen, Galaten und Corbis'' (Bauer et Raspe, Nuremberg, 1869) — édité dans la série Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz.
*Synonymia botanica locupletissima generum, sectionum vel subgenerum ad finem anni 1858 promulgatorum (deux volumes, T. Fischer, Cassel, 1870–1874).
*1873–1874 - ''Nomenclator botanicus. Nominum ad finem anni 1858 publici juris factorum, classes, ordines, tribus, familias, divisiones, genera, subgenera vel sectiones designantium enumeratio alphabetica. Adjectis auctoribus, temporibus, locis systematicis apud varios, notis literariis atque etymologicis et synonymis'' (deux tomes en quatre volumes, T. Fischer, Cassel, 1873–1874).
**1873 [https://archive.org/details/nomenclatorbotan11pfei volume 1]
*1881 - ''Nomenclator heliceorum viventium quo continentur nomina omnium hujus familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum disposita ex affinitate naturali'' (édition posthume, T. Fischer, Cassel, 1881).
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
*{{cite book|editor-last=Bennecke|editor-first=Wilhelm|title=Hessenland: Zeitschrift für die Kulturpflege des Bezirksverbandes Hessen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfwsAAAAYAAJ|location=Kassel|year=1905|publisher=Druck von Fredr. Scheel}}
*{{cite book|last1=Coan|first1=Eugeune V.|last2=Kabat|first2=Alan R.|date=2023 |title=2,400 Years of Malacology|url=https://ams.wildapricot.org/resources/Documents/2400%20Years%20of%20Malacology/AMS2400YearsofMalacology.pdf |location=|publisher=American Malacological Society |pages=1354–1356|isbn=}}
*{{cite book |last1=Frahm |first1=J.P. |last2=Eggers|first2=J.|date=2001 |title=Lexikon deutschsprachiger Bryologen|location=Bonn |publisher=Selbstverlag |pages=324–375|isbn=3831109869}}
*{{cite book |last=Grummann|first=Vitus |editor-last=Klement|editor-first=Oskar|date=1974 |title=Biographisch-bibliographisches Handbuch der Lichenologie|location=Lehre |publisher=J. Cramer |page=120 |isbn=9783768209076}}
*{{cite book |last=Hesse |first=R. |editor-last=Schnack |editor-first=Ingeborg|date=1958|title=Lebensbilder aus Kurhessen und Waldeck 1830‒1930|volume=6|location=Marburg |publisher=Elwert |pages=249–253 |isbn=}}
*{{cite web |url=https://botanik-hessen.de/Pflanzenwelt/bio/Pfeiffer1/Pfeiffer1.html |title=Carl Georg Ludwig (Louis) Pfeiffer |last=Hodvina |first=Sylvain |date=2020|website=Botanische Vereinigung für Naturschutz in Hessen}}
*{{cite book|last=Pfeiffer|first=August Ludwig|date=1886|title=Die Familie Pfeiffer: Eine Sammlung von Lebensbildern und Stammbäumen|url=https://orka.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/viewer/!metadata/1568028714368/155/-/|location=Kassel|publisher=Druck von Friedr. Scheel|page=61}}
*{{citation|title=Hessische Biografie|chapter=Pfeiffer, Karl Georg Louis|url=https://www.lagis-hessen.de/pnd/10053595X|ref={{harvid|Hessische Biografie}}}}
*{{cite book |last=Piderit |first=Franz Carl Theodor|date=1882 |title=Geschichte der Haupt- und Residenzstadt Cassel |url= |location=Cassel|publisher=Klaunig |page= |isbn=}}
*{{cite book|last=Spohr|first=Louis|year=1862|title=Selbstbiographie|location=Kassel|publisher=Georg H. Wigand|page=165}}
*{{cite book |last=Stafleu |first=Frans |author-link=Frans Stafleu |date=1983 |title=Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types|location=Utrecht/Antwerpen |publisher=Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema |pages=221–225 |isbn=90-313-0224-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Wagenitz|first=G.|author-link= |date=1988|title=Göttinger Biologen 1737‒1945. Eine biographisch-bibliographische Liste|location=Göttingen |publisher=Vadenhoeck & Ruprecht |page=138 |isbn=978-3525358764}}
*{{cite book |last=Wunschmann |first=Ernst |chapter=Pfeiffer,Ludwig|chapter-url=https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Pfeiffer,_Ludwig|date=1887 |title=[[Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie]] (ADB)|location=Leipzig |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |pages=643–646|language=de|volume=25}}
*{{Appletons|wstitle=Pfeiffer, Ludwig Georg|year=1892}} <!-- Wilson|Fiske|1892 -->
==External links==
*[[Amédée Dechambre]] (1887). Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. G. Masson (Paris).
* {{BHL author}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer}}
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ Zoologica] [[Göttingen State and University Library]]
{{Pfeiffer Family}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pfeiffer, Ludwig Karl Georg}}
[[Category:Conchologists]]
[[Category:1805 births]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German botanists]]
[[Category:People from the Electorate of Hesse]]
[[Category:German pathologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kassel]]