View source for Luna E-8-5M No. 412

{{Short description|Soviet space probe (Luna 1975A)}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name              = E-8-5M No.412
| names_list        = Luna 1975A
| image             = Луна-24 3 (24432633921) cropped.jpg
| image_caption     = A Ye-8-5M model
| image_size        = 300px
| mission_type      = [[Luna programme|Lunar sample-return]]
| operator          = Soviet space program
| COSPAR_ID         =
| SATCAT            =
| mission_duration  = Launch failure
| spacecraft_type   = [[Luna programme|Luna]]
| spacecraft_bus    = [[Luna programme|Ye-8-5]]
| manufacturer      = [[Lavochkin|NPO Lavochkin]]
| launch_mass       = {{cvt|5750|kg}}
| dimensions        =
| power             =
| launch_date       = 16 October 1975, 04:04:56 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket     = [[Proton-K]]/[[Blok D|D-1]] s/n 287-02
| launch_site       = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|81/23]]
| launch_contractor = [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center|Khrunichev]]
| orbit_reference   = [[Lunar orbit|Selenocentric]] (planned)
| orbit_regime      =
| orbit_periapsis   =
| orbit_apoapsis    =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period      =
| apsis             = selene
| interplanetary =
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
| type              = lander
| object            = [[Moon|Lunar]]
| arrival_date      =
| departure_date    =
| location          = [[Mare Crisium]] (planned)
| sample_mass       =
}}
| instruments       = Stereo photographic imaging system<br/>Improved drill/Remote arm for sample collection<br/>Radiation detector<br/>Radio-altimeter
| programme         = '''[[Luna programme]]'''
| previous_mission  = [[Luna 23]]
| next_mission      = [[Luna 24]]
}}
'''Luna E-8-5M No.412''', also known as '''Luna Ye-8-5M No.412''', and sometimes identified by NASA as '''Luna 1975A''',<ref name=tent/> was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1975. It was a {{cvt|5300|kg}} Luna E-8-5M spacecraft, the second of three to be launched.<ref name=EA-E8/><ref name=GSP/> It was intended to perform a [[soft landing (rocketry)|soft landing]] on the [[Moon]], collect a sample of [[lunar soil]], and [[Sample return mission|return it to the Earth]].<ref name=EA-E85M/>
Luna E-8-5M No.412 was launched at 04:04:56 UTC on 16 October 1975 atop a [[Proton-K]] 8K78K [[launch vehicle]] with a [[Blok D-1]] upper stage, flying from [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81|Site 81/23]] at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]].<ref name=LL/> The Blok D stage experienced a failure of the LOX turbopump and so the probe did not reach orbit.<ref name=EA-Proton/> Prior to the release of information about its mission, NASA correctly identified that it had been an attempted sample return mission. They believed that it was intended to land in [[Mare Crisium]], which was the target for both the [[Luna 23]] and [[Luna 24]] missions; which landed a few hundred metres apart.<ref name=tent/> Since its launch was unsuccessful, it was not acknowledged in the Soviet [[Journalism|press]] at the time.
== References ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="tent">
{{ cite web
| url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/tent_launch.html
| title= Tentatively Identified Missions and Launch Failures
| publisher= [[NASA]]
| author1= David R. Williams
| date= 6 January 2005
| access-date= 30 July 2010 }} {{PD-notice}}
</ref>
<ref name="EA-E8">
{{ cite web
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/l/lunaye-8-5.html
| title= Luna Ye-8-5
| author1= Mark Wade
| website= www.astronautix.com
| publisher= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 27 July 2010 }}
</ref>
<ref name="EA-E85M">
{{ cite web
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/l/lunaye-8-5.html
| title= Luna Ye-8-5M
| author1= Mark Wade
| website= www.astronautix.com
| publisher= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date=27 July 2010 }}
</ref>
<ref name="EA-Proton">
{{ cite web
| url= http://www.astronautix.com/p/proton.html
| title= Proton
| author1= Mark Wade
| website= www.astronautix.com
| publisher= Encyclopedia Astronautica
| access-date= 27 July 2010 }}
</ref>
<ref name="GSP">
{{ cite web
| url= http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/luna_e8-5m.htm
| title= Luna E-8-5M
| author1= Gunter Krebs
| website= space.skyrocket.de
| publisher= Gunter's Space Page
| access-date= 27 July 2010 }}
</ref>
<ref name="LL">
{{ cite web
| url= http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt
| title= Launch Log
| author1= Jonathan McDowell
| publisher=Jonathan's Space Page
| access-date= 19 February 2021 }}
</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_lunar.html RussianSpaceWeb.com]
{{Luna programme}}
{{Orbital launches in 1975}}
[[Category:1975 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1975 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Luna programme]]
[[Category:Sample return missions]]
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1975]]
{{USSR-spacecraft-stub}}