View source for MAYA-II

'''MAYA-II''' ([[molecular array|Molecular Array]] of [[YES (logic gate)|YES]] and [[NAND gate|ANDNOT]] [[logic gate]]s<ref>[https://digamma.cs.unm.edu/wiki/bin/view/McogPublicWeb/MolecularAutomata Molecular Automata] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901164511/https://digamma.cs.unm.edu/wiki/bin/view/McogPublicWeb/MolecularAutomata |date=2006-09-01 }}</ref>) is a [[DNA computer]], based on [[DNA nanotechnology#Stem Loop Controllers|DNA Stem Loop Controllers]], developed by scientists at [[Columbia University]] and the [[University of New Mexico]] and created in 2006.<ref>
{{cite journal |author2=Yang Li |author3=Marko Sutovic |author4=Harvey Lederman |author5=Kiran Pendri |author6=Wanhong Lu |author7=Benjamin L. Andrews |author8=Darko Stefanovic |author9=Milan N. Stojanovic |date=October 2006 | title = Medium Scale Integration of Molecular Logic Gates in an Automaton | journal = [[Nano Letters|Nano Lett.]] | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = 2598–2603 | issn = 1530-6984 | doi = 10.1021/nl0620684 |pmid = 17090098 |last1 = MacDonald |first1 = J |bibcode=2006NanoL...6.2598M }}</ref>
Replacing the normally [[silicon]]-based circuits, this [[Integrated circuit|chip]] has [[DNA strand]]s to form the circuit. It is said that the speed of such [[DNA]]-circuited computer chips will rival and surpass the silicon-based ones,<ref>{{cite web |title=Computer versus bacteria | work=NextNature.net | url=http://www.nextnature.net/2009/10/computer-versus-bacteria/ |date=October 29, 2009 | accessdate=2010-01-10}}</ref> they will be of use in blood samples and in the body and might partake in single [[cell signaling]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}
It is the successor to the [[MAYA I]] which was composed of only 23 logic gates and could only complete specific games of [[tic-tac-toe]].  MAYA-II has more than 100 DNA circuits and can now thoroughly play a game of [[tic-tac-toe]].  It is very slow - one move in a game of tic-tac-toe can take up to 30 minutes making it more of a demonstration than an actual application.<ref>[https://www.engadget.com/2006/10/16/meet-maya-ii-the-new-dna-computer-that-can-play-tic-tac-toe/ Meet MAYA-II, the new DNA computer that can play Tic-Tac-Toe - Engadget<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
The arrangement of this device looks like that of a tic-tac-toe grid and consists of nine wells coated with [[culture cell]]s. The logic gates are made of the E6 [[Deoxyribozyme]]s (or DNAzyme) which react to specific [[oligonucleotide]] input. Upon reaction, the DNAzyme cleaves the substrate producing an increase in red or green [[fluorescent dye|fluorescence]], depending on whether it is the computer's or the human's turn respectively.
This technology was used to deepen the quality of diagnostics given to patients infected with the [[West Nile virus]]. [[Joanne Macdonald]], a Columbia University virologist, hopes this device can be implanted in the human body and control the presence of cancer cells or the levels of insulin for diabetic patients.<ref>http://acswebapplications.acs.org/applications/ccs/application/index.cfm?PressReleaseID=2724&categoryid=2{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
One of the suggested uses put forward by MAYA's creators is that technology such as this can be used in situations where fluid is involved, such as in a sample of blood or a body, since it does not use traditional silicon components.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digamma.cs.unm.edu/wiki/bin/view/McogPublicWeb/MolecularAutomataMAYAII |title=MolecularAutomataMAYAII < McogPublicWeb < TWiki |accessdate=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618001044/https://digamma.cs.unm.edu/wiki/bin/view/McogPublicWeb/MolecularAutomataMAYAII |archivedate=2010-06-18 }} MAYA-II</ref>
==References==
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[[Category:Natural computation]]