View source for MFGE8

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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox gene}}
'''Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein''' ('''Mfge8'''), also known as '''lactadherin''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MFGE8'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MFGE8 milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4240}}</ref><ref name="pmid9027496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collins C, Nehlin JO, Stubbs JD, Kowbel D, Kuo WL, Parry G | title = Mapping of a newly discovered human gene homologous to the apoptosis associated-murine mammary protein, MFG-E8, to chromosome 15q25 | journal = Genomics | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 117–8 |date=January 1997 | pmid = 9027496 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.4425 }}</ref>
== Species distribution ==
Mfge8 is a secreted protein found in vertebrates, including mammals as well as birds.
== Function ==
MFGE8 may function as a cell adhesion protein to connect smooth muscle to elastic fibers in arteries.<ref name="pmid16911961">{{cite journal |vauthors=Larsson A, Peng S, Persson H, Rosenbloom J, Abrams WR, Wassberg E, Thelin S, Sletten K, Gerwins P, Westermark P | title = Lactadherin binds to elastin--a starting point for medin amyloid formation? | journal = Amyloid | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 78–85 |date=June 2006 | pmid = 16911961 | doi = 10.1080/13506120600722530 | s2cid = 22755686 }}</ref> An [[amyloid]] fragment of MFGE8 known as medin accumulates in the aorta with [[aging]].<ref name="pmid16011985">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peng S, Glennert J, Westermark P | title = Medin-amyloid: a recently characterized age-associated arterial amyloid form affects mainly arteries in the upper part of the body | journal = Amyloid | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | pages = 96–102 |date=June 2005 | pmid = 16011985 | doi = 10.1080/13506120500107006 | s2cid = 23351552 }}</ref> MFGE8 in the vasculature of adults can induce recovery from [[ischemia]] by facilitating [[angiogenesis]].<ref name="pmid15834428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silvestre JS, Théry C, Hamard G, Boddaert J, Aguilar B, Delcayre A, Houbron C, Tamarat R, Blanc-Brude O, Heeneman S, Clergue M, Duriez M, Merval R, Lévy B, Tedgui A, Amigorena S, Mallat Z | title = Lactadherin promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization | journal = Nat. Med. | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 499–506 |date=May 2005 | pmid = 15834428 | doi = 10.1038/nm1233 | s2cid = 9154352 }}</ref> It has been suggested that antagonizing MFGE8-induced angiogenesis could be a way of fighting cancer.<ref name="pmid19204935">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raymond A, Ensslin MA, Shur BD | title = SED1/MFG-E8: a bi-motif protein that orchestrates diverse cellular interactions | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 106 | issue = 6 | pages = 957–66 |date=April 2009 | pmid = 19204935 | pmc = 2742659 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.22076 }}</ref>
MFGE8 contains a [[phosphatidylserine]] (PS) binding domain, as well as an [[arginine]]-[[glycine]]-[[aspartic acid]] motif, which enables the binding to [[integrins]]. MFGE8 binds PS, which is exposed on the surface of [[apoptotic]] cells.<ref name="pmid24315719">{{cite journal | vauthors=Aguzzi A, Kranich J, Krautler NJ | title=Follicular dendritic cells: origin, phenotype, and function in health and disease | journal=[[Trends (journals)|Trends in Immunology]] | volume=35 | issue=3 | pages=105–113 | year=2014  | doi = 10.1016/j.it.2013.11.001 | pmid=24315719 }}</ref> [[Opsonization]] of the apoptotic cells and binding to integrins on the surface of [[phagocytic cell]]s, mediates the engulfment of the dead cell.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
*{{cite book  |vauthors=Peterson JA, Scallan CD, Ceriani RL, Hamosh M |chapter=Structural and Functional Aspects of Three Major Glycoproteins of the Human Milk Fat Globule Membrane |title=Bioactive Components of Human Milk |series=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology |volume=501 |pages= 179–87 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11787681 |doi=  10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_23|isbn=978-1-4613-5521-2 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Larocca D, Peterson JA, Urrea R, etal |title=A Mr 46,000 human milk fat globule protein that is highly expressed in human breast tumors contains factor VIII-like domains. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=51 |issue= 18 |pages= 4994–8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1909932 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Couto JR, Taylor MR, Godwin SG, etal |title=Cloning and sequence analysis of human breast epithelial antigen BA46 reveals an RGD cell adhesion sequence presented on an epidermal growth factor-like domain. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=15 |issue= 4 |pages= 281–6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8639264 |doi=10.1089/dna.1996.15.281  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Collins C, Nehlin JO, Stubbs JD, etal |title=Mapping of a newly discovered human gene homologous to the apoptosis associated-murine mammary protein, MFG-E8, to chromosome 15q25. |journal=Genomics |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 117–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9027496 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.4425 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Aoki N, Ishii T, Ohira S, etal |title=Stage specific expression of milk fat globule membrane glycoproteins in mouse mammary gland: comparison of MFG-E8, butyrophilin, and CD36 with a major milk protein, beta-casein. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1334 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 182–90 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9101712 |doi=  10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00091-8}}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Taylor MR, Couto JR, Scallan CD, etal |title=Lactadherin (formerly BA46), a membrane-associated glycoprotein expressed in human milk and breast carcinomas, promotes Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent cell adhesion. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=16 |issue= 7 |pages= 861–9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9260929 |doi=10.1089/dna.1997.16.861  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Giuffrida MG, Cavaletto M, Giunta C, etal |title=Isolation and characterization of full and truncated forms of human breast carcinoma protein BA46 from human milk fat globule membranes. |journal=J. Protein Chem. |volume=17 |issue= 2 |pages= 143–8 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9535276 |doi=10.1023/A:1022531500370  |s2cid=36987464 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Newburg DS, Peterson JA, Ruiz-Palacios GM, etal |title=Role of human-milk lactadherin in protection against symptomatic rotavirus infection. |journal=Lancet |volume=351 |issue= 9110 |pages= 1160–4 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9643686 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10322-1  |s2cid=25702042 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Peterson JA, Hamosh M, Scallan CD, etal |title=Milk fat globule glycoproteins in human milk and in gastric aspirates of mother's milk-fed preterm infants. |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=44 |issue= 4 |pages= 499–506 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9773837 |doi=10.1203/00006450-199810000-00006  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Häggqvist B, Näslund J, Sletten K, etal |title=Medin: an integral fragment of aortic smooth muscle cell-produced lactadherin forms the most common human amyloid. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 15 |pages= 8669–74 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10411933 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.15.8669  | pmc=17574  |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.8669H |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Oshima K, Aoki N, Kato T, etal |title=Secretion of a peripheral membrane protein, MFG-E8, as a complex with membrane vesicles. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=269 |issue= 4 |pages= 1209–18 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11856354 |doi=10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02758.x  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miwa K, etal |title=Identification of a factor that links apoptotic cells to phagocytes. |journal=Nature |volume=417 |issue= 6885 |pages= 182–7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12000961 |doi= 10.1038/417182a |bibcode=2002Natur.417..182H |s2cid=4429707 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Lee SH, Seo GS, Park PH, etal |title=Increased expression of O-acetyl disialoganglioside synthase during rat liver fibrogenesis relates to stellate cell activation. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=303 |issue= 3 |pages= 954–61 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12670504 |doi=10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00448-0  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Rehman KS, Yin S, Mayhew BA, etal |title=Human myometrial adaptation to pregnancy: cDNA microarray gene expression profiling of myometrium from non-pregnant and pregnant women. |journal=Mol. Hum. Reprod. |volume=9 |issue= 11 |pages= 681–700 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14561811 |doi=10.1093/molehr/gag078  |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |doi-access= free }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Reches M, Gazit E |title=Amyloidogenic hexapeptide fragment of medin: homology to functional islet amyloid polypeptide fragments. |journal=Amyloid |volume=11 |issue= 2 |pages= 81–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15478463 |doi=10.1080/13506120412331272287  |s2cid=22673832 }}
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