View source for MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

{{Short description|CS and AI GNSSA+ Laboratory at MIT (formed by merger in 2003)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Primary sources|date=January 2019}}
{{More footnotes|date=January 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox laboratory
| name             = MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
| image            = [[File:Stata Center1.jpg|200px]]
| established      = {{Start date and age|1963|7|1}} (as Project MAC)<br />July 1, 2003 (as CSAIL)
| research_field   = [[Computer science]]
| director         = [[Daniela L. Rus]]
| city             = [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]
| address          = The [[Ray and Maria Stata Center|Stata Center]] (Building 32)<br />32 Vassar Street<br />Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139<br />USA
| nickname         = CSAIL
| operating_agency = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
| website          = {{URL|https://csail.mit.edu}}
| logo             = [[File:CSAIL Logo.png|106px]]
}}
'''Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory''' ('''CSAIL''') is a [[research institute]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the [[Ray and Maria Stata Center]], CSAIL is the largest on-campus laboratory as measured by research scope and membership. It is part of the [[Schwarzman College of Computing]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://news.mit.edu/2020/college-for-the-computing-age-0204 |title=A college for the computing age |date=4 Feb 2020 |publisher=MIT News |author=Terri Park}}</ref> but is also overseen by the MIT Vice President of Research.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2021-01-19 |title=Vice President for Research - MIT Organizational Chart |url=http://orgchart.mit.edu/vice-president-research}}</ref>
== Research activities ==
CSAIL's research activities are organized around a number of semi-autonomous research groups, each of which is headed by one or more professors or research scientists. These groups are divided up into seven general areas of research:
* [[Artificial intelligence]]
* [[Computational biology]]
* [[Computer graphics|Graphics]] and [[Machine vision|vision]]
* [[Natural language processing|Language]] and [[Machine learning|learning]]
* [[Theory of computation]]
* [[Robotics]]
* Systems (includes [[computer architecture]], databases, [[Distributed computing|distributed systems]], [[Computer network|networks]] and networked systems, [[operating system]]s, programming methodology, and [[software engineering]], among others)
== History ==
Computing Research at MIT began with [[Vannevar Bush]]'s research into a [[Differential analyser|differential analyzer]] and [[Claude Shannon]]'s electronic [[Boolean algebra]] in the 1930s, the wartime [[MIT Radiation Laboratory]], the post-war [[Whirlwind I|Project Whirlwind]] and Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), and [[MIT Lincoln Laboratory]]'s [[Semi-Automatic Ground Environment|SAGE]] in the early 1950s. At MIT, research in the field of artificial intelligence began in the late 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Marvin Minsky|title=bibliography|url=https://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/minskybiog.html|access-date=2018-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620083529/http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/minskybiog.html|archive-date=2018-06-20|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Project MAC ===
On July 1, 1963, Project MAC (the Project on Mathematics and Computation, later [[backronym]]ed to Multiple Access Computer, Machine Aided Cognitions, or Man and Computer) was launched with a $2 million grant from the [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA). Project MAC's original director was [[Robert Fano]] of MIT's Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE). Fano decided to call MAC a "project" rather than a "laboratory" for reasons of internal MIT politics &ndash; if MAC had been called a laboratory, then it would have been more difficult to raid other MIT departments for research staff. The program manager responsible for the DARPA grant was [[J. C. R. Licklider]], who had previously been at MIT conducting research in RLE, and would later succeed Fano as director of Project MAC.
Project MAC would become famous for groundbreaking research in [[operating system]]s, [[artificial intelligence]], and the [[theory of computation]]. Its contemporaries included [[Project Genie]] at [[University of California, Berkeley|Berkeley]], the [[Stanford University centers and institutes#Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory|Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]], and (somewhat later) [[University of Southern California]]'s (USC's) [[Information Sciences Institute]].
An "AI Group" including [[Marvin Minsky]] (the director), [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] (inventor of [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]]), and a talented community of computer programmers were incorporated into Project MAC. They were interested principally in the problems of vision, mechanical motion and manipulation, and language, which they view as the keys to more intelligent machines. In the 1960s and 1970s the AI Group developed a [[time-sharing]] operating system called [[Incompatible Timesharing System]] (ITS) which ran on [[PDP-6]] and later [[PDP-10]] computers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastlake |first=Donald E. |year=1969 |url=http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-161A.pdf |title=ITS Reference Manual, Version 1.5 |publisher=MIT AI Laboratory |format=PDF (large)}}</ref>
The early Project MAC community included Fano, Minsky, Licklider, [[Fernando J. Corbató]], and a community of computer programmers and [[Tech Model Railroad Club|enthusiasts]] among others who drew their inspiration from former colleague John McCarthy. These founders envisioned the creation of a [[utility computing|computer utility]] whose computational power would be as reliable as an electric utility. To this end, Corbató brought the first computer [[time-sharing]] system, [[Compatible Time-Sharing System]] (CTSS), with him from the MIT Computation Center, using the DARPA funding to purchase an [[IBM 7090#IBM 7094|IBM 7094]] for research use. One of the early focuses of Project MAC would be the development of a successor to CTSS, [[Multics]], which was to be the first [[high availability]] computer system, developed as a part of an industry consortium including [[General Electric]] and [[Bell Labs|Bell Laboratories]].
In 1966, ''[[Scientific American]]'' featured Project MAC in the September thematic issue devoted to computer science,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fano |first1=R. M. |last2=Corbató |first2=F. J. |title=Time-Sharing on Computers |journal=Scientific American |date=1966 |volume=215 |issue=3 |pages=128–143 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0966-128 |jstor=24931051 |bibcode=1966SciAm.215c.128F |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24931051 |access-date=March 13, 2022 |issn=0036-8733}}</ref> that was later published in book form. At the time, the system was described as having approximately 100 TTY terminals, mostly on campus but with a few in private homes. Only 30 users could be logged in at the same time. The project enlisted students in various classes to use the terminals simultaneously in problem solving, simulations, and multi-terminal communications as tests for the multi-access computing software being developed.
=== AI Lab and LCS{{Anchor|AI Lab|LCS}} ===
In the late 1960s, Minsky's [[artificial intelligence]] group was seeking more space, and was unable to get satisfaction from project director Licklider. Minsky found that although Project MAC as a single entity could not get the additional space he wanted, he could split off to form his own laboratory and then be entitled to more office space. As a result, the MIT AI Lab was formed in 1970, and many of Minsky's AI colleagues left Project MAC to join him in the new laboratory, while most of the remaining members went on to form the Laboratory for Computer Science. Talented programmers such as [[Richard Stallman]], who used [[TECO (text editor)|TECO]] to develop [[Emacs|EMACS]], flourished in the AI Lab during this time.
Those researchers who did not join the smaller AI Lab formed the Laboratory for Computer Science and continued their research into [[operating system]]s, [[programming language]]s, [[Distributed computing|distributed system]]s, and the [[theory of computation]]. Two professors, [[Hal Abelson]] and [[Gerald Jay Sussman]], chose to remain neutral&nbsp;— their group was referred to variously as Switzerland and Project MAC for the next 30 years.{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}
Among much else, the AI Lab led to the invention of [[Lisp machine]]s and their attempted [[commercialization]] by two companies in the 1980s: [[Symbolics]] and [[Lisp Machines|Lisp Machines Inc]]. This divided the AI Lab into "camps" which resulted in a hiring away of many of the talented programmers. The incident inspired Richard Stallman's later work on the [[GNU Project]]. "Nobody had envisioned that the AI lab's hacker group would be wiped out, but it was."&nbsp;... "That is the basis for the free software movement&nbsp;— the experience I had, the life that I've lived at the MIT AI lab&nbsp;— to be working on human knowledge, and not be standing in the way of anybody's further using and further disseminating human knowledge".<ref>[https://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html Transcript of Richard Stallman's Speech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180457/https://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html |date=2014-04-16 }}, 28 October 2002, at the International Lisp Conference, from gnu.org, accessed September 2012</ref>
=== CSAIL ===
On the fortieth anniversary of Project MAC's establishment, July 1, 2003, LCS was merged with the AI Lab to form the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, or CSAIL. This merger created the largest laboratory (over 600 personnel) on the MIT campus<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is CSAIL? |url=https://mitadmissions.org/help/faq/csail/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=MIT Admissions |language=en-US}}</ref> and was regarded as a reuniting of the diversified elements of Project MAC.{{According to whom|date=January 2019}}
In 2018, CSAIL launched a five-year collaboration program with [[IFlytek]], a company sanctioned the following year for allegedly using its technology for surveillance and [[persecution of Uyghurs in China|human rights abuses in Xinjiang]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/csail-launches-five-year-collaboration-with-iflytek-0615|title=CSAIL launches new five-year collaboration with iFlyTek|last=Conner-Simons|first=Adam|date=June 15, 2018|work=MIT News|access-date=November 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928083305/http://news.mit.edu/2018/csail-launches-five-year-collaboration-with-iflytek-0615|archive-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-mit-tech-insight/risky-partner-top-u-s-universities-took-funds-from-chinese-firm-tied-to-xinjiang-security-idUSKCN1TE04M|title=Risky partner: Top U.S. universities took funds from Chinese firm tied to Xinjiang security|last=Harney|first=Alexandra|date=June 13, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109062644/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-mit-tech-insight/risky-partner-top-u-s-universities-took-funds-from-chinese-firm-tied-to-xinjiang-security-idUSKCN1TE04M|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade-war/US-sanctions-8-China-tech-companies-over-role-in-Xinjiang-abuses|title=US sanctions 8 China tech companies over role in Xinjiang abuses|date=October 8, 2019|work=[[The Nikkei]]|access-date=November 9, 2019|agency=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109032331/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade-war/US-sanctions-8-China-tech-companies-over-role-in-Xinjiang-abuses|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/expanded-u-s-trade-blacklist-hits-beijings-artificial-intelligence-ambitions-11570541277|title=Expanded U.S. Trade Blacklist Hits Beijing's Artificial-Intelligence Ambitions|last1=Strumpf|first1=Dan|date=October 8, 2019|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=November 9, 2019|last2=Kubota|first2=Yoko|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108234117/https://www.wsj.com/articles/expanded-u-s-trade-blacklist-hits-beijings-artificial-intelligence-ambitions-11570541277|archive-date=November 8, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2019, MIT announced that it would review its partnerships with sanctioned firms such as iFlyTek and [[SenseTime]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/02389b0a8e2f4e88ae8dd8b429c07be2|title=MIT reviews partnerships with blacklisted Chinese tech firms|date=October 11, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019|work=[[Associated Press]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109064658/https://apnews.com/02389b0a8e2f4e88ae8dd8b429c07be2|archive-date=November 9, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2020, the agreement with iFlyTek was terminated.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Knight|first=Will|url=https://www.wired.com/story/mit-cuts-ties-chinese-ai-firm-human-rights/|title=MIT Cuts Ties With a Chinese AI Firm Amid Human Rights Concerns|date=2020-04-21|magazine=Wired|access-date=2020-04-22|url-status=live|language=en|issn=1059-1028|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421191904/https://www.wired.com/story/mit-cuts-ties-chinese-ai-firm-human-rights/|archive-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>
CSAIL moved from the School of Engineering to the newly formed [[Schwarzman College of Computing]] by February 2020.<ref name="auto"/>
== Offices ==
From 1963 to 2004, Project MAC, LCS, the AI Lab, and CSAIL had their offices at 545 [[Technology Square (Cambridge, Massachusetts)|Technology Square]], taking over more and more floors of the building over the years. In 2004, CSAIL moved to the new [[Stata Center|Ray and Maria Stata Center]], which was built specifically to house it and other departments.
== Outreach activities ==
The IMARA (from [[Swahili language|Swahili]] word for "power") group sponsors a variety of outreach programs that bridge the [[Digital divide#Global digital divide|global digital divide]]. Its aim is to find and implement long-term, sustainable solutions which will increase the availability of educational technology and resources to domestic and international communities. These projects are run under the aegis of CSAIL and staffed by MIT volunteers who give training, install and donate computer setups in greater [[Boston, Massachusetts]], [[Kenya]], [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American Indian]] [[Indian reservation|tribal reservations]] in the [[Southwestern United States|American Southwest]] such as the [[Navajo Nation]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Fiji|Fiji Islands]]. The CommuniTech project strives to empower under-served communities through sustainable technology and education and does this through the MIT Used Computer Factory (UCF), providing refurbished computers to under-served families, and through the Families Accessing Computer Technology (FACT) classes, it trains those families to become familiar and comfortable with computer technology.<ref name="OUTREACH">[http://www.csail.mit.edu/ Outreach activities at CSAIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602020907/http://www.csail.mit.edu/node/34 |date=2010-06-02}} - CSAIL homepage, MIT.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imara.csail.mit.edu/ |title=IMARA Project at MIT |access-date=2010-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607071526/http://imara.csail.mit.edu/ |archive-date=2010-06-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last1=Fizz | first1=Robyn | last2=Mansur | first2=Karla | title=Helping MIT neighbors cross the 'digital divide' | newspaper=MIT Tech Talk | date=2008-06-04 | publisher=Cambridge: MIT | url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/techtalk52-28.pdf | pages=3 | access-date=2010-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206074300/http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2008/techtalk52-28.pdf | archive-date=2011-02-06 | url-status=live }}</ref>
== Notable researchers ==
(Including members and alumni of CSAIL's predecessor laboratories)
* [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellows]] [[Tim Berners-Lee]], [[Erik Demaine]], [[Dina Katabi]], [[Daniela L. Rus]], [[Regina Barzilay]], [[Peter Shor]], [[Richard Stallman]], and [[Joshua Tenenbaum]]
* [[Turing Award]] recipients [[Leonard Adleman|Leonard M. Adleman]], [[Fernando J. Corbató]], [[Shafi Goldwasser]], [[Butler Lampson|Butler W. Lampson]], [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]], [[Silvio Micali]], [[Marvin Minsky]], [[Ron Rivest|Ronald L. Rivest]], [[Adi Shamir]], [[Barbara Liskov]], and [[Michael Stonebraker]]
* [[IJCAI Computers and Thought Award]] recipients [[Terry Winograd]], [[Patrick Winston]], [[David Marr (neuroscientist)|David Marr]], [[Gerald Jay Sussman]], [[Rodney Brooks]]
* [[Nevanlinna Prize|Rolf Nevanlinna Prize]] recipients [[Madhu Sudan]], [[Peter Shor]], [[Constantinos Daskalakis]]
* [[Gödel Prize]] recipients [[Shafi Goldwasser]] (two-time recipient), [[Silvio Micali]], [[Maurice Herlihy]], [[Charles Rackoff]], [[Johan Håstad]], [[Peter Shor]], and [[Madhu Sudan]]
* [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]] recipients [[Robert Metcalfe]], [[Shafi Goldwasser]], [[Guy L. Steele, Jr.]], [[Richard Stallman]], and [[Danny Hillis|W. Daniel Hillis]]
* Textbook authors [[Hal Abelson|Harold Abelson]] and Gerald Jay Sussman, [[Richard Stallman]], [[Thomas H. Cormen]], [[Charles E. Leiserson]], [[Patrick Winston]], Ronald L. Rivest, [[Barbara Liskov]], [[John Guttag]], [[Jerry Saltzer|Jerome H. Saltzer]], [[Frans Kaashoek]], [[Clifford Stein]], and [[Nancy Lynch]]
* [[David D. Clark]], former chief protocol architect for the Internet; co-author with Jerome H. Saltzer (also a CSAIL member) and [[David P. Reed]] of the influential paper "[[end-to-end principle|End-to-End]] Arguments in Systems Design"<ref>{{Cite Q | Q56503280 | access-date = 2022-04-05}} <!-- Saltzer 1984 --></ref>
* [[Eric Grimson]], expert on computer vision and its applications to medicine, appointed Chancellor of MIT March 2011
* [[Bob Frankston]], co-developer of [[VisiCalc]], the first computer spreadsheet
* [[Seymour Papert]], inventor of the [[Logo (programming language)|Logo programming language]]
* [[Joseph Weizenbaum]], creator of the [[ELIZA]] computer-simulated therapist
=== Notable alumni ===
<!-- Several Project MAC alumni went on to further revolutionize the computer industry. --><!-- One isn't "several". -->
* [[Robert Metcalfe]], who later invented [[Ethernet]] at [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]] and later founded [[3Com]]
* [[Marc Raibert]], who created the robot company [[Boston Dynamics]]
* [[Drew Houston]], co-founder of [[Dropbox]]
* Colin Angle and Helen Greiner who, with previous CSAIL director [[Rodney Brooks]], founded [[iRobot]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=iRobot Celebrates Two Decades of Innovation in Robotics |url=https://media.irobot.com/press-releases?item=122485 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=iRobot MediaKit |language=en}}</ref>
* Jeremy Wertheimer, who developed [[ITA Software]] used by travel websites like [[Kayak (company)|Kayak]] and [[Orbitz]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google acquires ITA for $700m, dives headfirst into airline ticket search |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010-07-02-google-acquires-ita-for-700m-dives-headfirst-into-airline-tick.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Engadget |date=2 July 2010 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bloeise |url=https://bloeise.nl/ |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref>
* Max Krohn, co-founder of [[OkCupid]]
== Directors ==
;Directors of Project MAC
* [[Robert Fano]], 1963–1968
* [[J. C. R. Licklider]], 1968–1971
* [[Edward Fredkin]], 1971–1974
* [[Michael Dertouzos]], 1974–1975
;Directors of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
* [[Marvin Minsky]], 1970–1972
* [[Patrick Winston]], 1972–1997
* [[Rodney Brooks]], 1997–2003
;Directors of the Laboratory for Computer Science
* [[Michael Dertouzos]], 1975–2001
* [[Victor Zue]], 2001–2003
;Directors of CSAIL
* [[Rodney Brooks]], 2003–2007
* [[Victor Zue]], 2007–2011
* [[Anant Agarwal]], 2011–2012
* [[Daniela L. Rus]], 2012–
== CSAIL Alliances ==
CSAIL Alliances is the industry connection arm of MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://cap.csail.mit.edu/node/9 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=CSAIL Alliances |language=en}}</ref> CSAIL Alliances offers companies programs to connect with the research, faculty, students, and startups of CSAIL by providing organizations with opportunities to learn about the research, engage with students, explore collaborations with researchers, and join research initiatives such as FinTech at CSAIL,<ref>{{Cite web |title=A faster way to preserve privacy online |url=https://news.mit.edu/2022/online-information-user-data-privacy-1207 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=7 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> MIT Future of Data,<ref>{{Cite web |title=MIT launches new data privacy-focused initiative |url=https://news.mit.edu/2021/mit-launches-data-privacy-focused-initiative-fod-0420 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=20 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and Machine Learning Applications.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CSAIL to launch new initiative for machine learning applications {{!}} MIT CSAIL |url=https://www.csail.mit.edu/news/csail-launch-new-initiative-machine-learning-applications |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.csail.mit.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Helping companies deploy AI models more responsibly |url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/verta-helping-companies-deploy-ai-models-0210 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=10 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
<!-- Please keep entries in alphabetical order & add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
* [[Artificial intelligence]]
* [[Glossary of artificial intelligence]]
* [[CERIAS]]
* [[History of operating systems]]
* [[Knight keyboard]]
* [[Stanford University centers and institutes#SAIL|Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]]
{{div col end}}
<!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order -->
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web|url= http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/AILab.pdf |title=A Marriage of Convenience: The Founding of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory}}, Chious et al.&nbsp;— includes important information on the [[Incompatible Timesharing System]]
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706101738/http://www.ilmarefilm.org/W_E_1.htm Weizenbaum. Rebel at Work]'': a documentary film with and about [[Joseph Weizenbaum]]
* {{Cite book | last=Garfinkel | first=Simson | author-link=Simson Garfinkel | editor-last=Abelson | editor-first=Hall | editor1-link=Hal Abelson | publisher=[[MIT Press]] | title=Architects of the Information Society: Thirty-Five Years of the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT | location=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], Massachusetts | year=1999 | isbn=0-262-07196-7 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/architectsofinfo00garf}}
== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.csail.mit.edu}} of CSAIL, successor of the AI Lab
{{MIT}}
{{Artificial intelligence (AI)}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory]]
[[Category:Artificial intelligence laboratories]]
[[Category:Computer science institutes in the United States]]
[[Category:Laboratories in the United States]]
[[Category:Information technology research institutes]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Robotics organizations]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2003]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:2003 in computing]]
[[Category:History of artificial intelligence]]