View source for Maersk

{{Short description|Danish business conglomerate}}
{{for|the largest operating subsidiary and container shipping company of Maersk|Maersk Line}}
{{Infobox company
| name = {{lang|da|A.P. Møller – Mærsk A/S|italic=no}}
| logo = Maersk Group Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| image = File:Maersk headquarters, 2019 (01).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Maersk head office
| type = [[Aktieselskab]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list | {{OMX|CSE3200|MAERSK A}} | {{OMXb|CSE3201|MAERSK B}} | [[OMX Copenhagen 25|OMXC25CAP]] component<ref>{{cite web |title=OMX Copenhagen 25 (OMXC25CAP) |url=https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/docs/FS_OMXC25.pdf |website=Nasdaq OMX |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313072035/https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/docs/FS_OMXC25.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
| key_people = Vincent Clerc<small> (CEO)</small>
| industry = [[Freight transport]]
| products = [[Containerization|Container shipping]] and [[Container terminal|terminals]], logistics and freight forwarding, ferry and [[Tank ship|tanker transport]], [[semi-submersible]] drilling rigs and [[Floating Production Storage and Offloading|FPSOs]]
| revenue = {{decrease}}US$51.1&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="maersk1"/>
| operating_income = {{decrease}}US$4&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="maersk1"/>
| net_income = {{decrease}}US$3.9&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="maersk1"/>
| assets = {{decrease}}US$82.1&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="maersk1"/>
| equity = {{decrease}}US$55.1&nbsp;billion (2023)<ref name="maersk1"/>
| num_employees = 105,908 (2023)<ref name="maersk1">{{cite web|title=APMM Annual Report 2023|url=https://www.maersk.com/~/media_sc9/maersk/news/press-releases/files/2024/02/08/apmm-annual-report-2023.pdf|publisher=Maersk|access-date=2024-02-08}}</ref>
| subsid = 900+
| founded = {{start date and age|1904|4|16|df=y}}, [[Svendborg]], Denmark
| predecessor = {{Plain list|
* Dampskibsselskabet Svendborg
* Dampskibsselskabet af 1912
}}
| owner = Møller/Mærsk Mc-Kinney Uggla family (69.92% voting power)
| location = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
{{Coord|55|41|14.81|N|12|35|53.28|E|type:landmark_region:DK-84|display=title,inline}}
| founders = [[Arnold Peter Møller]]<br />[[Peter Mærsk Møller]]
| homepage = {{URL|maersk.com}}
}}
[[File:Maersk container 2.png|thumb|A Maersk Line 40ft container being lifted by a crane.]]
{{Lang|da|'''A.P. Møller – Mærsk A/S'''|italic=no}} ({{IPA|da|ˈɛˀ ˈpʰe̝ˀ ˈmølɐ ˈmɛɐ̯sk|lang}}), usually known simply as '''Maersk''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|m|ɛər|s|k}} {{respell|MAIRSK}}),<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> is a Danish [[Freight transport|shipping]] and [[logistics]] company founded in 1904 by [[Arnold Peter Møller]] and his father [[Peter Mærsk Møller]].
Maersk's business activities include shipping, [[Port operator|port operation]], [[supply chain management]] and [[Distribution center|warehousing]]. The company is based in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], with subsidiaries and offices across 130 countries and over 100,000 employees worldwide in 2023.<ref name="maersk1"/>
It is a [[publicly traded]] [[family business]], as the company is controlled by the namesake Møller family through [[Holding company|holding companies]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-08-06 |title=Shipping group Maersk continues shopping spree after strong earnings |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/shipping-group-maersk-confirms-strong-quarterly-earnings-2021-08-06/ |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=Reuters |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901114718/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/shipping-group-maersk-confirms-strong-quarterly-earnings-2021-08-06/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The company's 2023 annual revenue was US$51.1 [[billion]].<ref name="maersk1"/> In the 2023 [[Forbes Global 2000]], Møller-Maersk was ranked as the 174th largest public company in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Forbes Global 2000 |website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/ |access-date=8 February 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131184840/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=201a278a5ac0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Maersk has faced several challenges, including the [[2022 stock market decline|global economic downturn]], a [[Petya and NotPetya|malware attack]], and the [[Red Sea crisis]].
== History ==
{{Main|History of Maersk}}
{{Language with name/for|da|Dampskibsselskabet Svendborg|[[Svendborg]] [[Steamship]] Company}} was founded in Svendborg in April 1904 by captain [[Peter Mærsk Møller]] (1836–1927) and his son [[Arnold Peter Møller|Arnold Peter (A. P.) Møller]] (1876–1965). A. P. Møller had four children, all by his first wife Chastine Estelle Roberta Mc-Kinney. Their second child was [[Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller|(Arnold) Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller]] (1913–2012), who became a partner in 1939 and head of the firm upon his father's death. In 1993, he was succeeded as CEO by [[Jess Søderberg]]. He continued as chairman until December 2003, when he was 90, and Michael Pram Rasmussen took over. Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller was, until his death, one of the "managing owners" of the company and was chairman of [[Odense Steel Shipyard]] until 2 May 2006.<ref name='A.P. Moller - Maersk website'>{{cite web |title=A.P. Moller - Maersk website |url=http://www.maersk.com/en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024180204/http://www.maersk.com/en <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-10-24 |access-date=2007-12-04 |website=Maersk.com}}</ref>
A.P. Moller - Maersk announced its strategic choice to separate its oil and gas-related operations from the conglomerate structure and to concentrate only on container logistics in 2016. The majority shareholding in Maersk Tankers was sold to A.P. Moller Holding in 2017. Maersk Oil was sold to TOTAL S.A. in 2018, and [[Maersk Drilling]] became a separately listed company in April 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maersk.com/about/our-history/explore-our-history |title=history timeline |publisher=Maersk |date= |access-date=2022-08-20 |archive-date=2022-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001085926/https://www.maersk.com/about/our-history/explore-our-history |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2017, the company was one of the main victims of the [[NotPetya]] ransom malware attack, which severely disrupted its operation for several months.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |date=22 August 2018 |title=The Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History |url=https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world/ |access-date=1 September 2018 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref>
In 2021, the company bought 8 carbon-neutral ships for £1bn.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-24|title=Shipping firm Maersk spends £1bn on 'carbon neutral' container ships|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/aug/24/worlds-biggest-shipping-firm-maersk-in-1bn-green-push|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901111639/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/aug/24/worlds-biggest-shipping-firm-maersk-in-1bn-green-push|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping giant Maersk orders 8 'carbon-neutral' vessels {{!}} Greenbiz|url=https://www.businessgreen.com/news/4036282/maersk-sets-course-greener-shipping-order-carbon-neutral-vessels|access-date=2021-09-01|website=www.businessgreen.com|date=26 August 2021|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901114033/https://www.businessgreen.com/news/4036282/maersk-sets-course-greener-shipping-order-carbon-neutral-vessels|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-09|title=Maersk's Green Shipping Plan Runs Up Against Scarce Cooking Oil|url=https://www.ttnews.com/articles/maersks-green-shipping-plan-runs-against-scarce-cooking-oil|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Transport Topics|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901115039/https://www.ttnews.com/articles/maersks-green-shipping-plan-runs-against-scarce-cooking-oil|url-status=live}}</ref>
In August 2021, Maersk joined the BEC Low-Carbon Charter.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ship|last2=bunker.com|title=Maersk Joins BEC Low-Carbon Charter|url=https://shipandbunker.com/news/world/460159-maersk-joins-bec-low-carbon-charter|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Ship & Bunker|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831162034/https://shipandbunker.com/news/world/460159-maersk-joins-bec-low-carbon-charter|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-27|title=Maersk ups the ante in maritime climate change debate|url=https://theloadstar.com/maersk-ups-the-ante-in-maritime-climate-change-debate/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=The Loadstar|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831195529/https://theloadstar.com/maersk-ups-the-ante-in-maritime-climate-change-debate/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In September 2023, Maersk unveiled Laura Mærsk, which uses methanol as a fuel.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dma.dk/news/2023/september/the-worlds-first-methanol-powered-container-ship-sails-under-the-danish-flag | title=The world's first methanol-powered container ship sails under the Danish flag }}</ref> Laura Mærsk is a feeder vessel of 2,100 TEU capacity in service on the Baltic Sea. In June of 2023, Maersk also announced an order for six additional mid-sized container vessels of 9,000 TEU capacity.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://safety4sea.com/maersk-orders-six-additional-methanol-powered-vessels/ | title=Maersk orders six additional methanol-powered vessels | date=26 June 2023 }}</ref>
In November 2023, Maersk signed an agreement with Chinese developer [[Goldwind]].<ref>https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/maersk-signs-green-methanol-deal-with-chinas-goldwind-2023-11-22/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> The agreement looks to secure annual volumes of 500KT of fuels including bio-methanol and e-methanol produced utilising wind energy at a new production facility in Hinggan League, Northeast China, around 1000km northeast of Beijing. The first volumes are expected to arrive in 2026.
===Maersk Logo===
[[File:Laura 1886 B BIG.jpg|thumb|right|The [[SS Laura (1875)|SS ''Laura'' in 1886]] in [[Svendborg]], Denmark]]
The Maersk logo is a white, seven-pointed star on a pale blue background. The logo dates back to 1886 when it was used on Captain [[Peter Mærsk Møller|P. M. Møller's]] first steamer, the [[SS Laura (1875)|s.s. LAURA.]] The story relates to an episode where Captain Møller's wife, Anna, had accompanied him on a sea voyage and fallen seriously ill. The deeply devout Captain Møller prayed for his wife's recovery, and she did recover.
In a letter dated October 6, 1886, he wrote to her: "The little star on the funnel is a reminder of the evening I prayed for you so dejectedly and anxiously, asking for the sign that I might see a star in the grey, overcast sky, a reminder that the Lord hears our prayers."
When The Steamship Company Svendborg was founded in 1904, the seven-pointed star on the pale blue background became its funnel emblem and the company's house flag symbol. When The Steamship Company of 1912 was established, the seven-pointed star was also chosen as their logo.<ref>Hornby, Ove: "With Constant Care..." pp.</ref>
The white seven-pointed star has been synonymous with Maersk throughout the years, but the logo has undergone some minor changes. The last changes date back to the early 1970s when Maersk enlisted the Danish designer and architect [[Acton Bjørn]] to help with a more modern design, which is still used today.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2022/12/22/a-star-is-born | title=A star is born | access-date=2023-06-22 | archive-date=2023-06-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622092842/https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2022/12/22/a-star-is-born | url-status=live }}</ref>
== Transport and logistics ==
=== Maersk ===
[[File:Maersk kalamata seattle 20101127.jpg|thumb|''Mærsk Kalamata'' in Seattle harbor]]
[[File:Eleonora Maersk DCT 3.JPG|right|thumb|{{ship||Eleonora Mærsk}}, one of the E-class vessels]]
{{Main|Maersk Line}}
The largest operating unit in A. P. Moller–Maersk by revenue and staff (around 25,000 employees in 2012)<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Facts and Information |url=http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=news&path=/news/news20111212 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208171838/http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=news&path=%2Fnews%2Fnews20111212 |archive-date=8 February 2013 |access-date=10 January 2013 |publisher=A. P. Moller - Maersk Group A/S}}</ref> is [[Maersk Line]]. In 2013, the company described itself as the world's largest overseas cargo carrier and operated over 600 vessels with 3.8&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk Line - About Us |url=http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure&path=/about_us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203001930/http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure&path=%2Fabout_us |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=10 January 2013 |publisher=A. P. Møller – Mærsk A/S}}</ref> [[twenty-foot equivalent unit]] (TEU) container capacity. As of January 2021, as the largest container fleet, it held 17% of the global TEU.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alphaliner - TOP 100 - 25 January 2021 |url=http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519135512/http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2006, the largest container ship in the world to that date, the {{sclass2|E|container ship|0}} vessel {{ship||Emma Maersk}}, was delivered to Maersk Line from [[Odense Steel Shipyard]].<ref name="ML">{{cite web |title=Maersk Line |url=http://www.maerskline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907075928/http://www.maerskline.com/ |archive-date=2008-09-07 |access-date=2009-07-20 |website=maerskline.com}}</ref> Since then, seven other [[sister ship]]s have been built, and on 21 February 2011 Maersk ordered ten even larger container ships from [[Daewoo]], the {{sclass2|Triple E|container ship|4}}, each with a capacity of 18,000 containers. The first was delivered in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 September 2013 |title=Third Triple-E, the MARY MAERSK Delivered |url=https://shipbuildingtribune.com/2013/09/20/third-triple-e-the-mary-maersk-delivered/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924051908/http://shipbuildingtribune.com/2013/09/20/third-triple-e-the-mary-maersk-delivered/ |archive-date=2013-09-24 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Shipbuilding Tribune}}</ref> There was an option for 10–20 more,<ref name="bwEEE">{{Cite news |date=21 February 2011 |title=Maersk orders up to 30 of biggest container ships on trade |work=BusinessWeek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-21/maersk-orders-up-to-30-of-biggest-container-ships-on-trade.html |url-status=dead |access-date=21 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628195918/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-02-21/maersk-orders-up-to-30-of-biggest-container-ships-on-trade.html |archive-date=28 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2013 |title=Official website of Mærsk Triple-E |url=http://www.worldslargestship.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718114538/http://www.worldslargestship.com/ |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=1 June 2013 |publisher=Maersk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 March 2013 |title=Maersk Line - Your promise. Delivered. |url=http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=news&path=/news/story_page/11/Triple_E |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714020147/http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=news&path=%2Fnews%2Fstory_page%2F11%2FTriple_E |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> and in June 2011, Maersk placed a follow-on order for a second batch of ten sister ships (to the same design with the same shipyard), but cancelled its option for a third batch of ten.
As of February 2010, Maersk had an order book for new ships totaling 857000TEU (including options on the Triple E class); that backlog is larger than the existing fleet of the fourth-largest line, [[Evergreen Marine|Evergreen Line]].<ref name="Alphaliner">{{Cite news |title=Volume 2011 Issue 8 |work=Alphaliner Weekly Newsletter |url=http://www.alphaliner.com/liner2/research_files/newsletters/2011/no08/Alphaliner%20Newsletter%20no%2008%20-%202011.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=27 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707115906/http://www.alphaliner.com/liner2/research_files/newsletters/2011/no08/Alphaliner%20Newsletter%20no%2008%20-%202011.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref>
Maersk Line cooperated with the [[United States Navy]] on testing 7–100% [[algae biofuel]] on the Maersk Kalmar in December 2011.<ref name="algKal">{{cite web |date=13 December 2011 |title=Maersk and the Navy Join Hands for Biofuels Testing |url=http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2011/12/maersk-and-the-navy-join-hands-for-biofuels-testing.html |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Oil Algae |archive-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111092717/http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2011/12/maersk-and-the-navy-join-hands-for-biofuels-testing.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bioKal">{{cite web |last=Geiver |first=Luke |date=21 November 2011 |title=U.S. Navy Biofuel Trials Go High-Tech |url=http://www.biorefiningmagazine.com/articles/5958/u-s-navy-biofuel-trials-go-high-tech |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407130015/http://www.biorefiningmagazine.com/articles/5958/u-s-navy-biofuel-trials-go-high-tech |archive-date=7 April 2012 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=BioRefining Magazine}}</ref>
In January 2012, [[Søren Skou]] took over as CEO of Maersk Line from [[Eivind Kolding]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Schwartzkopf |first=Frances |date=19 December 2011 |title=Danske Bank Names Chairman Kolding CEO as Straarup Retires |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-19/danske-bank-names-chairman-kolding-ceo |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=bloomberg.com |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019101119/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-12-19/danske-bank-names-chairman-kolding-ceo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Announcement December 19, 2011: "Søren Skou will take up the position as CEO of Maersk Line" |url=http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-3GG91Y/1346304982x0x529339/bce6b99d-a7ea-4a6d-9651-a7c2769ecd81/2011%20Announcement%20-%20management%20change.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801064844/http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-3GG91Y/1346304982x0x529339/bce6b99d-a7ea-4a6d-9651-a7c2769ecd81/2011%20Announcement%20-%20management%20change.pdf |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |access-date=December 21, 2011}}</ref> Later that year, the company ceased its business in Iran in order to prevent potential damage to the company's business with Western countries, particularly the US, due to the sanctions regime led by those countries.<ref>{{cite web |title="Top shipping line Maersk says halts Iran service" |url=https://news.yahoo.com/top-shipping-line-maersk-says-halts-iran-121607145--finance.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916034215/https://news.yahoo.com/top-shipping-line-maersk-says-halts-iran-121607145--finance.html |archive-date=2020-09-16 |access-date=2017-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Service Locator - APM Terminals |url=https://www.apmterminals.com/en/services/service-locator |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=apmterminals.com |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812215007/https://www.apmterminals.com/en/services/service-locator |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 15 March 2022, Robert M. Uggla was appointed Chair of the Board at A.P. Moller – Maersk, succeeding Jim Hagemann Snabe.<ref>https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/containers/fifth-generation-robert-maersk-uggla-chair-ap-moller-maersk {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> The appointment marks a generational change in the company. Robert M. Uggla represents the founding family and remains as CEO of A.P. Moller Holding.
On December 12, 2022, Vincent Clerc was appointed CEO of Maersk effective January 1, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2022/12/12/the-board-of-directors-of-maersk-announces-planned-ceo-transition|title=The Board of Directors of A. P. Møller - Mærsk A/S announces planned CEO transition|website=www.maersk.com|date=2022-12-12|access-date=2022-12-13|archive-date=2022-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213111222/https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2022/12/12/the-board-of-directors-of-maersk-announces-planned-ceo-transition|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== APM Terminals ===
{{Main|APM Terminals}}
[[File:APM Terminals WJ Grimes.JPG|thumb|right|APM Terminals at [[Portsmouth, Virginia]], United States]]
A. P. Moller–Maersk's independent APM Terminals business unit with its separate headquarters in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]], operates a Global Port, Terminal and Inland Services Network with interests in 57 ports and container terminals in 36 countries on five continents, as well as 155 Inland Services operations in 48 countries.
Port and Terminal Operations include:
* '''New projects under construction''': [[Savona]], and [[Tema]].
* '''Africa''': [[Abidjan]], [[Apapa]], [[Cotonou]], [[Douala]], [[Luanda]], [[Monrovia]], [[Onne]], [[Pointe Noire]], [[Port Elizabeth]], [[Tangier]], and [[Tema]].
* '''Europe''': [[Algeciras]], [[Aarhus]], Barcelona, [[Bremerhaven]], [[Gothenburg]], [[Port of Poti]], [[Rotterdam]]-[[Maasvlakte]], [[Rotterdam]]-[[Maasvlakte 2]], [[Wilhelmshaven]]-[[JadeWeserPort]], [[Valencia]], [[Gijon]], [[Zeebrugge]], Vado Ligure Reefer Terminal and Vado Gateway.
* '''North America''': Los Angeles, Miami, [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], [[Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal|Port Elizabeth]], and [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]].
* '''Latin America''': [[Port of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]], [[Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca|Buenaventura (Colombia)]], [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]], [[Itajaí]], [[Port of Pecem|Pecém]], [[Callao]], [[Port of Santos|Santos]], [[Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán|Lázaro Cárdenas]], [[Puerto Quetzal]], [[Yucatan]], and [[Moín Container Terminal|Limon (Costa Rica)]].
* '''Middle East''': [[Aqaba]], [[Haifa]], [[Bahrain]], [[Salalah]], [[Port Said]] and [[Jebel Ali]].
* '''Asia''': [[Cai Mep]], [[Colombo]], [[Dalian]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Kobe]], [[Laem Chabang]], [[Karachi]], [[Pipavav]], [[Qingdao]], [[Tanjung Pelepas]], Tianjin, Shanghai, [[Xiamen]], [[Yokohama]], India, and Singapore.
=== Maersk Container Industry ===
[[File:Maersk Newcastle (IMO 9215878) River Thames 2017.jpg|thumb|''Svitzer Bootle'' assisting ''Mærsk Newcastle'' on the [[River Thames]]]]
''Maersk Container Industry A/S'': Container manufacturing with factories in China ([[Dongguan]] and [[Qingdao]]) and headquarters in [[Denmark]] ([[Tinglev]]).<ref name='A.P. Moller - Maersk website' />
'''Container Inland Services''': Includes depots, equipment repair, trucking, container sales and related activity.<ref name='A.P. Moller - Maersk website' />
=== Svitzer ===
Svitzer was founded as a salvage client in 1833 before entering the towing business in 1870. Svitzer became majority owned by Maersk in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-24|title=Big wins: towage provider Svitzer Australia awarded two major contracts|url=https://www.shippingaustralia.com.au/big-wins-towage-provider-svitzer-australia-awarded-two-major-contracts/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Shipping Australia|language=en-AU|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082756/https://www.shippingaustralia.com.au/big-wins-towage-provider-svitzer-australia-awarded-two-major-contracts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=https://svitzer.com/who-we-are/about-us/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Svitzer|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082756/https://svitzer.com/who-we-are/about-us/|url-status=live}}</ref> Svitzer has continued to grow, including through purchasing the tugboat operations of [[Adelaide Steamship Company#Tug boat operations|Adsteam]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Hopkins|first=Philip|date=2006-07-04|title=Adsteam shares make waves after great Dane's $693m takeover bid|url=https://www.theage.com.au/business/adsteam-shares-make-waves-after-great-danes-693m-takeover-bid-20060704-ge2n5o.html|access-date=2022-01-27|website=The Age|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082754/https://www.theage.com.au/business/adsteam-shares-make-waves-after-great-danes-693m-takeover-bid-20060704-ge2n5o.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and it now has a fleet of over 400 tugs, line handlers and other vessels. The company provides harbour and terminal towage services in over 100 ports and 20 oil and gas terminals across the globe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Svitzer |url=http://www.svitzer.com/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101183308/http://www.svitzer.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2022, Svitzer operated a fleet of 110 vessels in seven ports and 11 terminals across 12 countries in Svitzer operates in the Africa, Middle East & Asia regions.<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-01-25|title=Svitzer to keep servicing Suez Canal with two new tugs|url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/svitzer-to-keep-servicing-suez-canal/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Offshore Energy|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082755/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/svitzer-to-keep-servicing-suez-canal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2022-01-24|title=Svitzer AMEA extends contract with Suez Canal Authority – two additional tugs to join the existing fleet|url=https://svitzer.com/svitzer-amea-extends-contract-with-suez-canal-authority-two-additional-tugs-to-join-the-existing-fleet/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Svitzer|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082755/https://svitzer.com/svitzer-amea-extends-contract-with-suez-canal-authority-two-additional-tugs-to-join-the-existing-fleet/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In February 2024, Maersk’s Board of Directors demerged APMM’s Svitzer's towage and marine services operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prevljak |first=Naida Hakirevic |date=2024-02-08 |title=Maersk bids farewell to towage unit Svitzer after more than 40 years |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/maersk-bids-farewell-to-towage-unit-svitzer-after-more-than-40-years/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref> APMM transferred shares of Svitzer A/S and its subsidiaries, along with related assets and liabilities, to a newly created entity named Svitzer Group A/S. The shares of Svitzer Group were subsequently listed on [[Nasdaq Copenhagen|Nasdaq Copenhagen A/S]].
The distribution of Svitzer Group shares to APMM shareholders was agreed at an exceptional general meeting. As a result, APMM’s shareholders received shares in Svitzer Group in addition to their existing APMM holdings. Trading of Svitzer Group shares on Nasdaq Copenhagen began on 30 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=Nasdaq Copenhagen welcomes Svitzer Group A/S to Nasdaq Copenhagen Main Market |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/nasdaq-copenhagen-welcomes-svitzer-group-a-s-to-nasdaq-copenhagen-main-market-2024-04 |access-date=7 October 2024 |website=Nasdaq Copenhagen}}</ref>
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=== Damco ===
Damco was the combined brand of the Maersk Group's logistics activities, previously known as Maersk Logistics and Damco.<ref name="ANR">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2008 |url=http://investor.maersk.com/system/files-encrypted/nasdaq_kms/assets/2012/06/14/4-00-15/UK_APM_Beretning-08_Internet.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214204215/http://investor.maersk.com/system/files-encrypted/nasdaq_kms/assets/2012/06/14/4-00-15/UK_APM_Beretning-08_Internet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 14, 2019 |access-date=2009-07-20 |website=shareholders.maersk.com }}</ref> As of 2008, Damco had 10,800 employees in offices in more than 93 countries.<ref name="ANR" /> and was involved in supply chain management and [[freight forwarder|freight forwarding]] all over the world. In September 2019, Maersk announced that they would dissolve the Damco brand and integrate their remaining activities after initially merging Maersk Line and Damco at the beginning of 2019, when the freight forwarding business of Damco stayed separate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maersk's latest reshuffle dissolves Damco, integrates air and LCL|url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/maersk-reshuffle-air-lcl-damco-safmarine/584481/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Supply Chain Dive|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210015107/https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/maersk-reshuffle-air-lcl-damco-safmarine/584481/|url-status=live}}</ref> The dissolving of the Damco brand was completed by the end of 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Damco is gone. Where do Maersk, freight forwarders and shippers go from here?|url=https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/damco-maersk-ocean-shipping-container-freight-forwarding/593142/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Supply Chain Dive|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210015106/https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/damco-maersk-ocean-shipping-container-freight-forwarding/593142/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Spun-off energy companies ==
=== Maersk Oil ===
{{Main|Maersk Oil}}
Maersk Oil (Danish: Mærsk Olie og Gas A/S) was established in 1962<ref>{{Citation |title=Maersk Oil Reports Fire at its Platform Offshore Qatar |date=21 April 2011 |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/maersk-oil-reports-fire-at-its-platform-offshore-qatar/ |work=Offshore Energy |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125102513/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/maersk-oil-reports-fire-at-its-platform-offshore-qatar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> when Maersk was awarded a concession for oil and gas exploration and production in the Danish sector of the North Sea. Maersk Oil is engaged in exploring and producing oil and gas in many parts of the world. Total oil production is more than 600,000 barrels per day (95,000&nbsp;m³/d) and gas production is up to some 1&nbsp;billion cubic feet (28,000,000&nbsp;m³) per day. Most of this production is from the [[North Sea]], from both the Danish and British sectors, but there is also production in offshore Qatar, Algeria and Kazakhstan.
In addition to the above-mentioned producing sites, Maersk Oil is involved in exploration activities in Danish, British, Dutch and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea, Qatar, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Angola, Gulf of Mexico (US sector), Turkmenistan, Oman, Morocco, Brazil, Colombia and Suriname. Most of these activities are not 100% owned but are via membership in a consortium. The company developed production techniques for complex environments (The North Sea, etc.) and drilling techniques that extract oil from problematic underground conditions.
Oil and gas activities provided A .P. Moller–Maersk with 22% of its revenue and 68% of its profit in 2008.<ref name="ANR" /> On 21 August 2017, A. P. Møller - Mærsk A/S announced the signing of an agreement to sell Mærsk Olie og Gas A/S to [[Total S.A.]] for US$7.45&nbsp; billion in a combined share and debt transaction.<ref>{{Citation |title=Total S.A. to acquire Mærsk Olie og Gas A/S |date=21 August 2017 |url=https://www.maersk.com/press/press-release-archive/20170821-total-to-acquire-maersk-oil |publisher=Maersk |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119152626/https://maersk.com/press/press-release-archive/20170821-total-to-acquire-maersk-oil |url-status=live }}</ref> The transaction was subject to regulatory and competition approval and was closed on 8 March 2018,<ref>{{Citation |title=A.P. Moller - Maersk has today completed the sale of Maersk Oil to Total |date=8 March 2018 |url=https://www.maersk.com/press/press-release-archive/a-p-moller-maersk-has-today-completed-the-sale-of-maersk-oil-to-total |publisher=Maersk |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323220251/https://www.maersk.com/press/press-release-archive/a-p-moller-maersk-has-today-completed-the-sale-of-maersk-oil-to-total |url-status=live }}</ref> when Maersk Oil became a part of Total.
=== Maersk Drilling ===
{{Main|Maersk Drilling}}
Maersk Drilling supports global oil and gas production by providing high-efficiency drilling services to oil companies worldwide.<ref name="maerskdrilling.com">{{cite web |title=/Images/Vessel |url=http://www.maerskdrilling.com/ |access-date=14 December 2016 |website=maerskdrilling.com |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224185041/https://www.maerskdrilling.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The company owns 24 rigs and its fleet consists of six Ultra-Harsh [[jack-up]]s, four XL Enhanced jack-ups (including one new build which is set for delivery in late 2016), four Harsh jack-ups, two Premium jack-up, four [[semi-submersible]]s and four Ultra deepwater [[drillships]].<ref name="maerskdrilling.com" /> Maersk Drilling is, among others, a market leader in the Norwegian jack-up market with a market share of 7 out of 12 rigs {{as of|2016}}. Maersk Drilling merged with [[Noble Corporation]] in 2022, the transaction was completed on October 3.<ref>{{Cite press release |last=plc |first=Noble Corporation |title=Noble and Maersk Drilling Close Business Combination, Creating a New and Dynamic Leader in Offshore Drilling |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/noble-and-maersk-drilling-close-business-combination-creating-a-new-and-dynamic-leader-in-offshore-drilling-301638639.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>
=== Maersk Supply Service ===
[[File:2017-10-07 01 MAERSK DISPATCHER - IMO 9298909 in St. John's NL CAN.jpg|thumb|Offshore platform supply vessel (PSV), ''Maersk Dispatcher'', entering the Narrows at St. John's Harbor, Newfoundland, Canada]]
Maersk Supply Service provides anchor handling, towage of drilling rigs and platforms, and supply service to the offshore industry. By 2021, the fleet consisted of 41 vessels, including anchor handling tug supply vessels (AHTS), subsea support vessels (SSV) and platform supply vessels (PSV).<ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet |url=https://www.maersksupplyservice.com/fleet/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=maersksupplyservice.com |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121063608/https://www.maersksupplyservice.com/fleet/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2024, it was announced that [[Norway]]’s [https://www.dof.com/ DOF Group] would acquire Maersk Supply Service for approximately $1.1 billion to consolidate its offshore service sector further, focusing on the oil and gas sector.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/dof-buys-maersk-supply-service-for-1-1b-creating-large-offshore-provider#:~:text=The%20Maritime%20Executive-,DOF%20Buys%20Maersk%20Supply%20Service%20for%20%241.1,Maersk%20Spins%2DOff%20Wind%20Business&text=Norway%27s%20DOF%20Group%20will%20pay,just%20a%20year%20after%20A.P. | title=DOF Buys Maersk Supply Service for $1.1B and Maersk Spins-Off Wind Business }}</ref>
== Maersk Integration ==
=== Maersk Line, Limited ===
Maersk Line, Limited (MLL) is a US-based subsidiary of A.P. Moller–Maersk Group, which owns and operates a fleet of [[flag state|US-flag vessels]] providing the [[U.S. Federal Government]] and their contractors with multimodal transportation and logistics services. A Virginia-based organization, MLL manages the world's largest fleet of internationally traded US-flagged vessels.
Maersk Line paid $31.9 million in fines to the U.S. in 2012, following a [[United States Department of Justice|US Department of Justice]] investigation contending that Maersk had "knowingly overcharged the [[Department of Defense]] to transport thousands of containers from ports to inland delivery destinations in [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]]" while under government contract to transport cargo via container ships in support of U.S. troops.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk Line to Pay Us $31.9 Million to Resolve False Claims Allegations for Inflated Shipping Costs to Military in Afghanistan and Iraq |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/maersk-line-pay-us-319-million-resolve-false-claims-allegations-inflated-shipping-costs |website=[[United States Department of Justice]] |access-date=23 June 2021 |language=en |date=3 January 2012 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513063335/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/maersk-line-pay-us-319-million-resolve-false-claims-allegations-inflated-shipping-costs |url-status=live }}</ref>
The [[Red Sea crisis]] had a significant impact on shipping, from November 2023 onward; in May 2024, Maersk estimated the impact as a capacity loss of 15–20 percent across the merchant shipping industry, based on its  [[Fiscal year|FY]] second quarter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Capacity loss of 15-20% on Far East to North Europe and Mediterranean market due to Red Sea crisis: Maersk |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/maerks-suffers-capacity-loss-of-15-20-due-to-red-sea-crisis/article68154742.ece |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
=== ex MCC transport ===
MCC Transport hosts containerized cargo services in the intra-Asia market. The company was later renamed Sealand-Asia.
[[File:Safmarine Nokwanda p02 approaching Port of Rotterdam, Holland 20-May-2007.jpg|thumb|Safmarine Nokwanda]]
=== ex Seago Line ===
Seago Line is a subsidiary shipping line which serves ports in the Mediterranean region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seago Line |url=http://www.seagoline.com/ |access-date=10 January 2013 |publisher=Seago Line A/S |archive-date=9 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109022254/http://www.seagoline.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The company is now Sealand- Europe and Mediterranean.
=== ex Safmarine ===
[[Safmarine]] is an independently operated shipping company in the A. P. Moller–Maersk Group with roots in Africa. It operates a fleet of over 40 container vessels and 20 multi-purpose vessels (MPVs).<ref>A. P. Møller – Mærsk A/S annual report 2008</ref> The company has five container vessels and four MPVs on order for delivery in 2009–2011.{{update inline|date=December 2014}}<ref name="MT">{{cite web |title=Maersk Tanker's |url=http://www.maersktankers.com/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=Maersk |archive-date=19 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219124116/http://www.maersktankers.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2020, it was announced that the Safmarine brand would be integrated into Maersk.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 September 2020|title=A.P. Moller - Maersk announces changes in Ocean & Logistics to enhance customer experience|url=https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2020/09/01/ap-moller-maersk-announces-changes-in-ocean-and-logistics-to-enhance-customer-experience|access-date=19 May 2021|website=Maersk|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519115310/https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2020/09/01/ap-moller-maersk-announces-changes-in-ocean-and-logistics-to-enhance-customer-experience|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== ex Sealand ===
[[SeaLand]], branded "Sealand – A Maersk Company", is an American regional maritime and logistics operator. It has been part of A. P. Moller - Maersk since 1999.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=Terry |title=Finally, a Deal... Moller Buys International Liner Services |url=https://www.joc.com/finally-deal-moller-buys-international-liner-services_19990722.html |access-date=20 June 2022 |work=Journal of Commerce |date=22 July 1999 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620102027/https://www.joc.com/finally-deal-moller-buys-international-liner-services_19990722.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maersk Sealand ready to operate |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/archive19982004/1999/December/marketplace/ready.html |work=The Namibian |date=16 December 1999 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327194752/https://www.namibian.com.na/archive19982004/1999/December/marketplace/ready.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wastler |first1=Allen |title=CSX sells shipping unit to Maersk |url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/07/22/deals/csx/ |work=CNN Money |date=22 July 1999 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815110436/https://money.cnn.com/1999/07/22/deals/csx/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Sealand name was phased out in 2009,<ref>{{cite news |title=Container ships: Maersk to revive Sealand name |url=https://shipsmonthly.com/news/container-ships-maersk-to-revive-sealand-name/ |work=Ships Monthly |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203183844/http://shipsmonthly.com/news/container-ships-maersk-to-revive-sealand-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but revived as a separate brand in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berman |first1=Jeff |title=Maersk to bring back SeaLand brand for new intra-Americas service |url=https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/maersk_to_bring_back_sealand_brand_for_new_intra_americas_service |work=Logistics Management |date=9 January 2014 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327194804/https://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/maersk_to_bring_back_sealand_brand_for_new_intra_americas_service |url-status=live }}</ref> After focussing on intermodal services between North, Central and South America, in 2018 it was merged with other Maersk intra-regional brands MCC Transport and Seago Lines to cover European, Mediterranean, and Intra-Asian markets.<ref>{{cite news |last1=van Marle |first1=Gavin |title=Maersk confirms merger of MCC Transport Seago and Sealand |url=https://theloadstar.com/maersk-confirms-merger-mcc-transport-seago-sealand/ |work=The Loadstar |date=21 September 2018 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927170527/https://theloadstar.com/maersk-confirms-merger-mcc-transport-seago-sealand/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maersk announces a new brand |url=https://www.themeditelegraph.com/en/shipping/2018/09/24/news/maersk-announces-a-new-brand-1.38081945 |work=themeditelegraph.com |date=24 September 2018 |language=it-IT |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327194806/https://www.themeditelegraph.com/en/shipping/2018/09/24/news/maersk-announces-a-new-brand-1.38081945 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2023 it was decided to unify the Maersk brands and integrate the Sealand brand into Maersk. Over the course of 2023 all Sealand business was integrated with Maersk, and in December 2023 the Sealand brand ceased to exist.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/maersk-to-integrate-hamburg-sud-and-sealand-brands/ | title=Maersk to integrate Hamburg Süd and Sealand brands | date=30 January 2023 }}</ref>
=== Maersk Global Service Center ===
Maersk GSC operates shared service centres that handle back office and off-shore activities for AP Moller Maersk Group. GSCs are in Chennai, Mumbai, Pune, Bengaluru, Chengdu, and Metro Manila, with new GSCs to be opened in Mexico and Brazil to support Americas customers.
=== Tankers, offshore and other shipping activities ===
Tankers, offshore and other shipping activities" accounted for 8.8% of Maersk's revenue in 2008 and posted 25% of the group's profit for this period. The business segment comprises Maersk Tankers (its technical management business sold to Synergy Marine Group in 2021),<ref>{{cite web|title=Maersk Tankers to sell its technical management business to Synergy|url=https://www.ship-technology.com/news/maersk-tankers-synergy/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.ship-technology.com|date=24 September 2021|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026033301/https://www.ship-technology.com/news/maersk-tankers-synergy/|url-status=live}}</ref> Maersk Supply Service, [[Maersk Drilling]], Maersk FPSOs, Maersk LNG and Svitzer.<ref name="ANR" />
=== South American ex Aliança ===
[[File:Aliança Europa - IMO 9000742 - Callsign PPSV, Port of Rotterdam 20-Jun-2006.jpg|thumb|Aliança]]
Brazilian coaster [[container ship]] subsidiary with eight ships.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alianca.com.br/noticias | title=Aliança &#124; News | access-date=2023-02-26 | archive-date=2023-03-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327194816/https://www.alianca.com.br/noticias | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.alianca.com.br/our-fleet | title=Aliança &#124; Our fleet | access-date=2022-06-26 | archive-date=2021-11-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129045310/https://www.alianca.com.br/our-fleet | url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Ardent ===
Ardent Salvage, a joint-operating salvage company formed after the merger between Maersk-operated Svitzer and Crowley-operated TITAN Salvage, is involved in towage, salvage, wreck removal, marine firefighting and other offshore support and is represented in more than 100 ports worldwide. Ardent is based in Houston, Texas.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barnard |first=Bruce |date=21 April 2015 |title=Maersk, Crowley merge salvage businesses into Houston-based group |url=http://www.joc.com/maritime-news/maersk-crowley-merge-salvage-businesses-houston-based-group_20150421.html |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=joc.com |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620215753/http://www.joc.com/maritime-news/maersk-crowley-merge-salvage-businesses-houston-based-group_20150421.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Svitzer Bust.jpg|thumb|Bust in Copenhagen]]
=== KGH ===
Acquired in 2020, KGH is a European customs and trade solutions provider, including customs broker services and software application development. The KGH brand is now migrated into Maersk Customs Services.
=== Retail activity ===
{{Main|Dansk Supermarked A/S}}
The company formerly owned a stake in [[Dansk Supermarked Group]] which operates stores under the brands: [[Bilka]] (hypermarket), [[Føtex]] (supermarket, department store), [[Salling (department store)]] and [[Netto (store)|Netto]] (discount supermarket).<ref name="ANR" />
=== Maersk Training ===
Maersk Training provides specialist training to specific industries. The 2010 merger of Maersk Training Centre and Svitzer Safety Services broadened a portfolio of courses to include the maritime, oil and gas terminals, and wind power industries.
With Headquarters in Svendborg, the MT Group global locations include Aberdeen and Newcastle in the UK, Esbjerg in Denmark, Stavanger in Norway, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, Chennai & Mumbai in India, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 November 2017 |title=Maersk Training Group - Worldwide Offshore, Maritime, Oil & Gas Training |url=http://www.edumaritime.com/europe/northern-europe/denmark/maersk-training-group-worldwide |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=edumaritime.net |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010044/http://www.edumaritime.com/europe/northern-europe/denmark/maersk-training-group-worldwide |url-status=live }}</ref> New centres include Houston, United States and Dubai, United Arab Emirates which is also the Middle Eastern hub.
In October 2023, Maersk Training bought the Norwegian company ResQ, a supplier of safety training and emergency preparedness.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk training begins rebranding of Norway's ResQ acquisition |date=23 October 2023 |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/recruitment-training/maersk-training-begins-rebranding-norways-resq-acquisition |publisher=SeatradeMaritim |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
=== Star Air ===
[[Star Air (Maersk Air)|Star Air]] operated 11 leased [[Boeing 767]] cargo aircraft, primarily engaged in long-term contract flying for [[United Parcel Service]] (UPS) in Europe.<ref name="ANR" />
The Maersk corporate aircraft, a [[Gulfstream 450]], was also operated by Star Air. In August 2022, Star Air became part of Maersk Air Cargo.<ref>https://breakbulk.com/Articles/maersk-launches-air-cargo-wing {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
In 2023 Maersk announced the inaugural flight of a new air freight service with scheduled flights between [[Billund, Denmark|Billund]], Denmark (BLL) and [[Hangzhou|Hangzhou, China]] (HGH) - the first scheduled air cargo operation between Denmark and Asia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theloadstar.com/billund-sees-launch-of-maersk-air-china-link-a-start-up-on-steroids/ | title=Billund sees launch of Maersk Air China link – 'a start-up on steroids' | date=20 March 2023 }}</ref> The Eurasia operation began 20 March with three weekly flights on the first of three newly converted [[Boeing]] [[Boeing 767|767-300]] freighters that were recently added to the fleet of Maersk Air Cargo.
In July 2024,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/maersk-air-cargo-takes-delivery-of-first-777f/ | title=Maersk Air Cargo takes delivery of first 777F | date=12 July 2024 }}</ref> Maersk took delivery of the first of two new Boeing 777F aircraft, which it will operate on its route from Billund to Hangzhou.
=== European Rail Shuttle B.V. ===
{{Main|European Rail Shuttle B.V.}}
In August 2013, Freightliner Group announced the acquisition of a leading European intermodal rail operator and railway undertaking, ERS Railways B.V., from Maersk Line. ERS Railways B.V. is a railway transport company headquartered in Rotterdam that provides cargo transport, mostly ISO [[Intermodal container|shipping containers]].
=== World Robot Olympiad ===
{{Main|World Robot Olympiad}}
World Robot Olympiad is a robotic competition headquartered in Singapore. Maersk Oil is currently a Gold sponsor of this event.
=== Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping ===
A group of leading industry players are taking the next step to develop new fuel types and technologies by launching the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2020 |title=Mærsk leads the way for zero carbon shipping |publisher=Global Cargo News |url=https://www.globalcargonews.com/maersk-leads-the-way-for-zero-carbon-shipping |url-status=dead |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629200539/https://www.globalcargonews.com/maersk-leads-the-way-for-zero-carbon-shipping |archive-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>
== Maersk and Danish climate targets ==
A.P. Møller-Maersk company accounts for over 80% of the Danish top 30 companies' emissions of [[carbon dioxide]] from operations. Mærsk has increased [[Emission intensity|emissions]] by 2% since 2019, with a total of 37 [[million]] [[tonne]]s in 2021. The company presented plans to be [[Carbon neutrality|CO<sub>2</sub> neutral]] as early as 2040.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Martini |first1=Jakob |last2=Raastrup |first2=Nicolai |date=2022-08-02 |title=Mens Europa brænder, tager danske erhvervskæmper et vigtigt skridt i klimakampen |url=https://finans.dk/erhverv/ECE14188866/mens-europa-braender-tager-danske-erhvervskaemper-vigtige-skridt-i-klimakampen/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Finans |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170902/https://finans.dk/erhverv/ECE14188866/mens-europa-braender-tager-danske-erhvervskaemper-vigtige-skridt-i-klimakampen/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Since the Danish [[Climate change|climate]] targets of a 70 per cent CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in 2030 are [[Territory|territorial]] based, [[Emission intensity|emissions]] from foreign shipping and [[aviation]] from Danish [[port]]s and [[airport]]s, and internationally, are not counted, as the responsibility lies with the [[United Nations|UN's]] organizations for aviation ([[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]]) and shipping ([[International Maritime Organization|IMO]]). However, IMO has committed to halving the industry's [[Greenhouse gas emissions|greenhouse-gas emissions]] by 2050, and because 80% of [[International trade|global trade]] (around 11 billion tonnes) is transported by sea each year, global shipping generated about 1,000 million tonnes (3%) of carbon dioxide emissions in 2018.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Negenborn |first1=Rudy R. |last2=Goerlandt |first2=Floris |last3=Johansen |first3=Tor A. |last4=Slaets |first4=Peter |last5=Valdez Banda |first5=Osiris A. |last6=Vanelslander |first6=Thierry |last7=Ventikos |first7=Nikolaos P. |date=2023 |title=Autonomous ships are on the horizon: here's what we need to know |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=615 |issue=7950 |pages=30–33 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00557-5|pmid=36849644 |bibcode=2023Natur.615...30N |s2cid=257208794 |doi-access=free }}</ref> From territorial based point of view, the Maersk fleet is not obliged to make reductions,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Klimarådet dumper regeringens klimaindsats. Igen |url=https://www.information.dk/indland/2022/02/klimaraadet-dumper-regeringens-klimaindsats-igen |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Information |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913120300/https://www.information.dk/indland/2022/02/klimaraadet-dumper-regeringens-klimaindsats-igen |url-status=live }}</ref> but instead pay through slightly higher taxes from the emissions to a [[Investment fund|fund]] based on [[Carbon tax|taxes]] from the fleets use of [[Heavy fuel oil|bunker fuel]], which will be able to compensate and finance climate measures, a concept developed by the [[Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities (Denmark)|Ministry of Climate]] and the [[Danish Maritime Authority]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=maj 2009 |first1=Lørdag d 16 |last2=maj 2009 |first2=kl 07 00 Del denne artikel Del denne artikel Opdateret fredag d 15 |last3=Kl. 20.01 |date=2009-05-16 |title=Rederier accepterer afgift på beskidt brændstof |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/268143 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918100913/https://www.berlingske.dk/virksomheder/rederier-accepterer-afgift-paa-beskidt-braendstof |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/unsystem/index.php?page=view&type=6&nr=272&menu=1442&template=375 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913120302/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/unsystem/index.php?page=view&type=6&nr=272&menu=1442&template=375 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Maritime Organization |url=https://www.ungm.org/Shared/KnowledgeCenter/Pages/IMO |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.ungm.org |archive-date=2022-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913123304/https://www.ungm.org/Shared/KnowledgeCenter/Pages/IMO |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2008, it was calculated by the DK Group that the Maersk fleet together [[Exhaust gas|released]] just over one [[million]] [[tonne]]s of [[sulfur dioxide]] SO<sub>2</sub> per year from the fleets use of [[Heavy fuel oil|bunker fuel]], and at the time until 2014, when China Shipping Lanes took over by one meter and 20 [[Percentage|percent]] less [[Fuel oil|fuel]] emissions,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolby |first=Mads |date=2014-09-18 |title=Mærsk slået - Verdens største skib er nu kinesisk |url=https://stiften.dk/artikel/m%C3%A6rsk-sl%C3%A5et-verdens-st%C3%B8rste-skib-er-nu-kinesisk-2014-9-18(4) |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=stiften.dk |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914133648/https://stiften.dk/artikel/m%C3%A6rsk-sl%C3%A5et-verdens-st%C3%B8rste-skib-er-nu-kinesisk-2014-9-18(4) |url-status=live }}</ref> the world's largest container ship Emma Mærsk emits SO<sub>2</sub> equivalent to 50 million cars.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Djursing 20 |first=Af Thomas |date=2008-02-07 |title=Mærsk udleder lige så meget svovldioxid som ni milliarder biler |url=https://ing.dk/artikel/maersk-udleder-lige-sa-meget-svovldioxid-som-ni-milliarder-biler-85460 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Ingeniøren |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913132020/https://ing.dk/artikel/maersk-udleder-lige-sa-meget-svovldioxid-som-ni-milliarder-biler-85460 |url-status=live }}</ref>
"''These are figures that are publicly available. But they have probably not really come to light because shipping has been totally [[Free market|unregulated]]. But when the biggest ships sail out, you have to imagine that 50 million cars will follow,"'' says Jørn Winkler, founder of DK Group. For example, there are filters that remove virtually all sulfur dioxide and [[nitrogen]], but the price of a filter for a large container ship is [[Danish krone|DKK]] 25 [[1,000,000|million]]. By comparison, Maersk uses approximately DKK 46 [[billion]] worth of [[Fuel oil|fuel]] per year (expenses deducted as a [[cost]] in [[Corporate tax|company tax]] calculations), and ''"In the past 20 years, it has been possible to remove the particles from the ships' [[Exhaust gas|exhaust fumes]], but the will to do something is lacking,''" says Jørn Winkler in 2008.<ref name=":2" />
The [[Danish Ministry of the Environment]] has in 2009 initiated an action plan, where the requirement is that [[Sulfur oxide|SOx]] and [[NOx]] must be reduced using [[desulfurization]] plants, the so-called [[scrubber]]s, to build into the ships' [[chimney]] systems,<ref name=":0" />  where the smoke gets showered to benefit the [[Air pollution|air]], but researchers at the Department of Aquatic Resources, [[Technical University of Denmark|DTU]] Aqua, find that this pollution, by a lot of [[heavy metals]] and [[tar]] substances, so-called polycyclic hydrocarbons ([[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon|PAHs]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ytreberg |first1=Erik |last2=Hansson |first2=Katarina |last3=Hermansson |first3=Anna Lunde |last4=Parsmo |first4=Rasmus |last5=Lagerström |first5=Maria |last6=Jalkanen |first6=Jukka-Pekka |last7=Hassellöv |first7=Ida-Maja |date=2022-09-01 |title=Metal and PAH loads from ships and boats, relative other sources, in the Baltic Sea |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X22005860 |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |language=en |volume=182 |pages=113904 |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113904 |pmid=35878478 |bibcode=2022MarPB.18213904Y |s2cid=250995887 |issn=0025-326X |hdl=10138/346695 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104305/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X22005860 |url-status=live }}</ref> are moved from the [[Bunker fuel|fuel]] into the sea instead, and thereby also poses a danger to the [[Marine habitats|marine environment]], as heavy metals do not break down and are taken up by [[plankton]], from where they travel further up through the [[food chain]] - right up to [[fish]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-13 |title=Skibsrøg får brusebad til gavn for luften, men forurening ender i havet |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/bornholm/skibsroeg-faar-brusebad-til-gavn-luften-men-forurening-ender-i-havet |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213175935/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/regionale/bornholm/skibsroeg-faar-brusebad-til-gavn-luften-men-forurening-ender-i-havet |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Environmentalist]] organizations however believe that the shipping companies have installed scrubbers on their ships so that they can continue to sail on cheap heavy bunker oil, which contains many environmentally harmful substances.<ref name=":3" />
In 2023, Maersk became the first in the shipping industry to have its 2030 and 2040 targets<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.maersk.com/sustainability/our-esg-priorities/climate-change | title=Climate change }}</ref> validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) in alignment with a 1.5°C and net zero pathway under SBTi’s new maritime industry guidance.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://safety4sea.com/sbti-validates-maersks-emission-reduction-targets/ | title=SBTi validates Maersk's emission reduction targets | date=9 February 2024 }}</ref> These new targets include specific sub-targets for [[scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions]] and will replace previous targets announced in early 2022.
=== Maersk and tonnage taxation ===
[[Denmark]] is the world's 11th largest flag state based on [[gross tonnage]] (the indication of a ship's size, ed.) in 2022, and the shipping companies account for approximately one-fifth of Denmark's total exports. According to the industry association [[Danish Shipowners' Association|Danish shipping]], the latest figure for Danish-flagged ships is 779 ships with a total tonnage of 23.24 million gross registered tonnes,<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Dahlin |first=Ulrik |date=2022 |title=Selv om danske rederier kan se frem til en formidabel indtjening, får de millioner i statsstøtte |work=Information |url=https://www.information.dk/indland/2022/01/danske-rederier-kan-se-frem-formidabel-indtjening-faar-millioner-statsstoette |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214190733/https://www.information.dk/indland/2022/01/danske-rederier-kan-se-frem-formidabel-indtjening-faar-millioner-statsstoette |url-status=live }}</ref> out of more than 50,000 merchant ships that trade internationally, under the flags of 150 nations.<ref name=":9" />
Shipping companies in Denmark have a unique tax scheme – [[tonnage tax]], which has been in force since 2001 to keep the shipping companies on Danish soil. Tonnage tax means that shipping companies pay a fixed tax or charge per ship, and the amount is thus not affected by the company's profit. With the tonnage tax, the shipping companies avoid the classic [[Corporate tax|corporation tax]] of 22 per cent, which other companies must pay. On top of that, Maersk receives an unknown amount of [[Subsidy|state aid]] through the so-called DIS scheme, which allows the shipping company to pay tax-free [[salary]] to the [[Crewman|crews]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Newspaper |first=Information |date=2022 |title=Det er helt forrykt, at Mærsk med danmarkshistoriens største overskud betaler bagateller i skat |url=https://www.information.dk/indland/leder/2022/02/helt-forrykt-maersk-danmarkshistoriens-stoerste-overskud-betaler-bagateller-skat |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214190734/https://www.information.dk/indland/leder/2022/02/helt-forrykt-maersk-danmarkshistoriens-stoerste-overskud-betaler-bagateller-skat |url-status=live }}</ref> and thereby the tax saved then accrues to the shipping companies as state aid in the form of lower labor costs, which for the four years 2017–2020 are calculated at DKK 925, 925, 1,050 and 1,100 million respectively.<ref name=":5" />
The tax scheme means that in 2021, Maersk should pay around 4% of a record-breaking [[earnings]] of about 16,08 [[1,000,000,000|billion]] [[United States dollar|USD]] (117.5 [[1,000,000,000|billion]] [[Danish krone]]r) before tax,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=september 2022 |first1=Lørdag d 03 |last2=artikel |first2=kl 05 32 Del denne artikel Del denne |date=2022-09-03 |title=SF vil pålægge Mærsk en særskat og uddele større skattefri check |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/1671127 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918100914/https://www.berlingske.dk/politik/sf-vil-paalaegge-maersk-en-saerskat-og-uddele-stoerre-skattefri-check |url-status=live }}</ref> but in reality paid 100.66 million US$ (697 million DKK) or 0.6 percent in tax to Denmark in 2021, according to the company's annual accounts,<ref>{{Cite web |last=A.P. |first=Møller - Mærsk A/S |date=2022 |title=2021 Annual Report |url=https://investor.maersk.com/static-files/b4df47ef-3977-412b-8e3c-bc2f02bb4a5f |access-date=2022-10-27 |archive-date=2022-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203043241/https://investor.maersk.com/static-files/b4df47ef-3977-412b-8e3c-bc2f02bb4a5f |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Henriksen |first=Thomas Bernt |date=2022-09-18 |title=Mærsk tjener 200 milliarder – skulle vi ikke bare være taknemmelige? |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/1674265 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918101416/https://www.berlingske.dk/kommentar/maersk-tjener-200-milliarder-skulle-vi-ikke-bare-vaere-taknemmelige |url-status=live }}</ref> and much lower than the shipping company itself states in its published tax returns. The profit was expected to be [[Danish krone|DKK]] 270&nbsp;billion in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Politik |first=Ritzau |date=2022-09-03 |title=SF vil pålægge Mærsk en særskat og uddele større skattefri check |url=https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/politik/sf-vil-paalaegge-maersk-en-saerskat-og-uddele-stoerre-skattefri-check/3408216 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=www.nordjyske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171753/https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/politik/sf-vil-paalaegge-maersk-en-saerskat-og-uddele-stoerre-skattefri-check/3408216 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=Vil ændre reglerne: Mærsk skovler milliarder ind, men slipper med minimal skat |url=https://fagbladet3f.dk/artikel/maersk-skovler-milliarder-ind-men-slipper-med-minimal-skat |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=Fagbladet 3F |language=da |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171816/https://fagbladet3f.dk/artikel/maersk-skovler-milliarder-ind-men-slipper-med-minimal-skat |url-status=live }}</ref> but ended to be 203 billion DKK in profit, and thought to pay the equivalent of three percent in tax (6.09 billion DDK),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-08 |title=A.P. Møller-Mærsk præsenterer det største overskud i dansk erhvervshistorie |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/ap-moeller-maersk-praesenterer-det-stoerste-overskud-i-dansk-erhvervshistorie |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214135059/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/ap-moeller-maersk-praesenterer-det-stoerste-overskud-i-dansk-erhvervshistorie |url-status=live }}</ref> but in reality by Maersk tax statement for 2022, the tax payment in Denmark is calculated at 0.7 percent, but according to finance calculations, it suggests that the real share that ends up in the Danish [[treasury]], will be less than 0.2 percent, according to [[Berlingske]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=M |last2=Februar 2023 |first2=Ag D. 13 |last3=m |first3=kl 23 10 Del denne artikel Del denne artikel Opdateret |last4=Februar 2023 |first4=Ag D. 13 |last5=Kl. 22.56 |date=2023-02-13 |title=Medie: Mærsk betalte 0,27 procent i skat til Danmark i 2021 |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/1706883 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918101417/https://www.berlingske.dk/business/medie-maersk-betalte-027-procent-i-skat-til-danmark-i-2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> But DKK 80 billion is calculated on its way to the [[shareholder]]s of Maersk, where 45.23 percent is owned by 82,000 different shareholders in Denmark and abroad.<ref name=":4" />
This compared to a [[Deficit spending|deficit]] of DKK 3&nbsp;billion in the company's accounts for the first half of 2009. – The first deficit in the group's history since [[World War II]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Jyske Bank: Mærsks forventninger er skuffende |url=https://jyskebank.tv/jyske-bank-maersks-forventninger-er-skuffende |language=da |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170533/https://jyskebank.tv/jyske-bank-maersks-forventninger-er-skuffende |url-status=live }}</ref> with an expected deficit for the whole of 2009 of DKK 10.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-21 |title=Elendigt Mærsk-regnskab truer - TV 2 |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2009-08-21-elendigt-maerskregnskab-truer |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=nyheder.tv2.dk |language=da-DK |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920165003/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2009-08-21-elendigt-maerskregnskab-truer |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Møller |first=A.P. |date=2009 |title=Årsrapport 2009 |url=https://investor.maersk.com/static-files/5d3dcfe0-1d0c-4450-a503-717de6c89b5c |website=A.P. Møller |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171117/https://investor.maersk.com/static-files/5d3dcfe0-1d0c-4450-a503-717de6c89b5c |url-status=live }}</ref>
To keep this lucrative taxation scheme, compared to classic [[Corporate tax|corporation]] tax, Maersk has met with the Ministry of Taxation and the Danish Maritime Authority and worked against a global minimum tax for the shipping industry with success,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-08 |title=Mærsk har modarbejdet at skulle betale mere i skat af overskud |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/maersk-har-modarbejdet-skulle-betale-mere-i-skat-af-overskud |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214133548/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/maersk-har-modarbejdet-skulle-betale-mere-i-skat-af-overskud |url-status=live }}</ref> as their [[Lobbying|lobby]] meetings helped to exempt shipping from a global tax agreement, as a major deal on minimum tax was adopted by 135 countries under the [[OECD]] in 2021, which must ensure that international companies pay more in tax and minimum 15 percent, but precisely the shipping industry was exempted from the agreement. These meetings happened even though Maersk said publicly that they were open to paying more taxes if it happened through a global agreement. A [[strategy]] defended by the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democratic]] [[Minister for Taxation (Denmark)|Minister for Taxation]] in 2023, 'Nothing abnormal' in that they have opposed global minimum tax.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-08 |title=Regeringen forsvarer Mærsk: 'Intet unormalt' i at de har modarbejdet global minimumsskat |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/regeringen-forsvarer-maersk-intet-unormalt-i-de-har-modarbejdet-global-minimumskat |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214132043/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/penge/regeringen-forsvarer-maersk-intet-unormalt-i-de-har-modarbejdet-global-minimumskat |url-status=live }}</ref>
To supply the Danish and international [[shipping companies]], [[Denmark]], even of its very small size of 43.094 [[Square kilometre|km<sup>2</sup>]] and a population of 5,932,654 in 2023, that by [[World Happiness Report]] in 2022 was voted as the world's second [[Happiness|happiest]] population,<ref name="videnskab.dk">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-27 |title=Hygge er årsag til, at Danmark dominerer listen over verdens lykkeligste folkefærd år efter år |url=https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/derfor-dominerer-danmark-listen-over-verdens-lykkeligste-folkefaerd-aar-efter-aar |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=videnskab.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225162927/https://videnskab.dk/kultur-samfund/derfor-dominerer-danmark-listen-over-verdens-lykkeligste-folkefaerd-aar-efter-aar |url-status=live }}</ref> and has been voted the world's happiest country several times due to [[N-Acylethanolamine|coziness]] or "[[hygge]]",<ref name="videnskab.dk"/> is also home country for several of the world's top 10 largest suppliers of [[Heavy fuel oil|bunker fuel]] and other [[Fuel oil|ship]] and aircraft fuels,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-17 |title=Bunker Holding trækker fra i toppen af verdens største bunkerleverandører |url=https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https%3A%2F%2Fshippingwatch.dk%2FVirksomheder%2Farticle12636103.ece |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=shippingwatch.dk |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405154229/https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https:/shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/article12636103.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=Monjasa løfter bunkersalg til rekordniveau i 2020 |url=https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https%3A%2F%2Fshippingwatch.dk%2FVirksomheder%2Farticle12897251.ece |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=shippingwatch.dk |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406021303/https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https:/shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/article12897251.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> like the earlier [[OW Bunker]], founded in 1980, was a [[Fuel oil#Bunker fuel|marine fuel]] (bunker) company based at [[Nørresundby]], near [[Aalborg]] in northern Denmark, that was the world's largest bunker supplier until its collapse on 7 November 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-05 |title=Hele fortællingen om OW Bunker: Fra børsdarling til kollaps |url=https://jyllands-posten.dk/jperhverv/ECE7334842/hele-fortaellingen-om-ow-bunker-fra-boersdarling-til-kollaps/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Jyllands-Posten |language=da |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225141215/https://jyllands-posten.dk/jperhverv/ECE7334842/hele-fortaellingen-om-ow-bunker-fra-boersdarling-til-kollaps/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyltoft |first=Vibe |date=2015-02-27 |title=Den store oprydning efter OW Bunker |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/447377 |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918101419/https://www.berlingske.dk/business/den-store-oprydning-efter-ow-bunker |url-status=live }}</ref> A lead now controlled by the Danish group Dan-Bunkering's owner company Bunker Holding, also known as Bunker Holding Group, and represented in 33 countries, is by 2022 the world's leading supplier and retailer of ship fuels, specializing since 1981 in the purchase, sale and delivery of fuel and [[lubricating oil]] for ships,<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Havne |first=Danske |date=2022-04-05 |title=Internationalt konsortium vil tilbyde bæredygtige skibsbrændstoffer på Bornholm i 2025 |url=https://danskehavne.dk/internationalt-konsortium-vil-tilbyde-baeredygtige-skibsbraendstoffer-paa-bornholm-i-2025/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Danske Havne |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225141214/https://danskehavne.dk/internationalt-konsortium-vil-tilbyde-baeredygtige-skibsbraendstoffer-paa-bornholm-i-2025/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but which on 14 December 2021 was convicted for [[Wrongdoing|violation]] of [[European Union|EU]] [[Sanctions against Syria|sanctions]] against supplies to [[Syrian civil war|Syria]], to protect the civilian population from attacks by [[bomber]]s, when the Danish billion worth [[company]], via agreements through its branch office in [[Kaliningrad]] in [[Russia]] with two Russian companies, Joint Stock Company Sovfracht and Maritime Assistance LLC, who were agents for the [[Russian Navy]], and at several occasions from higher levels was informed of there violation, delivered [[jet fuel]] under cover of darkness, [[Transshipment|transshipped]] from one ship to another on the high seas, for use by the [[Russian Armed Forces|Russian military]], a regular supplier for more than 30 years,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-03 |title=Bunkerfirmas egen jurachef advarede mod handler med jetbrændstof |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/bunkerfirmas-egen-jurachef-advarede-mod-handler-med-jetbraendstof |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174156/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/bunkerfirmas-egen-jurachef-advarede-mod-handler-med-jetbraendstof |url-status=live }}</ref> to use in the petrol tanks of Russian [[fighter aircraft]] that have been [[Strategic bombing|air raid]] [[Civilian casualties of strategic bombing|bombing]] [[Syria]] on behalf of [[Bashar al-Assad]],<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Dan-Bunkering, Bunker Holding og direktør dømt for at sælge brændstof til Syrien {{!}} Anklagemyndigheden |url=https://anklagemyndigheden.dk/da/dan-bunkering-bunker-holding-og-direktoer-doemt-saelge-braendstof-til-syrien |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=anklagemyndigheden.dk |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225141214/https://anklagemyndigheden.dk/da/dan-bunkering-bunker-holding-og-direktoer-doemt-saelge-braendstof-til-syrien |url-status=live }}</ref> with a fine of DKK 30 million for having sold 172,000 tonnes of jet fuel through 33 deals worth around DKK 648 million, and confiscation of the profit of around DKK 15 million and fined DKK four million, as well as a conditional discharge of four months in prison for the managing director of Bunker Holding, for having acted negligently, but not intentionally,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=Dansk firma idømt millionbøde: 'De må have indset, at jetbrændstoffet skulle anvendes af russisk militær i Syrien' |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/dansk-firma-idoemt-millionboede-de-maa-have-indset-jetbraendstoffet-skulle-anvendes |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225152723/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/dansk-firma-idoemt-millionboede-de-maa-have-indset-jetbraendstoffet-skulle-anvendes |url-status=live }}</ref> as Dan-Bunkering's owner company Bunker Holding was found guilty of participating in eight of the transactions, it was fined DKK four million, a sentence not [[appeal]]ed against by Dan-Bunkering and Bunker Holding,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Dømte i sag om Dan-Bunkering undlader at anke - TV 2 |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2021-12-29-domte-i-sag-om-dan-bunkering-undlader-at-anke |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=nyheder.tv2.dk |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225150123/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2021-12-29-domte-i-sag-om-dan-bunkering-undlader-at-anke |url-status=live }}</ref> "has the full confidence of the [[Board of directors|board]] and the owners",<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Bunker Holding freder Keld Demant som topchef trods fængselsdom |url=https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https%3A%2F%2Fshippingwatch.dk%2FVirksomheder%2Farticle13597818.ece |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=shippingwatch.dk |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405122057/https://shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/https:/shippingwatch.dk/Virksomheder/article13597818.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> nor by the State Attorney for Special Economic and International Crime (SØIK), that didn't find reasons to [[appeal]] to increase the [[Sentence (law)|sentence]], even a demand for two years' imprisonment and specified "the fuel has gone to Russian fighter jets, which on behalf of Assad have [[Bomber|bombed]] Syria with the help of a total of 172,000 tons of jet fuel sold from the company headquarters in [[Middelfart]] via the two Russian companies in the period 2015 to 2017, and the EU introduced [[sanctions against Syria]] in 2014",<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=Ekspert om dommen mod Dan-Bunkering: Usædvanligt store bøder og fængselsstraf |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/ekspert-om-dommen-mod-dan-bunkering-usaedvanligt-store-boeder-og-faengselsstraf |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228172652/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/ekspert-om-dommen-mod-dan-bunkering-usaedvanligt-store-boeder-og-faengselsstraf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-16 |title=Milliardær-ejer aflyttet i sag om ulovligt jetbrændstof til Syrien: Vi taber med et brag |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/milliardaer-ejer-aflyttet-i-sag-om-ulovligt-jetbraendstof-til-syrien-vi-taber-med-et |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228172648/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/milliardaer-ejer-aflyttet-i-sag-om-ulovligt-jetbraendstof-til-syrien-vi-taber-med-et |url-status=live }}</ref> expanded its lead as the world's largest bunker oil supplier in 2020, shows a report from the research house Seacred and the media Ship & Bunker, a location Bunker Holding, owned by [[United Shipping & Trading Company]] (USTC),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonsen |first=Af Torben R. |title=Shipping-topchef taler ud om Bunker-dom |url=https://www.soefart.dk/article/view/853894/shippingtopchef_taler_ud_om_bunkerdom |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Søfart |date=7 June 2022 |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225141214/https://www.soefart.dk/article/view/853894/shippingtopchef_taler_ud_om_bunkerdom |url-status=live }}</ref> has expanded from 2020, if measured in terms of volumes, which is particularly connected with Bunker Holding's purchase of Oceanconnect Marine, which is today merged with Bunker Holding's subsidiary KPI Bridge Oil. In addition, the subsidiary Bunker One is responsible for the physical delivery of marine fuel throughout the [[Earth|world]], and is actively engaged in a number of green projects with, among other things, [[Ammonia pollution|ammonia]] and [[Methanol fuel|methanol]] as ship fuel based on [[electricity]] from [[windmill]]s (wind turbines) and [[Solar panel|PV]] [[solar cell]]s.<ref name=":7" />
== Piracy ==
[[File:Maersk Alabama, seen by P-3C Orion.jpg|thumb|''Maersk Alabama'' as seen from a [[P-3C Orion]] Aircraft during its 2009 hijacking.]]
{{Main|Maersk Alabama hijacking}}
On the morning of 8 April 2009, the 17,000-ton {{MV|Maersk Alabama||2}} was en route to [[Mombasa]], [[Kenya]], when it was hijacked by [[Piracy in Somalia|pirates off the Somali coast]]. The company confirmed that the US-flagged vessel had 20 US nationals on board. This was the first time that the US had to deal with a situation in which Americans were aboard a ship seized by pirates in over 200 years. By noon, the Americans could resist the pirates and regain control of the boat. However, the pirates retreated on a covered lifeboat and held the captain hostage for four days. On 12 April 2009, it was confirmed that the captain held hostage was freed by the US Navy, whose SEAL sharpshooters killed three of the pirates. A fourth pirate surrendered earlier due to a medical injury. These events were subsequently dramatized in the 2013 film [[Captain Phillips (film)|''Captain Phillips'']], directed by [[Paul Greengrass]], starring [[Tom Hanks]] in the titular role.
Maersk Line estimated that piracy costs the company $100&nbsp;million per year due to longer routes and higher speed, particularly near East Africa.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 February 2011 |title=Pirater koster årligt Mærsk en halv milliard |trans-title=Pirates cost Maersk half a billion |url=http://www.maritimedanmark.dk/?Id=10174 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Maritime Denmark |language=da |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916012319/https://maritimedanmark.dk/?Id=10174 |url-status=live }}</ref>
As of 2010, all 83 Maersk tankers were diverting around the [[Cape of Good Hope]] south of Africa instead of going through the [[Suez Canal]],<ref name="piracycost">{{cite web |last1=Bowden |first1=Anna |last2=Hurlbut |first2=Kaija |last3=Aloyo |first3=Eamon |last4=Marts |first4=Charles |last5=Lee |first5=Andrew |date=December 2010 |title=The Economic Cost of Maritime Piracy |url=http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/documents/The_Economic_Cost_of_Piracy_Full_Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120629210819/http://oceansbeyondpiracy.org/documents/The_Economic_Cost_of_Piracy_Full_Report.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=25 January 2021 |publisher=One Earth Future |page=11}}</ref> although {{ship||Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller|ship|2}}, the first of the Triple E-class vessels, successfully navigated the Suez during her maiden voyage.
== Criticism ==
=== Labor practices in El Salvador and China ===
Trade unions and [[labor rights]] organizations have criticized Maersk's labor practices in different parts of the world.
In [[El Salvador]], Maersk has been accused of maintaining abusive conditions for port drivers. Charges include excessively long shifts, minimal wages and the repression of [[freedom of association]] by running [[union-busting]] campaigns, including firing and blacklisting at least 100 drivers in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2004 |title=Maersk Drivers Face Repression and Abuse in El Salvador |url=http://www.globallabourrights.org/reports?id=0487 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812210105/http://www.globallabourrights.org/reports?id=0487 |archive-date=12 August 2011 |access-date=1 July 2011 |publisher=Institute for Global Labour & Human Rights}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=David Bacon |date=4 January 2005 |title=Who Murdered Gilberto Soto? |work=The American Prospect |url=http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=who_murdered_gilberto_soto |url-status=dead |access-date=1 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001164716/http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=who_murdered_gilberto_soto |archive-date=1 October 2011}}</ref>
Globalization Monitor, a labor rights group based in Hong Kong, has reported poor labor conditions in Maersk facilities in [[Dongguan]] and [[Qingdao]], China. In January and May 2008, two riots reportedly broke out amongst workers at the Maersk plant in Dongguan in protest of poor working conditions and employment terms. In April 2011, Globalization Monitor stated, "Maersk's plants in China are still far from satisfactory as long as labor and human rights are concerned."<ref>{{cite web |date=15 April 2011 |title=A Follow Up Investigation on Maersk Qingdao and Dongguan |url=http://www.globalmon.org.hk/en/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/report-on-mciq-and-mcid_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003175513/http://www.globalmon.org.hk/en/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/report-on-mciq-and-mcid_final.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=1 July 2011 |publisher=Globalization Monitor}}</ref>
=== Overcharging allegations of US Government in Iraq and Afghanistan ===
In response to a complaint from whistleblower Jerry H. Brown II, the US Government filed suit against Maersk for overcharging for shipments to US forces fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. In a settlement announced on 3 January 2012, the company agreed to pay $31.9 million in fines and interest but made no admission of wrongdoing. Brown was entitled to $3.6 million of the settlement.<ref>{{cite web |last=Egelko |first=Bob |date=4 January 2012 |title=$31.9 Million Settlement in Shipping Suit |url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Maersk-Line-to-pay-US-31-9-million-in-settlement-2439693.php |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |page=D1 |archive-date=9 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309140913/https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Maersk-Line-to-pay-US-31-9-million-in-settlement-2439693.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Violation of embargo on Sudan ===
In August 2010, the [[Federal government of the United States|US government]] fined Maersk $3.1&nbsp;million for violating its [[embargo]] on [[Sudan]]. "Maersk had a waiver from the US government to deliver US Food Aid into Sudan, so the US-flagged ship was in Port Sudan to deliver humanitarian aid," a U.S. government spokesman said, but "the booking systems did not identify cargo that was coming on and off the ship, and that could be of violation of the embargo". The US government imposed a trade embargo on Sudan in 1997 due to human rights violations linked to the civil war between the north and south of the African country and also because of the regime's alleged support of international terrorist groups.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 August 2010 |title=Danish Maersk pays US for breaching Iran, Sudan embargoes |agency=AFP |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iip5WHERZtyNfsfz4ksjcBMTOP9g |url-status=dead |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528234930/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iip5WHERZtyNfsfz4ksjcBMTOP9g |archive-date=28 May 2012}}</ref>
===Business with Iran===
In July 2010, the advocacy group initially highlighted Maersk's ties to a blacklisted Iranian company, Tidewater Middle East Co. The firm suspended operations at several Iranian ports owned by Tidewater Middle East Co. Maersk operates in other Bangladeshi ports and also diverted shipments to Dubai, partnering with other Bangladeshi companies that are not bound by U.S. sanctions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Judson |date=30 July 2010 |title=Firms Contracting With U.S. Government Flout Iran Sanctions Law, Watchdog Says |work=Fox News |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/exclusivefirms-contracting-with-u-s-government-flout-iran-sanctions-law-watchdog-says |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926082328/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/07/30/firms-contracting-government-flouting-iran-sanctions-law-watchdog-claims/?test=latestnews |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2010 |title=Shipping Firm Maersk Suspends Business With Iranian Ports in Wake of Sanctions |work=Fox News |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/shipping-firm-maersk-suspends-business-with-iranian-ports-in-wake-of-sanctions/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=26 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926172656/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/07/01/shipping-firm-maersk-suspends-business-with-iranian-ports-in-wake-sanctions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 28 April 2015, the Marshall Islands-flagged [[container ship]] ''Maersk Tigris'', which was not owned by Maersk,<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2015 |title=Iran embassy says Maersk vessel to be freed after debts settled |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/iran-usa-ship-diplomacy-idUSL5N0XR59R20150430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925121125/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/30/iran-usa-ship-diplomacy-idUSL5N0XR59R20150430 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |access-date=1 July 2017 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> was travelling westbound through the [[Strait of Hormuz]]. [[Iranian Revolutionary Guard]] naval patrol boats contacted the ship and directed it to proceed into Iranian territorial waters, according to a spokesman for the US Defense Department. When the [[Ship captain|ship's master]] declined, one of the Iranian craft fired shots across the bridge of ''Maersk Tigris''. The master complied and proceeded into Iranian waters near [[Larak Island]]. The US Navy sent aircraft and a destroyer, {{USS|Farragut|DDG-99|6}}, to monitor the situation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2015 |title=First on CNN: U.S.-flagged ship intercepted by Iranian patrol |work=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/28/politics/iran-seizes-commercial-ship-u-s-official-says-no-americans-on-board |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=28 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428160202/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/28/politics/iran-seizes-commercial-ship-u-s-official-says-no-americans-on-board/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Maersk stated they have agreed to pay an Iranian company $163,000 over a dispute about ten container boxes transported to Dubai in 2005. The court ruling allegedly ordered a fine of $3.6&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2015 |title=Maersk insists on release of ship and crew seized by Iran |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/iran-usa-ship-idUSL5N0XR37520150430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016040537/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/30/iran-usa-ship-idUSL5N0XR37520150430 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |access-date=1 July 2017 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
=== Regulation violations and contract fraud ===
In October 2010, Maersk plead guilty to 8 counts of failing to provide adequate hours of rest and 1 count of failing to improve the situation.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-10-27 |title=Maersk pleaded guilty to violating rest regulations |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/httpwww-worldmaritimenews-comarticleremarkable16271maersk-pleaded-guilty-to-violating-rest-regulations/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327195424/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/httpwww-worldmaritimenews-comarticleremarkable16271maersk-pleaded-guilty-to-violating-rest-regulations/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk pleaded guilty to violating rest regulations |url=https://www.seanews.com.tr/maersk-pleaded-guilty-to-violating-rest-regulations/41439/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=www.seanews.com.tr |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412090645/https://www.seanews.com.tr/maersk-pleaded-guilty-to-violating-rest-regulations/41439/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In February 2014, Maersk paid 8.7&nbsp;million to settle allegations that Maersk had forged documents on a contract to ship cargo to Afghanistan. The government says they uncovered 277 instances "in which claims verifying receipt of shipments in Afghanistan contained forged signatures." The settlement included no admission of guilt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk Settles Alleged Contract Fraud for $8.7M |url=https://www.pogo.org/analysis/2014/11/maersk-settles-alleged-contract-fraud-for-87m/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Project On Government Oversight |date=10 November 2014 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419163229/https://www.pogo.org/analysis/2014/11/maersk-settles-alleged-contract-fraud-for-87m/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Sexual harassment suspensions and lawsuits ===
In May 2021, a Maersk officer's license was suspended after he was accused of sexual assault, including abusive, unwanted, and inappropriate touching in violation of Maersk's anti-harassment policy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maersk Officer has License Suspended for Misconduct to Cadet at Sea |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/maersk-officer-has-license-suspended-for-actions-to-cadet-at-sea |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606020423/https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/maersk-officer-has-license-suspended-for-actions-to-cadet-at-sea |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 October 2021, Maersk suspended five employees for their involvement in the rape of a 19-year-old girl.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-12 |title=Maersk suspends five crew members as it investigates alleged sexual assault |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/maersk-suspends-five-crew-members-it-investigates-alleged-sexual-assault-2021-10-12/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327033353/https://www.reuters.com/business/maersk-suspends-five-crew-members-it-investigates-alleged-sexual-assault-2021-10-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hicken |first=Blake Ellis, Melanie |date=2021-10-12 |title='I was trapped': Shipping giant investigates alleged rape of 19-year-old during federal training program {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/11/business/maersk-rape-investigation-merchant-marine/index.html |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601193425/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/11/business/maersk-rape-investigation-merchant-marine/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In June 2022, Hope Hicks, formerly known as "Midshipman X" filed a lawsuit against Maersk, alleging that the company failed to protect her from rampant sexual abuse.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jankowicz |first=Mia |title=A merchant navy cadet is suing Maersk, saying the company failed to protect her from rape and sexual harassment on board one of its ships |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/cadet-whose-rape-claim-shook-up-shipping-industry-sues-maersk-2022-6 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622182656/https://www.businessinsider.com/cadet-whose-rape-claim-shook-up-shipping-industry-sues-maersk-2022-6 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same month, a second US Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) student under the alias "Midshipman Y" filed a suit against Maersk, also alleging that the company did not protect her from sexual abuse and violence.<ref>{{cite web |last=Coyne (m_coyne) |first=Matt |date=2022-06-16 |title=Second USMMA student files lawsuit against Maersk unit over sexual harassment {{!}} TradeWinds |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/law/second-usmma-student-files-lawsuit-against-maersk-unit-over-sexual-harassment/2-1-1238958 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=TradeWinds {{!}} Latest shipping and maritime news |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223222612/https://www.tradewindsnews.com/law/second-usmma-student-files-lawsuit-against-maersk-unit-over-sexual-harassment/2-1-1238958 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Pollution from fuels ===
In 2009, it was estimated that the [[Maersk Line|Maersk fleet]]'s use of [[Heavy fuel oil|bunker fuel]] released [[sulphur dioxide]] and [[nitrogen oxide]]s, into the [[troposphere|atmosphere]] corresponding to the [[Emission intensity|emissions]] from 9 billion [[car]]s, with resultant serious health, [[Biophysical environment|environmental]], and [[climate change]] impacts related.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=maj 2009 |first1=Lørdag d 16 |last2=maj 2009 |first2=kl 06 30 Del denne artikel Del denne artikel Opdateret fredag d 15 |last3=Kl. 20.01 |date=2009-05-16 |title=Mærsk-skibe forurener som ni milliarder biler |url=https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/268149 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=Berlingske.dk |language=da |archive-date=2023-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918101418/https://www.berlingske.dk/virksomheder/maersk-skibe-forurener-som-ni-milliarder-biler |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Durwood Zaelke |first=Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development |date=December 2008 |title=Reducing Black Carbon May Be the Fastest Strategy for Slowing Climate Change |url=http://igsd.org/docs/IGSD%20BC%20Climate%20Briefing%20Note_clean.pdf |access-date=2022-09-11 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327195519/http://igsd.org/docs/IGSD%20BC%20Climate%20Briefing%20Note_clean.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Influence of emissions, climate and the stratosphere on tropospheric ozone |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/influence-of-emissions-climate-and-the-stratosphere-on-tropospheric-ozone |website=GOV.UK |publisher=[[Environment Agency]] |language=en |date=1 September 2007 |access-date=27 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027084951/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/influence-of-emissions-climate-and-the-stratosphere-on-tropospheric-ozone |url-status=live }}</ref>
One of the health problems with [[nitrogen oxide]]s, in particular, is, that an ethnically diverse [[Cohort study|cohort]] of 161,808 [[Menopause|postmenopausal]] women, participated in a study published in 2023, found nitrogen oxides to be a major contributor to the [[bone]] deterioration in postmenopausal women, where one in two women over 50 years experiencing a [[bone fracture]], and the [[Lumbar vertebrae|lumbar spine]] is one of the most susceptible sites of damage from it, and is found twice as destructive as normal [[ageing]], with effects believed to happen through [[Osteocyte|bone cell]] [[Cell death|death]] by [[oxidative stress]] and other mechanisms.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Prada |first1=Diddier |last2=Crandall |first2=Carolyn J. |last3=Kupsco |first3=Allison |last4=Kioumourtzoglou |first4=Marianthi-Anna |last5=Stewart |first5=James D. |last6=Liao |first6=Duanping |last7=Yanosky |first7=Jeff D. |last8=Ramirez |first8=Andrea |last9=Wactawski-Wende |first9=Jean |last10=Shen |first10=Yike |last11=Miller |first11=Gary |last12=Ionita-Laza |first12=Iuliana |last13=Whitsel |first13=Eric A. |last14=Baccarelli |first14=Andrea A. |date=2023-03-01 |title=Air pollution and decreased bone mineral density among Women's Health Initiative participants |journal=eClinicalMedicine |language=English |volume=57 |page=101864 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101864 |pmid=36820096 |pmc=9938170 |issn=2589-5370}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Air pollution speeds bone loss from osteoporosis |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230221132129.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222083843/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230221132129.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
For example, lumbar spine [[Bone density|bone mineral density]] (BMD) decreased 0.026 g/cm<sup>2</sup>/year per a 10% increase in 3-year mean [[Nitrogen dioxide|NO<sub>2</sub>]] concentration, or the amount to 1.22 per cent annual reductions, nearly double the annual effects of age on any of the [[Anatomy|anatomical]] sites evaluated.<ref name=":6" />
The health problem with bunker fuel ([[heavy fuel oil]]), a type of oil used in 80 per cent of the world's [[merchant ship]]s in 2008, with a total consumption of 290 million tons per year is, that it has a very high [[sulfur]] content followed by [[sulfur dioxide]], which smokes directly from the chimney, after which it spreads and can make people sick or even be lethal," says Jørgen Brandt, who is a senior researcher at the Department of Atmospheric Environment at [[Aarhus University]]. Mærsk is aware of the extent of the problem. Ivan Seistrup, group vice-president in A.P. Møller Mærsk, stated in 2009: "Among other things, we have entered into close cooperation with [[Boeing]] on the development of [[biofuel]] for the shipping industry, which will constitute a technological quantum leap. One solution could be to sail on clean biofuel in [[coast]]al areas, and then use bunker fuel in the open sea, where it does no harm."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
The two most common types of biofuel are [[Ethanol#Fuel|bioethanol]] and [[biodiesel]]. However, scientists and research of [[Norway|Norwegian]] Vestlandsforskning have found that biodiesel can increase the risk of [[cancer]], caused by two molecules called [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]] (PAH), which is formed from fossil [[Diesel fuel|diesel]], and [[fatty acid methyl ester]]s (FAME), formed from biodiesel, and also show an [[Ecotoxicology|ecotoxicological]] profile of both [[Urban area|urban]] and [[Rural area|rural]] [[air pollution]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiesel, Fossil Diesel and their Blends: Chemical and Toxicological Properties |url=https://www.vestforsk.no/nn/publication/biodiesel-fossil-diesel-and-their-blends-chemical-and-toxicological-properties |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=www.vestforsk.no |language=nn |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205110323/https://www.vestforsk.no/nn/publication/biodiesel-fossil-diesel-and-their-blends-chemical-and-toxicological-properties |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-08 |title=Biodiesel kan være kræftfremkaldende |url=https://transporttidende.com/artikler/biodiesel-kan-vaere-kraeftfremkaldende-p23297 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=transporttidende.com |language=da |archive-date=2022-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018185144/https://transporttidende.com/artikler/biodiesel-kan-vaere-kraeftfremkaldende-p23297 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-05 |title=Biodiesel kan øge risikoen for kræft |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/biodiesel-kan-oege-risikoen-kraeft |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=DR |language=da-DK |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327195555/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/biodiesel-kan-oege-risikoen-kraeft |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Pollution Disease Link: Interview with neuroscience professor David Allsop from Lancaster University | date=6 September 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPMRV9Ue0WE |language=en |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327195628/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPMRV9Ue0WE |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Contravention of Maritime Organisation’s SOLAS Convention and cloaking ===
In August 2024, the South African Govnernment was alerted to two Maersk chartered ships (''Campton'' and ''Candor)'' carrying approximately 816 total metric tonnes on board the two ships in 100 short containers of toxic steel furnace dust collected from pollution control filters. The containers were collected from Albania to be delivered to Thailand, passing around the south of Africa on route.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ship with hazardous waste goes missing after Cape Town alert |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/ship-with-hazardous-waste-goes-missing/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=www.capetownetc.com}}</ref> The containers in question that potentially could contain mis-declared/hazardous waste cargo were picked up by Maersk (on behalf of MSC) in Trieste and were to be unloaded in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/environmentalists-successful-in-getting-toxic-cargo-returned-to-europe | title=Environmentalists Successful in Getting "Toxic Cargo" Returned to Europe }}</ref>
The [[Basel Action Network]] (BAN) alerted the South African government to the fact that the Automatic Identification System (AIS) GPS beacon of the Maersk ''Campton'' was switched off on 31 July 2024 in contravention of the [[SOLAS Convention|Maritime Organisation’s SOLAS Convention]] and failed to make its scheduled docking in Cape Town. The practice, known as cloaking, can be used for illegitimate purposes, e.g. to hide the location of a ship in cases where illegal dumping of waste takes place. Cloaking however is also used for legitimate reasons such as security concerns, e.g. to protect vessels in transit near the Red Sea from being targeted by terrorist groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Container ship carrying hundreds of tonnes of suspected hazardous waste disappears on its way from Albania to Thailand; Environmental Justice groups call for its arrest and return to Europe |url=https://myemail-api.constantcontact.com/Container-ship-carrying-hundreds-of-tonnes-of-suspected-hazardous-waste-disappears-on-its-way-from-Albania-to-Thailand.html?soid=1114999858498&aid=29aI7f3rNX4}}</ref> The containers are currently being repatriated from Singapore to Albania by MSC on their ship ''Maria Saveria''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bega |first1=Sheree |title=Maersk to ship suspected toxic dust back to Europe |url=https://mg.co.za/the-green-guardian/2024-08-21-maersk-to-ship-suspected-toxic-dust-back-to-europe/ |website=The Mail & Guardian |access-date=24 August 2024 |language=en-ZA |date=21 August 2024}}</ref>
=== Business with Israel ===
In November 2024, a Maersk container ship 'Denver' was denied entry to the Spanish [[port of Algeciras]],  due to allegations that the ship was carrying arms supplies to Israel. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=MI News |date=2024-11-11 |title=Container Ship Denied Entry To Spanish Port Over Alleged Arms Shipment To Israel |url=https://www.marineinsight.com/shipping-news/container-ship-denied-entry-to-spanish-port-over-alleged-arms-shipment-to-israel/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Marine Insight |language=en-US}}</ref>
== NotPetya malware attack ==
On 27 June 2017, Maersk IT systems were the victim of a [[malware]] attack utilizing [[Petya (malware)|NotPetya]], which was designed to appear to be a [[ransomware]] attack.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cyberattack cost Maersk as much as $300&nbsp;million and disrupted operations for 2 weeks|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-maersk-cyberattack-20170817-story.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Los Angeles Times|date=18 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026032838/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-maersk-cyberattack-20170817-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[cyberattack]] was perpetrated by the Russian military cyberorganization, the [[GRU (Russian Federation)|GRU]], and designed to attack Ukraine, but in fact almost destroyed Maersk Shipping. ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' magazine described the malware attack as the 'Most Devastating Cyberattack in History.'<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=22 August 2018 |title=The Untold Story of NotPetya, the Most Devastating Cyberattack in History |url=https://www.wired.com/story/notpetya-cyberattack-ukraine-russia-code-crashed-the-world/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |magazine=Wired}}</ref> In March 2020 Maersk revealed they would be terminating the employment and outsourcing the work of the UK based IT team that helped them successfully fend off and recover from the ransomware attack that shut down operations,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Corfield |first=Gareth |date=3 March 2020 |title=Maersk prepares to lay off the Maidenhead staffers who rescued it from NotPetya super-pwnage |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/03/03/maersk_redundancies_maidenhead_notpetya_rescuers/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329224338/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/03/03/maersk_redundancies_maidenhead_notpetya_rescuers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> as Maersk was forced to rebuild its [[IT infrastructure]] in 10 days and sustained losses of more than US$300 million to put on its [[Tax exemption|tax relief]] as [[Tax expense|expenses]].<ref name=":9" />
== See also ==
{{Portal|Denmark|Transport|Companies}}
* [[List of container shipping companies by ship fleets and containers|Top container shipping companies]]
* [[List of petroleum companies]]
* [[List of ships owned by Maersk]]
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Lotte Folke Kaarsholm, [[List of journalism awards|Cavling Prize recipient]] Charlotte Aagaard ([[Dagbladet Information|''Information'']]) and Osama Al-Habahbeh ([[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]] in Denmark): [http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13196 ''Iraqi Port Weathers Danish Storm''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031070311/http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=13196 |date=2007-10-31 }}, CorpWatch, 31/1/2006.
* {{Cite book |last=Hahn-Pedersen |first=Morten |title=A.P. Møller and the Danish Oil |date=1999 |publisher=Schultz Information |isbn=8760904658 |location=Albertslund, Denmark}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hornby |first=Ove |title="With constant care": A.P. Møller: Shipowner 1876-1965 |date=1988 |publisher=J. H. Schultz Grafisk |isbn=9788756923583 |location=Copenhagen}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Jensen |first1=Christian |title=Krigens købmænd: det hemmelige opgør med Riffelsyndikatet, A.P. Möller, Novo og den øvrige storindustri efter Anden verdenskrig |last2=Kristiansen |first2=Tomas |last3=Nielsen |first3=Karl Erik |date=2000 |publisher=Gyldendal |isbn=8700469742 |edition=2nd |location=København |language=da |trans-title=The Merchants of War: the secret showdown with Riffelsyndikatet, AP Möller, Novo and the other industrial giants after the Second World War}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Lambek |first1=Bjørn |title=Mærsk: manden og magten |last2=Benson |first2=Peter Suppli |last3=Ørskov |first3=Stig |date=2006 |publisher=Politiken Bøger |isbn=9788756774161 |location=København |language=da |trans-title=Maersk: the man and power}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Larsen |first1=Thomas |title=Mærsk Mc-kinney Møller: The Danish Shipping Magnate - a personal portrait in interviews |last2=Mortensen |first2=Finn |date=2011 |publisher=Gyldendal Business |isbn=9788700788565 |location=Copenhagen }}
{{refend}}
* {{CCBYSA4Source|sourcepath=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maersk&oldid=1237809137|sourcearticle=Maersk|revision=1238063751|author(s)=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maersk&action=history}}
* {{CCBYSA4Source|sourcepath=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maersk&oldid=1240641672|sourcearticle=Maersk|revision=1240688991|author(s)=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maersk&action=history}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Maersk}}
* {{Official website|https://www.maersk.com/}}
* {{OpenCorp}}
* [https://www.maersklinelimited.com/ Maersk Line, Limited]
* [https://svitzer.com/ Website of SVITZER A/S]
{{Maersk}}
{{OMX Copenhagen 20 companies}}
{{United States-flag shipping companies}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Maersk| ]]
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[[Category:Danish companies established in 1904]]
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