View source for Mangnai

{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Mangnai
| native_name                     = {{nobold|{{lower|0.1em|{{lang|zh-Hans|茫崖市}} · {{lang|mn|{{mongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:2.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}}} · {{bo-textonly|མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}}}}}
| other_name                      = Mang'ai
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| settlement_type                 = [[County-level city]]
| image_skyline                   = Mangya, Qinghai, China.jpg
| image_caption                   = Surroundings of the [[asbestos]] mines.
| image_map                       = Location of Mangya within Qinghai (China).png
| map_caption                     = Mangnai (light red) within Haixi Prefecture (yellow) and Qinghai.
| coordinates                     = {{coord|38.250|N|90.857|E|format=dms|type:adm3rd_region:CN-63|display=it}}
| pushpin_map                     = China Qinghai
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Qinghai]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Haixi]]
| seat                            = [[Huatugou]]
| area_total_km2                  = 49900
| population_total                 = 18856
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.haixi.gov.cn/info/4543/228143.htm  |title = 海西州第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）——各市县、行委常住人口情况  |publisher = Government of Haixi Prefecture |language = zh   |date = 2021-07-02 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2          = auto
| elevation_m                     = 3000
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
| website                         = {{url|http://www.mangya.gov.cn/}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|c=茫崖市|p=Mángyá Shì<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangya.gov.cn/|title=Mangya government|access-date=2021-07-27|archive-date=2021-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527125540/http://www.mangya.gov.cn/}}</ref>{{efn|name=a|In [[Central Plains Mandarin]] it is pronounced Mang-ngai, a transcription of Oirat Mongolian Mangnai. In Standard Mandarin, ngai [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|develops into two different readings]] with ''ya'' the most common one and ''ai'' used almost exclusively here. There's a tendency to pronounce it as ''ya'' in this situation as well.}}
|tib={{bo-textonly|མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}|wylie=mang ne grong khyer|zwpy=Mangnê Chongkyêr
|mon= |mong={{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:2em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}
|monr=Mangnai hot
}}
'''Mangnai''', also known as '''Mang'ai''', is a [[county-level city]] in the northwest of [[Qinghai Province]], China, bordering [[Xinjiang]] to the north and west. It is under the administration of [[Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]]. It is one of the most remote cities in China, the closest other city, [[Ruoqiang County|Ruoqiang]], is located {{Convert|350|km|mi}} away.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=最"寂寞"的城市，成立仅3年人口不到7万，就在我国西部|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G8Q6HULJ05373NZW.html}}</ref> In 2020 it had a population of 18856.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=|script-title=zh:茫崖市人口数据|trans-title=Mangnai Population Data|url=https://www.hongheiku.com/xianjirank/qhxsqrk/42983.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019181917/https://www.hongheiku.com/xianjirank/qhxsqrk/42983.html|archive-date=2021-10-19|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.hongheiku.com|language=zh}}</ref> The name Mangnai is based on the Mongolian word for 'forehead'.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-02-28|title=|script-title=zh:茫崖市简介|trans-title=Mangnai Overview|url=http://www.mangya.gov.cn/info/1057/6804.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527125743/http://www.mangya.gov.cn/info/1057/6804.htm|archive-date=2021-05-27|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.mangya.gov.cn|publisher=Mangnai Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref>
It was formed in 2018 when the Mangnai and [[Lenghu]] administrative zones merged to establish the county-level city of Mangnai.<ref name=":1" />
== Economy ==
Mangnai had a large [[asbestos]] mine, it was the largest in China, it also holds around half of China's [[Serpentine subgroup|serpentine]] reserves.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI-6AAAAIAAJ&q=mangnai|title=New China Quarterly|date=1987|publisher=New China News Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3NPAQAAIAAJ&q=mangnai|title=Mineral Deposits of China|date=1990|publisher=Geological Publishing House|isbn=978-7-116-02077-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wu|first=Lan’er|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBcsEAAAQBAJ&dq=mangya+qinghai&pg=PA13|title=Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Slag by Pidgeon Process|year=2021|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-16-2171-0|language=en}}</ref> It also produces oil, natural gas, [[Celestine (mineral)|celestite]], and [[sodium sulfate]].<ref name=":1" />
== Administrative divisions ==
Mangnai is divided into 3 [[Towns of China|towns]]. The administrative center is the [[Huatugou|Huatugou Town]].<ref name=":1" />
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1"
|-
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! [[Tibetan script|Tibetan]]
! [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]
! [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] ([[Mongolian script|traditional script]])
! Mongolian ([[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]])
! [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]]
|-
| colspan="8"  style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns'''
|----------
| [[Huatugou|Huatugou Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|花土沟镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Huātǔgōu Zhèn}}
| {{bo-textonly|ཧྭ་ཐུའུ་ཀུའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།}}
| {{transl|bo|hwa thu'u ku'u grong rdal}}
| {{MongolUnicode|ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}
| {{lang|mn|Энгэрт балгас}}
| 632803100
|-
| [[Mangnai (town)|Mangnai Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|茫崖镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Mángyá Zhèn}}
| {{bo-textonly|མང་ནེ་གྲོང་རྡལ།}}
| {{transl|bo|mang ne grong rdal}}
| {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}
| {{lang|mn|Магнай балгас}}
| 632803101
|-
| [[Lenghu|Lenghu Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|冷湖镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Lěnghú Zhèn}}
| {{bo-textonly|ལེན་ཧུའུ་གྲོང་རྡལ།}}
| {{transl|bo|len hu'u grong rdal}}
| {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}
| {{lang|mn|Хүйтэн нуур балгас}}
| 632803102
|-
|}
== Demographics ==
17 different [[List of ethnic groups in China|ethnic groups]] live in the city, including the [[Han Chinese]], [[Mongols]], [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]], the [[Hui people|Hui]], [[Salar people|Salars]], [[Monguor people|Monguors]], [[Manchu people|Manchus]], [[Dongxiangs]], and [[Uyghurs|Uighurs]].<ref name=":2" />
==Climate==
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Mangnai, elevation {{convert|2945|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = 	-3.2
|Feb high C = 	2.2
|Mar high C = 	8.1
|Apr high C = 	14.0
|May high C = 	17.9
|Jun high C = 	21.6
|Jul high C = 	24.1
|Aug high C = 	23.8
|Sep high C = 	19.1
|Oct high C = 	11.9
|Nov high C = 	4.2
|Dec high C = 	-2.3
|Jan mean C = 	-10.7
|Feb mean C = 	-5.8
|Mar mean C = 	0.1
|Apr mean C = 	6.0
|May mean C = 	10.5
|Jun mean C = 	14.7
|Jul mean C = 	17.1
|Aug mean C = 	16.5
|Sep mean C = 	11.6
|Oct mean C = 	3.9
|Nov mean C = 	-3.7
|Dec mean C = 	-9.6
|Jan low C = 	-17.4
|Feb low C = 	-13.1
|Mar low C = 	-7.5
|Apr low C = 	-1.8
|May low C = 	3.2
|Jun low C = 	8.0
|Jul low C = 	10.8
|Aug low C = 	9.9
|Sep low C = 	4.7
|Oct low C = 	-3.4
|Nov low C = 	-10.6
|Dec low C = 	-16.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 	0.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 	0.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 	0.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 	1.5
|May precipitation mm = 	6.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 	11.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 	13.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 	7.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 	4.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 	0.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 	0.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 	0.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 	0.9
|Feb precipitation days = 	0.8
|Mar precipitation days = 	1.0
|Apr precipitation days = 	1.4
|May precipitation days = 	3.0
|Jun precipitation days = 	5.9
|Jul precipitation days = 	7.3
|Aug precipitation days = 	4.1
|Sep precipitation days = 	1.7
|Oct precipitation days = 	0.9
|Nov precipitation days = 	0.4
|Dec precipitation days = 	0.5
|year precipitation days =
|Jan humidity = 	36
|Feb humidity = 	28
|Mar humidity = 	24
|Apr humidity = 	23
|May humidity = 	26
|Jun humidity = 	32
|Jul humidity = 	36
|Aug humidity = 	32
|Sep humidity = 	30
|Oct humidity = 	28
|Nov humidity = 	30
|Dec humidity = 	37
|Jan sun = 	227.3
|Feb sun = 	224.8
|Mar sun = 	263.2
|Apr sun = 	275.2
|May sun = 	285.9
|Jun sun = 	261.4
|Jul sun = 	263.9
|Aug sun = 	270.2
|Sep sun = 	270.0
|Oct sun = 	282.3
|Nov sun = 	239.7
|Dec sun = 	223.5
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 	74
| Feb percentsun = 	73
| Mar percentsun = 	70
| Apr percentsun = 	69
| May percentsun = 	64
| Jun percentsun = 	59
| Jul percentsun = 	59
| Aug percentsun = 	65
| Sep percentsun = 	74
| Oct percentsun = 	83
| Nov percentsun = 	80
| Dec percentsun = 	76
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 	1.6
|Feb snow days = 	1.5
|Mar snow days = 	2.0
|Apr snow days = 	2.3
|May snow days = 	1.8
|Jun snow days = 	0.2
|Jul snow days = 	0
|Aug snow days = 	0
|Sep snow days = 	0.1
|Oct snow days = 	1.2
|Nov snow days = 	0.6
|Dec snow days = 	1.3
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =27 September 2023}}</ref>
}}
== Tourism ==
The main touristic sites in Mangnai are:<ref name=":1" />
* Emerald Lake ({{Lang-zh|c=翡翠湖}})
* Qianfo cliffs ({{Lang-zh|c=千佛崖|l=thousand Buddha cliffs}})
* Gasi Lake ({{Lang-zh|c=尕斯湖}})
* Yingxiongling [[Danxia landform|Danxia Landform]] ({{Lang-zh|c=丹霞地貌英雄岭}})
* Alar Wetland ({{Lang-zh|c=阿拉尔湿地}})
* [[Yardang|Yardang landform]] ({{Lang-zh|c=雅丹地貌}})
In 2019, a camp meant to simulate conditions on the planet [[Mars]] opened in the [[Towns of China|town]] of [[Lenghu]], which is primarily geared towards tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chen|first=Laurie|date=2019-03-04|title=China opens 'Mars camp' for tourists, plans to send rover to red planet|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2188446/china-opens-mars-camp-researchers-tourists-and-plans-send-rover|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211019182315/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/2188446/china-opens-mars-camp-researchers-tourists-and-plans-send-rover|archive-date=2021-10-19|access-date=2021-10-19|website=[[South China Morning Post]]|language=en}}</ref>
== Transport ==
Mangnai is located strategically on one of the main transport corridors between [[Gansu]] and [[Xinjiang]]. The [[Haixi Huatugou Airport]] serves Mangnai and the city is served by the [[Golmud–Korla railway]] and is located along [[China National Highway 315]].<ref name=":0" />
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{County-level divisions of Qinghai}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:County-level divisions of Qinghai]]
[[Category:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Qinghai]]
{{Qinghai-geo-stub}}