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{{Short description|Civil parish in Wiltshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country = England
| static_image_name = Manningford Bruce - geograph.org.uk - 416644.jpg
| static_image_caption = Manningford Bruce
| official_name = Manningford
| label_position = left
| population = 405
| population_ref = (in 2011)<ref>{{cite web|title=Wiltshire Community History – Census|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Census?communityId=152|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref>
| civil_parish = Manningford
| unitary_england = [[Wiltshire Council|Wiltshire]]
| lieutenancy_england = [[Wiltshire]]
| region = South West England
| constituency_westminster = [[East Wiltshire (UK Parliament constituency)|East Wiltshire]]
| post_town = Pewsey
| postcode_district = SN9
| postcode_area = SN
| dial_code = 01672
| os_grid_reference = SU138578
| coordinates = {{coord|51.319|-1.803|type:city(500)_region:GB-WIL|display=inline,title}}
| website = [https://www.themanningfords.co.uk/ The Manningfords]
}}
'''Manningford''' is a [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in [[Wiltshire]], England. The parish includes the villages of '''Manningford Abbots''', '''Manningford Bohune''' and '''Manningford Bruce''', and the hamlet of '''Manningford Bohune Common''', together known as the Manningfords.
The parish is in the [[Vale of Pewsey]] which carries the upper section of the [[River Avon, Hampshire|Salisbury Avon]]. [[Pewsey]] is about {{convert|2|mi|km}} to the northeast; the nearest towns are [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]], {{convert|8|mi|km}} northeast, and [[Devizes]], {{convert|9|mi|km}} to the west. The parish is long and narrow in shape, stretching from the [[River Avon (Hampshire)|Salisbury Avon]] valley in the northwest to higher downland towards [[Upavon]], on the northern edge of [[Salisbury Plain]]. The [[A345 road|A345]] Pewsey–[[Upavon]] road passes to the south of the three villages.
==History==
===Manningford Abbots or Abbas===
The eastern third of the parish, so-called from its ownership by the Abbot of [[Hyde Abbey]], Winchester.<ref name="domesday">{{OpenDomesday|XX0000|manningford-abbots-bohune-and-bruce|Manningford}}</ref> The Abbot held it, together with the chapelry at [[Alton Priors]], until the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]]. In 1547 it went to the [[Seymour family]] (Dukes of Somerset and then Northumberland) until it was split up in 1768.
In 1428 there were fewer than ten households; by 1801 the population rose to 131, and to 165 by 1831. In 1931, shortly before Manningford Abbots was amalgamated with the other two parishes, the population was 121.<ref name="vch-abbots" />
===Manningford Bohune===
The western third of the parish, held by Amelric de Drewes in 1086.<ref name="domesday" /> The name is from [[Humphrey de Bohun (disambiguation)|Humphrey de Bohun]] in the 12th century (related to the Bohun [[Earl of Hereford#Earls of Hereford, Sixth Creation (1199)|Earls of Hereford]]). Formerly a detached tithing of [[Wilsford, Wiltshire|Wilsford]] parish, lying about {{convert|2+1/2|mi|km}} east of Wilsford village. In 1801 the population of the tithing was 163, rising to 283 in 1841. Wilsford and Manningford Bohune became separate civil parishes in 1871.
The northwestern boundary of the tithing was the Woodborough stream, a tributary of the Avon;<ref>{{cite web|title=Hampshire Avon (East) and Woodborough Stream|url=http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB108043022410|website=Environment Agency – Catchment Data Explorer|date=|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> thus [[Bottlesford]] hamlet was within Manningford Bohune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 maps of Great Britain, sheet SU15|website=National Library of Scotland|url=http://maps.nls.uk/view/95749845|date=1958|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> At some point after 1971,<ref>VCH Wilsford has Bottlesford in Manningford Bohune; current boundaries from [https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/election-maps/gb/ Ordnance Survey Election Maps]</ref> boundary changes moved Bottlesford into [[North Newnton]] parish and transferred land north of the railway into [[Woodborough, Wiltshire|Woodborough]] parish.
===Manningford Bruce===
The central third of the parish, held by Grimbald the Goldsmith in 1086,<ref name="domesday" /> named after the Norman [[William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose|William de Breuse]] in 1275. The site of a Roman villa is near the church.<ref>{{cite PastScape |mnumber=220193 |mname=Site of probable Roman courtyard villa, Manningford Bruce |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref>
The population was 213 in 1801, increasing to 275 in 1851, then declining to reach 194 in 1931.<ref name="vch-bruce" /> A small schoolroom was built c.&nbsp;1841 in the south of the village; in 1881 around 80 pupils attended, including children from Abbots.<ref name="vch-bruce" /> Numbers declined in the 1970s and the school closed in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|website=Wiltshire Community History|title=Manningford Bruce Church of England School|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/School/Details/1485|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref>
== Swanborough Tump ==
[[File:Wilcot,_Swanborough_Tump_(geograph_4793973).jpg|alt=|thumb|Markers near Swanborough Tump]]
The ancient parishes of Abbots and Bruce, and possibly Bohune, were within [[Swanborough Hundred]].<ref name="vch-swan">{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol10/pp1-7|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 10 pp1-7 - Swanborough Hundred|author-last1=Baggs|author-first1=A.P.|year=1975|editor-last=Crittall|editor-first=Elizabeth|website=British History Online|publisher=University of London|access-date=25 August 2018|author-first2=D.A.|author-last2=Crowley|author-first3=Ralph B.|author-last3=Pugh|author-first4=Janet H.|author-last4=Stevenson|author-first5=Margaret|author-last5=Tomlinson}}</ref> One of the hundred's meeting-places was Swanborough Tump, a low earthwork in the north of Abbots parish, near the boundary with [[Wilcot]]. The site, now a [[scheduled monument]],<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1004743|desc=Swanborough Tump|access-date=25 August 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> is described in the [[Wiltshire Victoria County History|Victoria County History]] as a [[bowl barrow]]<ref name="vch-swan" /> but more recently by [[Historic England]] as a medieval construction.<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=221166|mname=Swanborough Tump|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> The [[Tump (hill)|tump]] was on an important east–west road.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Semple|first1=Sarah|last2=Langlands|first2=Alex|date=2001|title=Swanborough Tump|url=https://archive.org/details/wiltshirearchaeo9420wilt|journal=Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History Magazine|volume=94|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wiltshirearchaeo9420wilt/page/239 239]–242|access-date=21 August 2016}}</ref>
In the 20th century a stone with plaques was erected at the roadside near the tump, next to an unidentified older stone.
== Religious sites ==
=== Parish church ===
<!-- Church of St Peter, Manningford Bruce redirects here -->
[[File:St._Peter's_church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1731857.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Church of St Peter, Manningford Bruce]]
The [[Church of England parish church|parish church]] of [[Saint Peter]] at Manningford Bruce was described by [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevsner]] as "a very completely preserved [[Norman architecture|Norman]] church".<ref name="Pevsner" /> The aisleless nave and the chancel are from the late 11th or early 12th centuries and are built in flint laid in a [[herringbone pattern]].<ref name="vch-bruce">{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol10/pp113-119|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 10 pp113-119 – Parishes: Manningford Bruce|author-last1=Baggs|author-first1=A.P.|year=1975|editor-last=Crittall|editor-first=Elizabeth|website=British History Online|publisher=University of London|access-date=6 August 2018|author-first2=D.A.|author-last2=Crowley|author-first3=Ralph B.|author-last3=Pugh|author-first4=Janet H.|author-last4=Stevenson|author-first5=Margaret|author-last5=Tomlinson}}</ref> There are three windows from the 12th century,<ref name="bruce-ch-listing">{{National Heritage List for England|num=1300103|desc=Church of St. Peter, Manningford Bruce|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> and the chancel arch has Norman carving.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2820/|title=St Peter, Manningford Bruce|website=Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture|publisher=King's College London|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> Two windows were added in the 15th century.<ref name="bruce-ch-listing" />
Careful [[Victorian restoration|restoration]] by [[John Loughborough Pearson|J.L. Pearson]] in 1882 included reroofing and the rebuilding of the bell-turret and south porch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/1545|title=Church of St. Peter, Manningford Bruce|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Two stained glass windows were added, made by [[Clayton and Bell]], who also painted the [[reredos]]. The building was designated as [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed]] in 1964.<ref name="bruce-ch-listing" />
The benefice was united with Manningford Abbots in 1924, together with the southern part of the benefice of Manningford Bohune, to form the parish of Manningford Bruce and Abbots.<ref name=":0">{{London Gazette
| issue = 32940
| date = 30 May 1924
| pages = 4294-4298
}}</ref> The benefice was held in plurality with [[Everleigh, Wiltshire|Everleigh]] from 1967,<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 44306
| date = 5 May 1967
| page = 5081
}}</ref> and in 1975 became part of a team ministry<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 46552
| date = 22 April 1975
| page = 5166
}}</ref> which today covers a wide area in the Pewsey Vale.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valeofpewsey.org/churches|title=Churches|date=|website=The Vale of Pewsey Team|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref> The former rectory, now known as Manningford Bruce House, is from the 18th century and has fragments of an earlier building.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1033953|desc=Manningford Bruce House|access-date=21 August 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref>
=== Chapel ===
Providence Chapel was built by [[Baptists]] on the main road at Manningford Bohune, and carries a date of 1869. The chapel continues in use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/1548|title=Strict and Particular Baptist Chapel, Manningford Bohune|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wiltshire-opc.org.uk/Items/Manningford/Manningford%20-%20New%20Baptist%20Chapel%201870%20(Bohune).pdf|title=New Baptist Chapel: Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette, 31 March 1870|date=|website=Wiltshire OPC|access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref>
=== Former churches ===
There was probably a parish church at Manningford Abbots in the 10th century and certainly one in 1291; its dedication is unknown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/1543|title=Church at Manningford Abbots|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> The church was rebuilt in 1861–64 to designs by the architect [[Samuel Burleigh Gabriel|S.B. Gabriel]] of [[Bristol]].<ref name="Pevsner">Pevsner & Cherry, 1975, page 330</ref> It was declared redundant in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.churchsociety.org/cstrust/CSTschemes/CST066-SCH-1984redundancyreduced.pdf|title=Scheme for redundancy of Manningford Abbots|publisher=Church Society Trust|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> The rectory was a 17th-century timber-framed building, which from 1812 was encased in red brick and enlarged, with a five-bay facade;<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1033949|desc=Old Rectory|access-date=18 August 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> the house was sold in the 1920s after the union with Manningford Bruce.<ref name="vch-abbots" />
Manningford Bohune was anciently a detached tithing of [[Wilsford, Wiltshire|Wilsford]].<ref name="vch-wilsford">{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol10/pp204-214|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 10 pp204-214 – Parishes: Wilsford|author-last1=Baggs|author-first1=A.P.|year=1975|editor-last=Crittall|editor-first=Elizabeth|website=British History Online|publisher=University of London|access-date=6 August 2018|author-first2=D.A.|author-last2=Crowley|author-first3=Ralph B.|author-last3=Pugh|author-first4=Janet H.|author-last4=Stevenson|author-first5=Margaret|author-last5=Tomlinson}}</ref> The [[All Saints' Church, Manningford Bohune|Church of All Saints]] was built in 1859 as a [[chapel of ease]], in 13th-century style.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1033951|desc=Church of All Saints|access-date=17 January 2021|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The chapelry was severed from Wilsford in 1924; its southern part was united with Manningford Bruce, and its northern part (including the church) was united with [[Woodborough, Wiltshire|Woodborough]] to form the parish and benefice of Woodborough with Manningford Bohune.<ref name=":0" /> The church was declared redundant in 1973 and is in residential use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.wiltshire.gov.uk/communityhistory/Church/Details/1547|title=Church of All Saints, Manningford Bohune|website=Wiltshire Community History|publisher=Wiltshire Council|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref>
==Local government==
The civil parish elects a [[Parish councils in England|parish council]].  It is in the area of [[Wiltshire Council]] [[Unitary authorities of England|unitary authority]], which is responsible for all significant local government functions.
Until 1934 there were three parishes: Manningford Abbots, Bruce and Bohune.<ref name="vch-abbots">{{cite web|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire – vol 10, pp106-112 – Parishes: Manningford Abbots|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol10/pp106-112|website=British History Online|publisher=University of London|access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref>
== Railway ==
The [[Berks and Hants Extension Railway]] from [[Hungerford]] to [[Pewsey]] and [[Devizes]] was built across the north of the parish and opened in 1862.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol4/pp280-293|title=Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 4 - Railways|date=1959|editor-last=Crittall|editor-first=Elizabeth|website=British History Online|publisher=University of London|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> [[Manningford Halt railway station|Manningford Halt]] was opened in 1932, near the bridge carrying the road to Wilcot; it closed in 1966 when local services on the line were withdrawn.<ref>{{cite book|title=Wiltshire Railway Stations|last1=Oakley|first1=Mike|publisher=The Dovecote Press|year=2004|isbn=1-904349-33-1|location=Wimborne|pages=85–86}}</ref>
==Notable people==
*[[Robin Baker (biologist)|Dr Robin Baker]], author and broadcaster, lived in Manningford Bruce 1944–1962
*[[J. Meade Falkner]] (1858–1932), novelist, poet and businessman, born in Manningford Bruce
*[[Jonathan Green (speculative fiction writer)|Jonathan Green]], writer, owned a property in Manningford Bruce from 2010 to 2013
*[[Robert Hall (British Army officer)|Brigadier Robert Hall]] (1939–2016), first chairman of [[Wiltshire Council]]
==In popular culture==
* ''Caballito'', a 2012 novel by [[Robin Baker (biologist)|Robin Baker]], is partly set in Manningford Bruce and contains descriptions of Firth Copse.<ref>{{cite book | last = Robin | first = Baker | title = Caballito | publisher = Booklocker.com | year = 2013 | isbn = 9781626464674 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |author=Pevsner, Nikolaus |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner |editor=Cherry, Bridget  |title=[[The Buildings of England]]: Wiltshire |year=1975 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=0-14-071026-4 |page=330}}
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.themanningfords.co.uk/ The Manningfords] – community website
* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/manningford_village_design_statement.pdf Village Design Statement], 2005
[[Category:Civil parishes in Wiltshire]]