View source for Manuha

{{Infobox royalty
| type            = monarch
| name            = Manuha <br>မကုတရာဇာ <br/>{{lang|my|မနူဟာ}}
| image           = Manuha and wife.jpg
| caption         = Manuha and Chief queen statue
| reign           = 1030s–1057<ref name=mes-113>Spiro 1996: 113</ref>
| coronation      =
| succession      = [[List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma#Thaton Kingdom|King of Thaton]]
| predecessor     = Udinna
| successor       =
| suc-type        = Successor
| reg-type        =
| regent          =
| spouse          =
| issue           =
| issue-link      =
| full name       = [[File:Omx-ရာဇာဓိရာဇပရမေသွရက္ကသွရရာဇအဘေယမဟာရာဇဒေဝတိ.svg|330x330px]][[File:Omx-ဒေဝဗဟုညာနသာဂရဂမ္ဘိရသြိယ်နိတ္တျဓရ်မ္မဓရစနေသွရသက.svg|350x350px]][[File:Omx-လတမ်ဗာဝိသေယကြေယ်လောကဝရ်မ္မ.svg|280x280px]]
| house           = Thaton dynasty
| father          = Udinna
| mother          =
| birth_date      =
| birth_place     = [[Thaton]]
| death_date      =
| death_place     = [[Bagan|Pagan]]
| date of burial  =
| place of burial =
| religion        = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
| signature       =
}}
{{Contains special characters|Burmese}}
'''Manuha''' ({{langx|my|မနူဟာ}}; {{langx|mnw|မကုတရာဇာ}}; [[Old Mon script|Old Mon]][[File:Omx-မကုတရာဇာနာမ.svg|90x90px]] {{IPA-mnw|mɛ̌̀tǔtɑ̌ɾɛ̀ɑʝɛ̀ɑnɛ̀ɑmɛ̌̀|}}), or '''Makuta''', was the last king of [[Thaton Kingdom]]. Manuha ruled Thaton from 1030s until 1057 when he was defeated by King [[Anawrahta]] of [[Pagan Kingdom]].<ref name=Coedes>{{cite book|last= Coedès|first= George|author-link= George Coedès|editor= Walter F. Vella|others= trans.Susan Brown Cowing|title= The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year= 1968|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|isbn= 978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref>{{rp|150}} According to the [[Mon people|Mon tradition]], Manuha was the 59th in the line of kings who supposedly founded Thaton during the time of the [[Buddha]] in the 6th century [[BCE]].
Traditional Burmese and Mon reconstructions also hold that Anawrahta, a recent convert to [[Theravada Buddhism]], asked for the [[Pāli Canon|Theravada Buddhist canon]] from Manuha. The Mon king reputedly rejected Anawrahta's request, saying that the uncultured Burmans of the north were not worthy of the religion. This refusal was used by Anawrahta as pretense to invade and conquer the Mon kingdom.<ref name=hb>Htin Aung 1967: 32–33</ref> Despite this account, it is more likely Anawrahta conquered Thaton in order to check the westward advance of [[Khmer Empire]] in the [[Tanintharyi Region|Tenasserim]] coast. Still according to traditional belief, Manuha and his family along with some 30,000 monks and artisans, were brought back to [[Bagan|Pagan]] (Bagan). Between 1050 and about 1085, Mon craftsmen and artisans helped to build some two thousand monuments at Pagan, the remains of which today rival the splendors of [[Angkor Wat]].<ref name=as>South 2003: 67</ref>
However, recent research—still a minority view—argues that Mon influence on the interior after Anawrahta's conquest is a greatly exaggerated post-Pagan legend, and that Lower Burma in fact lacked a substantial independent polity prior to Pagan's expansion.<ref name=vbl-91>Lieberman 2003: 91</ref> Historian [[Michael Aung-Thwin]] (Aung-Thwin 2005) argues that the existence of Thaton is not supported by contemporary evidence.<ref name=mat>Aung-Thwin 2005</ref>
Manuha asked and was allowed to build the [[Manuha Temple]] in Pagan in 1059. Inside the temple three giant Buddha statues—two sitting, and one reclining—seem too large for their enclosures, and their cramped, uncomfortable positions are said to represent the stress and lack of comfort the 'captive king' had to endure.<ref>{{cite web | title=Manuha Temple | url=http://www.ancientbagan.com/manuha-temple.htm | publisher=AncientBagan.com | accessdate=2009-11-26 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406044446/http://www.ancientbagan.com/manuha-temple.htm | archivedate=2009-04-06 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last=Aung-Thwin | first=Michael | title=The Mists of Rāmañña: the Legend that was Lower Burma | publisher=University of Hawaii Press | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-8248-2886-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Htin Aung | author-link=Htin Aung | first=Maung | title=A History of Burma | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York and London | year=1967}}
* {{cite book | last= Lieberman | first= Victor B. | title= Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland | year=2003 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-80496-7}}
* {{cite book | last=South | first=Ashley | title=Mon nationalism and civil war in Burma: the golden sheldrake | isbn=9780700716098 | publisher=Routledge | year=2003 }}
* {{cite book | last=Spiro | first=Melford | title=Burmese supernaturalism | year=1996 | page=113 | isbn=9781560008828 | publisher=Transaction Publishers}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Thaton Kingdom|Thaton Dynasty]]||||}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=Udinna}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of early and legendary monarchs of Burma#Thaton Kingdom|King of Thaton]]|years= c. 1030s–1057}}
{{s-aft|after=Thaton dynasty abolished}}
{{s-end}}
{{Burmese monarchs}}
[[Category:Burmese monarchs]]
[[Category:Thaton dynasty]]
[[Category:Burmese Mon people]]