View source for Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany

{{Short description|Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond (1145–1201)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
| burial_place = Sawtrey Abbey, Huntingdonshire
| consort      = yes
| name         = Margaret of Huntingdon
| title        = Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond<br />Countess of Hereford
| house        = Dunkeld
| spouse       = [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany]]<br />[[Humphrey III de Bohun]]<br />Sir William fitz Patrick de Hertburn
| issue        = [[Constance, Duchess of Brittany]]<br />[[Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford]]
| issue-link   = #Life
| issue-pipe   = more...
| father       = [[Henry of Scotland]]
| mother       = [[Ada de Warenne]]
| birth_date   = 1145
| death_date   = 1201|
}}
'''Margaret of Huntingdon''' (1145{{sfn|Venning|2020|p=155}} – 1201) was a Scottish princess and Duchess of Brittany. She was the sister of Scottish kings [[Malcolm IV]] and [[William the Lion|William I]], wife of [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany]], and the mother of [[Constance, Duchess of Brittany]]. Her second husband was Humphrey de Bohun, hereditary [[Constable of England]]. Following her second marriage, Margaret styled herself as the Countess of Hereford.
==Life==
Margaret's parents were [[Henry of Scotland]], Earl of Huntingdon and Northumbria, and [[Ada de Warenne]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Commire |first1=Anne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0OAQAAMAAJ&q=Margaret+of+Huntingdon,+Duchess+of+Brittany |title=Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia |last2=Klezmer |first2=Deborah |date=1999 |publisher=Yorkin Publications |isbn=978-0-7876-4069-9 |pages=270 |language=en}}</ref> She has traditionally been considered the second-eldest daughter, younger than [[Ada of Scotland|Ada]], but it is possible that Margaret was the eldest since she married before Ada and was named after their paternal great-grandmother [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Saint Margaret]] (while Ada was named after their maternal great-grandmother [[Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois|Adelaide of Vermandois]]).<ref>{{Cite book|first=Geoffrey Wallis Steuart|last=Barrow|author-link=G.W.S. Barrow|title=Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland|volume=|publisher=University of California Press|year=1965|isbn=}}</ref> Through her father, Margaret was the granddaughter of King [[David I of Scotland]] and Queen [[Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nZ90l1_IzAC&dq=Margaret+of+Huntingdon,+Duchess+of+Brittany&pg=PA63 |title=Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy |date=2011-04-18 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4464-4911-0 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1160, Margaret became Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Richmond by marrying her first husband, [[Conan IV, Duke of Brittany]], Earl of Richmond. Margaret's origins and first marriage were deduced by [[Benedict of Peterborough]]. Together Conan and Margaret had at least four children:
* [[Constance, Duchess of Brittany]] (c. 1161 – September 1201), married firstly in 1181, [[Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany|Geoffrey Plantagenet]], by whom she had three children, including [[Arthur I of Brittany]]; she married secondly in 1188, [[Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester]]; she married thirdly in 1199, [[Guy of Thouars]], by whom she had twin daughters, including [[Alix of Thouars]];
* At least two children who died young;<ref>Everard, Judith and Jones, Michael. (1999) ''[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Charters_of_Duchess_Constance_of_Bri.html?id=ZS9rOweF8TIC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20Charters%20of%20Duchess%20Constance%20of The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family (1171-1221)].'' The Boydell Press. pp. 93-94. ISBN 9780851157511.</ref>{{efn|Margaret of Huntingdon made a donation for the souls of "herself, Duke Conan IV, and 'our boys', or 'our children' (''pro salute anime''... ''puerorum''... ''nostrorum''). This would seem to be a reference to at least one son of the marriage who did not survive infancy, leaving Constance as heiress in 1166." (Everard and Jones, ''The Charters of Duchess Constance and Her Family (1171-1221)'', The Boydell Press, 1999, p.94)}}
* William (d. aft. 1199/1201).<ref>Everard, Judith (2000). [https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Brittany_and_the_Angevins.html?id=rgQl7wOifdgC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20book%20examines%20in%20detail%20the%20means%20by ''Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203''.] Cambridge University Press. p.43. ISBN 9781139426558.</ref>{{efn|Two charters made by Constance and her son Arthur towards 1200 mention a brother of Constance, William. As a boy, William should have inherited the duchy after Conan. According to Everard, Henry II's forcing Constance's father into abdicating in 1166 was meant to prevent any son of the Duke from inheriting the duchy. According to her, the fact that Constance's brother was called William seems to indicate that he was not an illegitimate son of Conan IV, as William was the name of [[William the Lion|one of Margaret of Huntingdon's brothers]]. (Everard, Judith (2000). ''Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203''. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.43)}}
Margaret's husband died in February 1171, leaving her a widow at the age of twenty-six. Shortly before Easter 1171, she married her second husband, [[Humphrey III de Bohun]], Hereditary Constable of England (c. 1155 – c. 1181).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pollock |first=M. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aGfBwAAQBAJ |title=Scotland, England and France After the Loss of Normandy, 1204-1296: "Auld Amitie" |date=2015 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Ltd |isbn=978-1-84383-992-7 |pages=xiv |language=en}}</ref> He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun and [[Margaret of Hereford]]. Hereafter, she styled herself Countess of Hereford. The marriage produced a son and a daughter:{{efn|According to some theories, Margaret of Huntingdon had an additional daughter by either her first or second husband, Margaret (d. after 17 November 1189), second wife of count [[Pedro Manrique de Lara]], Viscount of Narbonne. Contemporary documentation only provides evidence that this Margaret was a kinswoman of [[Henry II of England]]. Hypotheses have included the untenable suggestion that she was Margaret of Huntingdon herself,<ref>Charles Evans, "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany", ''Mélanges offerts à Szalbocs de Vajay à l'occasion de son cinquantième anniversaire'', edd. Le comte de'Adhémar de Panat, Xavier de Ghellinck Vaernewyck and Pierre Brière (Braga, 1971), pp. 187-191.</ref> that she was the daughter of one of her husbands,<ref>Chaillou, Léa (2017). ''On Constance of Brittany's Family''. Published in ''Foundations'' volume 9, 2017, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, pp 35-46</ref> a Bohun sister-in-law, or daughter of Henry's half-brother [[Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey]].<ref>*Antonio Sánchez de Mora, [http://fondosdigitales.us.es/thesis/thesis_view?oid=271''La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara (SS. XI–XIII)''], (doctoral thesis), [[University of Seville]], 2003, p. 328–29.</ref>}}
* [[Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford]] (1176 – 1 June 1220), a [[Magna Carta]] surety; he married Maud FitzGeoffrey, daughter of [[Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex]] by his first wife Beatrice de Say, having three children including [[Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford]], ancestor of the later Bohun earls of Hereford;
* Matilda (d. aft. 1184/1185).<ref>''The Great roll of the pipe for the thirty-first year of the reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1184-1185'', p.206</ref>
Margaret's second husband died in late 1181 and she then married the English nobleman Sir William Fitzpatrick de Hertburn who acquired the lands of Washington in [[Durham, England|Durham]] in 1183. This marriage also produced three children:
* Walter de Washington;
* Sir William de Washington (c. 1183 – c. 1239), he married Alice de Lexington by whom he had issue. The [[Washington family]] descends from William;
* Marjory de Washington, she married firstly David de Lindsay, and secondly Sir Malcolm FitzWaldeve, a.k.a. Sir Malcolm de Ingoe.
Margaret died on 4 or 5 September<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQsMAQAAMAAJ&q=Margaret+of+Huntingdon,+Duchess+of+Brittany |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Oakham to Richmond |date=1945 |publisher=St. Catherine Press, Limited |pages=780 |language=en}}</ref> 1201 and was buried in [[Sawtry Abbey]], [[Huntingdonshire]].<ref name=":0" /> Her third and final husband had died around 1194.
== Portrayals in literature ==
Margaret of Huntingdon is a secondary character in the novel ''Devil's Brood'' (2008) by [[Sharon Kay Penman]].
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
*{{cite book |first=Timothy |last=Venning |title=A Chronology of Medieval British History, 1066-1307 |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 }}
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{{s-roy}}
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{{S-bef|before=[[Matilda FitzRoy, Duchess of Brittany|Maud FitzRoy]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Duchess consort of Brittany]]|years=1160–1166}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Blanche of Navarre, Duchess of Brittany|Blanche of Navarre]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Breton royal consorts|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Margaret Of Huntingdon, Princess Of Scotland}}
[[Category:12th-century births]]
[[Category:1201 deaths]]
[[Category:House of Dunkeld]]
[[Category:Duchesses of Brittany]]
[[Category:Scottish princesses]]
[[Category:Bohun family]]
[[Category:12th-century Scottish women]]
[[Category:12th-century Scottish people]]
[[Category:12th-century French women]]
[[Category:12th-century French nobility]]
[[Category:12th-century Breton people]]
[[Category:12th-century Breton women]]
[[Category:Mothers of French monarchs]]
[[Category:Remarried royal consorts]]