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'''''Martín Fierro''''' was an [[Argentina|Argentine]] magazine published between 1904 and 1905, founded to propagate [[anarchism|anarchist]] ideas. It was named after [[José Hernández (writer)|José Hernández]]'s epic poem ''[[Martín Fierro]]'', a touchstone of [[Argentina|Argentine]] national identity, whose title character is a renegade [[gaucho]].<ref name=Rey>
{{cite journal|journal=Hipótesis y Discuciones |author=Ana Lía Rey|title=Periodismo y cultura anarquista en la Argentina de comienzos de siglo XX: Alberto Ghiraldo en La protesta y Martin Fierro.|language=es|year=2004|issn=1514-5581|issue=24}}</ref>
The magazine was directed and published by [[Alberto Ghiraldo]] in [[Buenos Aires]], from 3 March 1904 to 6 February 1905; from October 1904 until it ceased publication, it appeared as a weekly supplement to the daily paper ''La Protesta''. In total, there were 48 issues, ranging between 12 and 16 pages; the format was 270 x 190&nbsp;mm. It was initially printed on the presses of ''El Correo Español'' and, later, those of ''La Protesta''.<ref name=Rey/>
==History==
The magazine began operations from an editorial office near the [[Avenida de Mayo]], but eventually moved to Ghiraldo's own home; it was ultimately closed by a police raid.<ref name=Rey/>
The magazine appeared in a context in which the number of readers in Buenos Aires was increasing, as a result of growing [[Immigration in Argentina|immigration]], [[urbanization]], access to [[Education in Argentina|formal education]], and a growing commercial press. ''Martin Fierro'' was directed to the popular sectors of this growing market. It advocated an anarchist ideology and was conceived as part of the movement among Argentine workers against the [[Law of Residency]]<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.adef.org.ar/1877-1919.htm Historia del Movimiento Obrero: 1877/1919 - Industrialización incipiente y predominio del Sindicalismo "Anarquista"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109055458/http://www.adef.org.ar/1877-1919.htm |date=2007-01-09 }}, Asociación de empleados de Farmacía (Argentina). Accessed online 30 December 2006.</ref> directed against foreign [[trade union]] leaders and activists.<ref name=Rey />
Anarchist ideology, traditionally characterized by the bourgeois press as the work of "foreign agitators", was presented by ''Martin Fierro'' as rooted in the gaucho life and identity, by means of stories, poems, illustrations, and sociological notes and articles. It also strongly emphasized a [[feminism|feminist]] protest against the various ways in which women were oppressed.<ref name=Rey />
Ghiraldo's connections to a broad cast of intellectuals such as [[Roberto Payró]], [[Carlos de Saussens]], [[Manuel Ugarte (writer)|Manuel Ugarte]], [[José Ingenieros]], [[Ricardo Jaimes Freyre]], Carlos Baires, Juan Mas y Pi, [[Eduardo Schiaffino]], [[Evaristo Carriego]], [[Alfredo Palacios]] and [[Rubén Darío]], all of whom published in the magazine, broadened the readership of ''Martin Fierro'' beyond the anarchist camp.<ref name=Rey/>
Beginning with issue 32, of October 1904, the magazine became a weekly supplement to the daily paper ''La Protesta'', an anarchist publication also directed by Ghiraldo. From that point, it ceased to contain the important illustrations and political caricatures that denounced the outrages of the clergy and the owners of businesses against the popular sectors.<ref name=Rey/>
As a consequence of the repression unleashed in the wake of the [[Argentine Radical Revolution of 1905|Radical Revolution of 1905]], on February 6 ''La Protesta'' was raided and obliged to close temporarily. The magazine did not reappear, and months later, when the newspaper resumed publication,  Ghiraldo suffered internal pressures that caused him to abandon his role, although not his anarchist militancy, which would again be expressed in the magazine ''Ideas y Figuras''.<ref name=Rey />
There were [[Martín Fierro (magazine)|two later Argentine magazines with the same name]], one briefly in 1919–1920 and a second from 1924 to 1927, both under the direction of [[Evar Méndez]]; they bore no relation to the 1904–1905 ''Martín Fierro'' except for common inspiration from Hernández's poem.<ref name=Rey/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Anarchist periodicals]]
[[Category:Anarchism in Argentina]]
[[Category:Defunct literary magazines]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in Argentina]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1904]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1905]]
[[Category:Defunct Spanish-language magazines]]
[[Category:Newspaper supplements]]
[[Category:Defunct political magazines]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Buenos Aires]]